13．[1]A new study by the scientists at Pennsylvania State University，finds that children who take a nap（小睡） when they are 4 and 5 years old，are less likely to be hyperactive （活动过度的） or experience depression （抑郁）．
[2]The results of the study showed that kids between the ages of 4 and 5 years，who discontinued to take daytime naps，showed higher levels of hyperactivity，anxiety and depression，compared to their fellow kids who _________ at this point of their lives．In their research，the researchers were happy to show the importance of taking naps for perfect daytime functioning in young kids．
[3]It all depends on every individual case when children are ready not to take naps any more，said an author of die study，Dr．Brian Crosby，doctor of psychology at Pennsylvania State University．Dr．Crosby suggested that parents include a quiet"rest"time in the daily schedule of their children to allow kids to nap if needed．
[4]For the study purposes，the experts gathered data from 62 children between the ages of 4 and 5 years．All the kids were classified as either ones who took naps-7 percent，or the ones who did not take naps-23 percent，based on actigraphy（体动记录仪） data．Actigraphy data for each child who took part in the study，was collected continuously for 7 days to 14 days．Parents and caregivers were asked to provide information on their child's typical weekday and weekend bedtime and rise time，as well as their napping patterns，and also had to complete a behavioral assessment of the child．
[5]Dr．Crosby hopes that the new findings will encourage other researchers to study the ways in which napping influences daytime performances in children．
76．What's the result of the new study？（no more than 20 words）Children taking naps are less likely to be hyperactive or experience depression．
77．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with words to complete the sentence．（no more than 5 words）take a nap
78．Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one？
To the delight of the researchers，they found in the study napping was important for children's wonderful daytime performances．In their research，the researchers were happy to show the importance of taking naps for perfect daytime functioning in young kids．
79．What suggestion can parents get from Dr．Crosby according to Paragraph 3？（no more than 15 words）schedule of their children to allow kids to nap if needed
80．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese．Dr．Crosby 希望这个新的发现将能够鼓励其他研究人员研究午睡是如何影响孩子白天的表现．．
12．[1]The fact that cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health is hardly new information．Cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of disease and early death in the United States．So why do so many teens continue to smoke？There are lots of reasons，you usually start for one reason or another and then it is really hard to quit．
[2]Nicotine acts in the brain where it can help develop feelings of pleasure，and pleasure feels good!It also will work as an appetite suppressant（抑制剂） for many people； other people believe it relieves stress．This may help explain why it is hard __________．
[3]Experimental smoking usually begins the habit．Next comes occasional cigarette smoking at parties，on weekends，with friends or when trying to lose weight．This is the most dangerous stage，because it usually leads to an addictive stage，when teens become regular smokers． People who start smoking before the age of 21 have the hardest time quitting．
[4]There is no safe amount of smoking．Every cigarette causes some harm to the body．Once smoke touches the lips，it begins to attack living tissues，and it continues its attack wherever it goes．Cigarette smokers have less ability to carry oxygen to the rest of the body and this is why smokers have less endurance（耐力） when running or participating in sports．
[5]Smokers also get wrinkles at an earlier age．The smoke changes the elasticity（弹性） of the skin and fine lines appear around the eyes and mouth．Your clothes and hair will smell from smoke and pretty soon you can no longer smell it．Kissing a smoker is like kissing an ashtray（烟灰缸）．
[6]There is no right way to quit smoking，but surely you can do it!
[7]If you are thinking about smoking，the only way to avoid getting addicted to cigarettes is never to start in the first place．
 
76．What should teens do according to the advice in the article？（no more than 15 words）Teens should either stop or not/never start smoking．
77．Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one？The fact that cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health is hardly new information．
It's already known that smoking is likely to cause illness．
78．Fill in the blank in Para 2 with proper words．（no more than 5 words）for smokers to stop/（for people） to stop smoking
79．What bad effects does smoking have besides harming health？（no more than 20 words）Smokers also get wrinkles at an earlier age and their clothes and hair get smelly．
80．Translate the underlined sentence in Para 3 into Chinese．因为这个阶段会导致青少年上瘾，从而成为正式烟民，所以这是最危险的时期．．
11．阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）．
（1）Our character，basically，is a mixture of our habits．"Sow a thought，reap an action； sow an action，reap a habit；________，reap a character； sow a character，reap a destiny （命运），"the maxim goes．
  （2）Habits are powerful factors in our lives．Because they are  often unconscious patterns，they constantly daily affect our character and produce our effectiveness or ineffectiveness．
  （3）As Horace Mann，the great educator，once said，"Habits are like a cable．We weave a rope of it everyday and soon it cannot be broken．"I personally do not agree with the last part of his expression．I know habits can be learned and unlearned．But we also know it isn't a quick fix．It involves a process and a tremendous effort．
  （4）Those of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo 11 were shocked as we saw the first men walk on the moon and return to earth．But to get there，those astronauts had to break out of the tremendous gravity pull of the earth．More energy was spent in the first few minutes of lift-off，in the first few miles of travel，than was used over the next several days to travel half million miles．
 （5）Habits，too，have tremendous gravity pull-more than most people realize or would admit．Breaking deeply developed habitual tendencies such as procrastination（拖延），impatience，criticalness，or selfishness that go against basic principles of human effectiveness involves more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives．"Lift off"takes a tremendous effort，but once we break out of the gravity pull，our freedom takes on a whole new situation．
　（6）Like any natural force，gravity pull can work with us or against us．The gravity pull of some of our habits may currently be keeping us from going where we want to go．But it is also gravity pull that keeps our world together，that keeps the planets in their orbits and our universe in order．It is a powerful force，and if we use it effectively，we can use the gravity pull of habit to create the order necessary to establish effectiveness in our lives．
76．What is the best title of the passage？（no more than 8 words）
Habits make/shape you/us．/Excellence comes from good habits
77．Please complete the blank in the para.1 （no more than 3 words）
Sow a habit
78．Why does the author say habits have powerful effects on our lives？（no more than 15 words）
Habits can constantly affect our character and produce our effectiveness or ineffectiveness
79．What does the writer mean by refering to gravity pull？（no more than 13 words）
Habits are like gravity，which can work with us or against us
80．What does the underlined"it"in line3 para3 refer to？（no more than 3 words）
forming a habit/growing a habit．
10．Too much eating．Too many unhealthy foods．Too many advertisements for food．Too little activity．Different explanations are offered for America's weight problem-a problem increasingly shared by other countries．Almost one-fifth of American children and teenagers are overweight．
Schools have been urged to increase physical education，an important tool for public health．And many have．Yet now comes a study showing an increase in the number of injuries in"phys ed"class．Injuries increased one hundred fifty percent between nineteen ninety-seven and two thousand seven．
The study involved injuries treated in hospital emergency departments．Only two percent were serious．
The researchers did not try to identify the causes of the increase，but they have some theories．
Lara McKenzie from Ohio State University was the lead researcher．She says one possibility is a decrease in the number of school nurses during the period they studied．For example，a two thousand four study showed that the number of school nurses nationally failed to meet federal guidelines．Schools without a nurse on duty may be more likely to send an injured child to a hospital．
Another possible reason for more injuries is a change in the traditional idea of physical education．This"New P．E．"expands the kinds of sports that are taught．But activities that some schools offer now，like rock climbing and skateboarding，can also expand the risks，says Cheryl Richardson．She is with the National Association for Sport and Physical Education．
Also，she says not all states require P．E．teachers to be specially trained．Untrained teachers could be less likely to recognize unsafe conditions．
Cheryl Richardson also points to one of the study's findings-that injuries are often the result of contact with a person or a structure．This tells her that the teachers were not giving each student enough space to move around safely．
Six activities produced seventy percent of all injuries：running，basketball，football，volleyball，soccer and gymnastics．
The researchers say larger class sizes are another possible reason for the increase in injuries．Larger classes can mean less supervision．The National Association for Sport and Physical Education says twenty to thirty students in a P．E．class should be the limit．
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS）

81．How do many schools deal with the problem that more children are overweight？
By increasing physical education．
82．What's the result of expanding the kinds of sports taught in school？
The risks of getting injured increase/expand．（The number of injuries in"phys ed"class increases）
83．P．E．teachers without special training are more likely toneglect unsafe conditions．
84．After reading the passage，please give at least two suggestions to an American school on how to reduce injuries in"phys ed"classes．
Increase the number of school nurses； avoid high risk activities； provide enough space； employ specially trained P．E．teachers； limit the size of a P．E class．．
9．In the old days of publishing，getting your manuscript into the hands of an editor often meant mailing the unsolicited finished product to the offices of literary agents or editors，where it would receive a cursory look from an editorial assistant-or none at all．
A modern version of the slush pile is the online"writing community，"a Web site where aspiring novelists can post their ideas，writing samples or manuscripts and open them to comments and reviews from strangers．On Tuesday Penguin Group USA，the publisher of Tom Clancy，Kathryn Stockett and Nora Roberts，will unveil its own venture，Book Country，a Web site for writers of genre fiction．In its initial phase Book Country will allow writers to post their own work-whether it's an opening chapter or a full manuscript-and receive critiques from other users，who can comment on points like character development，pacing and dialogue．Later this summer the site will generate revenue by allowing users to self-publish their books for a fee by ordering printed copies．（The books will bear the stamp of Book Country，not Penguin，and the site is considered a separate operation from Penguin．） The site will also explain the business of finding an agent，marketing and promoting a book，using social media and handling digital and subsidiary rights．
Penguin hopes the site will attract agents，editors and publishers scouting for new talent，and allow writers to produce work with more polish and direction than they could otherwise．The project has been spearheaded by Molly Barton，the director of business development for Penguin and the president of Book Country．"One of the things I remember really clearly from my early editorial experiences was this feeling of guilt，"Ms．Barton said in an interview．"I would read submissions and not be able to help the writer because we couldn't find a place for them on the list that I was acquiring for．And I kept feeling that there was something we could do on the Internet to really help writers each other．"
（Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 15WORDS）

81．How did an author send unsolicited finished products to editors in the old days of publishing？By mailing．
82．The online"writing community"is where aspiring novelists post their ideas andopen them to comments and reviews from strangers．
83．The site uses social media and digital and subsidiary rights toexplain the business of finding an agent；/market and promote a book．
84．What's the real purpose of Penguin creating the web site？To really help writers each other．．
8．Unemployment will certainly be in double-digits next year--and may remain there for some time．And for every person who （50）C  as unemployed in the Bureau of Labor Statistics'household survey，you can bet there's another either too  （51）A to look for work or working part time who'd rather have a full-time job or else taking home less pay than before．And there's yet another person who's more fearful that he or she will be the  （52）Bto lose a job．
（53）D，10percent unemployment really means 20percent underemployment or anxious employment，all of which translates  （54）Dinto late payments on mortgages，credit cards，auto and student loans，and loss of health insurance．It also means sleeplessness for tens of millions of Americans，and，of course，（55）Apurchases．
Unemployment of this magnitude and duration also translates into ugly  （56）C，because fear and anxiety are  （57）Bgrounds for the political resentment against immigrants，blacks，the poor，government leaders，business leaders，Jews and other easy  （58）B．It's already started．Next year is a mid-term election．Be prepared for worse．
So why is unemployment and underemployment so high？And why is it  （59）Dto remain high for some time？Because，as noted，people who are worried about their jobs or have no jobs，and who are also trying to  （60）A from under a pile of debt，are not going to do a lot of shopping．And businesses that don't have customers aren't going to do a lot of new  （61）C．And foreign nations also suffering high  62）Baren't going to buy a lot of our goods and services．And without customers，companies won't  （63）D．They'll cut payrolls instead．
This brings us to the obvious question：Who's going to buy the stuff we make or the services we provide，and therefore bring jobs back？There's only one  （64）C left：The government．

50．A．keeps toB．stickstoC．shows upD．attaches
51．A．discouragedB．timidC．sureD．upset
52．A．firstB．nextC．lastD．only
53．A．On the other handB．By contrastC．As a wholeD．In other words
54．A．enormouslyB．definitelyC．exactlyD．directly
55．A．fewerB．moreC．betterD．worse
56．A．economicsB．tradesC．politicsD．industries
57．A．necessaryB．fertileC．scarceD．heated
58．A．opponentsB．targetsC．victimsD．potentials
59．A．dueB．ableC．equalD．likely
60．A．get outB．get aroundC．get intoD．get off
61．A．programmingB．planningC．investingD．advertising
62．A．signatureB．unemploymentC．crisisD．inefficiency
63．A．rentB．runC．sellD．hire
64．A．manufacturerB．applicantC．buyerD．employer
7．
A．offers    B．influences    C．uncovered     D．exactly      E．big
F．found     G．campaigns      H．involved      J．properly     I．notion
What's in a name？Letters offer clues to one's future decisions，apparently．Previous studies have suggested that maybe a person's monogram （41）influences his life choices-where he works，whom he marries or where he lives-because of"implied self-esteem （自负），"or the temptation of positive self-associations．For instance，a person named Fred might be attracted to the （42）notion  of living in Fresno，working for Forever 21or driving a Ford F-150．
Now a new study by professor Uri takes another look at the so-called name-letter effect and （43）offers  other explanations for the phenomenon．He analyzed records of political donations in the U．S．during the 2004campaign-which included donors'names and employers-and found that the name of a person's workplace more closely related to the first three letters of a person's name than with just the first letter．But he suggests that the reason for the association isn't implied self-esteem，but perhaps something （44）exactly  the opposite．
Duyck，one of the researchers whose previous work（45）uncovered  the name-letter effect，isn't so quick to abandon the implied self-esteem theory．He pointed out that the sample group Uri studied may have biased the results：Uri analyzed the name-letter effect in a sample of people who donated money to political （46）campaigns．Still，Duyck notes that Uri's theories are credible，and that even while some people may （47）found  the same name of companies，employees may be tending to those companies because they start with the same letter as their names．In the end，whatever the explanation for the name-letter effect，no one really disputes that self-esteem is （48）involved on some level．But the true importance of the effect is up for debate．"I can't imagine people don't like their own letter more than other letters，"says Uri，"but the differences it makes in really （49）big  decisions are probably slim．"
6．This was no ordinary class．The students who came together were all science or engineering professors at Cornell University．They had interrupted their research to accept an invitation to take part in an unusual experiment："an interesting week of poetry"．This class was part of a study to answer the questions：Why is science difficult for many non-science students？
The students in the poetry class listened to lectures and took notes．They had reading tasks and had to write three short papers．All students noticed one thing-the importance of spoken words．In science and engineering classes，the instructors put tables and drawings on the blackboard．But in this poetry class，the instructors just talked．They didn't write anything on the board．
The scientists and engineers noticed one similarity between science and poetry．In both subjects，students need to find layers of meaning．Some layers are simple，clear，and on the surface； other layers are deeper and more difficult．This search for different levels of meaning doesn't happen much in undergraduate science classes，but it is important later，in graduate school．And it is always important in humanities（人文科学）．
Both the poetry instructors and their students learned something about teaching from this experience．One poetry instructor，for example，now sees the importance of using informational charts as he teaches．Most of the scientists agreed on several points．First，humanities classes might help science students to see patterns and decide which information is important．Second，the poetry class was fun．One engineer decided，"We need to change the way we teach engineering to make it an enjoyable experience for students．"But perhaps the most important result of the experience was this：All of the professors began to think about how they teach and how they can teach better．
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS．）

81．Why was this class very unusual？The students were （science or engineering） professors from a university．
82．The experiment was designed to help teachers find outwhy many non-science/humanities students find science hard to learn．
83．The poetry class was different from science and engineering classes in thatthe instructors just talked and they didn't write anything on the board．
84．What influence did the experiment had on those professors？All of the professors began to reflect on their way of teaching．．
5．The growing opportunities for Chinese Americans in China act as a useful ruler of the country's economic progress．A few years ago，Chinese Americans were to be found（50）A in the management positions in local branches of big American firms．Now，they are almost（51）B，including important positions in famous Chinese companies．China is really rising in economy．
（52）C，looking Chinese and being American can bring some particular troubles in China．Cynthia Liu，the manager of investor relations at Baidu is an example．She says there are cultural differences that these Chinese Americans have to become （53）D．For instance，pointing something out （54）A  in people's face usually results in awkward （55）D among her coworkers although they don't say a word．Liu enjoys her best days in China's growing economy by offering （56）C skills．But （57）A  China continues to grow，the window of opportunity for Chinese Americans will begin to （58）A．Daniel She，a Chinese native who became a Y．S．citizen in 1984says that the days when Chinese Americans could determine their own （59）C in China are going to end．China is now a much more （60）A job market even for well-educated，highly （61）A  workers．The question to think is the additional （62）D  that Chinese Americans are bringing to the companies．The companies are going to hire local persons more （63）B  unless Chinese Americans are bringing something to the table．And with China's native （64）A  becoming more and more qualified，it's already happening．

50．A．mainlyB．looselyC．closelyD．smoothly
51．A．anywhereB．everywhereC．nowhereD．somewhere
52．A．In allB．MoreoverC．HoweverD．Otherwise
53．A．added toB．devoted toC．applied toD．adjusted to
54．A．directlyB．merelyC．hurriedlyD．quickly
55．A．peaceB．quarrelC．joyD．silence
56．A．generousB．hopefulC．professionalD．sensible
57．A．asB．wheneverC．untilD．wherever
58．A．narrowB．deepenC．widenD．limit
59．A．namesB．patternsC．pay checksD．habits
60．A．competitiveB．enjoyableC．promisingD．negative
61．A．skilledB．inexperiencedC．unqualifiedD．dissatisfied
62．A．moneyB．backgroundC．featureD．value
63．A．illegallyB．cheaplyC．sociallyD．reluctantly
64．A．work forceB．foreign employeesC．university studentsD．factory workers
4．A．economy    B．dated     C．relationship    D．event      E．achievement
F．applied      G．global     H．regularly      I．financial    J．promote

The World Expo （short for"exposition"） is known as World's Fair．And it is a large，（41）global，non-commercial exposition that has been held since the mid-19th century．
The World Expo is the third largest（42）event in the world in terms of economic and cultural impact，after the FIFA World Expo Cup and the Olympic Games．In fact，the World Expo is regarded as the"Olympic Games of the （43）economy，science and technology．"
The hosting of the World Expo must be （44）applied for by a country and approved by the international World Expo committee．Expo aims to（45）promote  the exchange of ideas and development of the world economy，culture，science and technology，to allow exhibitors to publicize and display their （46）achievement  and improve international （47）relationship．
Exhibitions are not a recent invention．They （48）dated back to the times when large-scale markets were （49）regularly  held in cities which attracted visitors and brought prosperity because they were located at major trade route intersections．
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