18．English and its historyAll through history.people from many different countries and cultures have——青夏教育精英家教网——

18．English and its history
All through history，people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain．（61）The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain．That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people．
（62）古英语 is very different from the English we speak nowadays．
（63）事实上，we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today．Before the middle of the 5th century，people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic．Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland-the Angles and the Saxons-occupied Britain．Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages．（64） At the end of the 9th century，the Vikings，people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway，began to move to Britain．They brought with them their languages，which also mixed with Old English．By the 10th century，Old English had become the official language of England．
（65） When we speak English today，we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use．This is because English has many words and phrases from different languages，but with similar meanings．For example，the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the Saxons，while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians．
61．英语是由语法和词汇构成的．
62．Old English
63．In fact
64．在九世纪末
65．今天当我们讲英语的时候．

17．There are nearly 400different types of sharks，but only about 30types are known to have attacked human beings．Many people know that（46）the most dangerous shark is the great white shark，probably because they have（47）seen（see） the film Jaws．However，two other sharks are also rather dangerous：the tiger shark and the bull shark．
Contrary to what many people might assume，evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans．There （48）arethree types of shark attacks．In the main type，the shark（49）attacks （attack） you because it mistakes you for a fish，but when it tastes human flesh it decides to give up and swims away．In the second type，the shark pushes you with（50）its（it） nose to find out if you are fit to be eaten，and then bites you if it thinks you are．In the third type，the shark waits（51）for you to swim by，and then attacks you suddenly．The last two types of attack more often result in the death of humans．
To reduce the risk of a shark attack，you should follow these（52）suggestions（suggestion）．
•Do not swim in the dark．Sharks can still see you but you cannot see them．
•Do not go （53）swimming（swim） in the ocean if you have a fresh wound．Sharks can smell blood over a long distance．
•Do（54）not wear bright clothing or jewellery，because sharks are attracted to the flash of colours and bright objects．
•Stay in groups，as sharks （55）usually（usual）avoid large numbers of people．

16．The students should apologize to the teachers when they are late for school．（同义句的转换）
→The students shouldmake an apology to/say sorry tothe teachers when they are late for school．

15．Mr．Black，as well as the professor who_______ from Beijing University，________ to attend our school meeting．（　　）

14．It isnatural（自然的）that such a hardworking student should pass the exam．

13．It wasselfish（自私的）of him to leave all work to you．

12．What big your house is!

11．It is such hot today that we all want to sleep．

10．You must to study hard every day．

9．It is the first time that I had seen her．

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