6．When you want to go shopping.decide how much money you can spend on new clothes.Think about the ki——青夏教育精英家教网—

6．When you want to go shopping，decide how much money you can spend on new clothes，Think about the kind of clothes you really need．Then look for those clothes you really need．Then look for those clothes on sale．
There are labels（标签） inside all new clothes．The labels tell you how to take care of your clothes．The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water．A sweater label may tell you to wash in cold water．The label on a coat may say"dry clean only"，for washing may ruin this coat．If you do as the directions（说明）on the label，you can keep your clothes looking their best for a long time．
Many clothes today must be dry cleaned．Dry cleaning is expensive．When buying new clothes，check to see if they will need to be dry cleaned．You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed．
You can save money if you buy clothes that are well-made．Well-made clothes last longer．They look good even after they have been washed many times．Clothes that cost more money are not necessarily better made．They do not always fit better．Sometimes less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes．
44．If you want to save money，you had better buy clothes thatD．
A．don't fit you
B．don't last long
C．need to be dry cleaned
D．can be washed
45．The labels inside the clothes tell youA．
A．how to keep the clothes looking their best
B．how to save money
C．whether the clothes fit you or not
D．where to get the clothes dry cleaned
46．We learn from the passage that cheaper clothesD．
A．are always worse made
B．must be dry cleaned
C．can not be washed
D．can sometimes fit you better
47．The best title for the passage should beC．
A．Buy Less Expensive Clothes
B．Taking Enough Money When Shopping
C．Being a Clever Clothes Shopper
D．Choosing the Labels inside New Clothes．

5．It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams，the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life，but manners on the road are becoming horrible．Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel．It is all right to have a tiger in a cage，but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter．
Road politeness is not only good manners，but a good sense．It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving．On the other hand，a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting．A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions．But such behavior of politeness is by no means enough．Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it．
However，misplaced politeness can also be dangerous．A typical example is the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time．The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to．
An experienced driver，whose manners are faultless，told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in a traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings．Unfortunately，modern drivers can't even learn to drive，let alone master the roadmanship （公路驾车技能）．Years ago，experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take from all road users．It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart．
32．The most suitable title for this passage would beC．
A．Traffic Jams
B．Good Manners
C．Road Politeness
D．Modern Drivers
33．Troubles on the road are often caused byB．
A．traffic jams
B．the behavior of the drivers
C．the great speed of modern life
D．terrible road conditions
34．According to the writer，a good driver shouldC．
A．encourage children to cross the road whenever they want to
B．beat back when forced to face rude driving
C．be able to recognize politeness when he sees it
D．join in a traffic stream quickly however other people feel
35．It is not always right for drivers toD．
A．master the roadmanship
B．neglect politeness when they see it
C．give a friendly nod in answer to an act of politeness
D．encourage old ladies to cross the road whenever and wherever they want to．

4．Howling is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf pack．As pack animals，wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other．There are different explanations of a wolf's howl and it appears that there may be more to discover．
One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together．It's almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together．Perhaps it's something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together．But this theory may be wrong，explains Fred H．Harrington，a professor who studies wolf behavior．
Indeed，there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus，and the next，quarreling among each other．It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be"punished"for joining in the chorus at times．So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm （重新确认） status among its members？-Why do wolves howl for sure？
What is clear，however，is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other．Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times．When this happens，howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering．
Howling，interestingly，is a contagious behavior．When one wolf starts to howl，very likely others will follow．This is often seen to happen in the morning，as if wolves were doing some sort of"roll call"where wolves all howl together to report their presence．

28．What is the possible similarity between wolves'howling together and human's singing in chorus？D
A．The act of calling each other．
B．The sense of accomplishment．
C．The act of hunting for something．
D．The sense of belonging to a group．
29．Why does Harrington think the"social bond"theory may be wrong？C
A．Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds．
B．Wolves separate from each other after howling．
C．Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together．
D．Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus．
30．Researchers are sure that wolves often howl toB．
A．show their ranks
B．find their companions
C．report the missing ones
D．express their loneliness
31．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably meansD．
A．howling is a signal for hunting
B．howling is a way of communication
C．howling often happens in the morning
D．howling spreads from one to another．

3．A typical lion tamer （驯兽师） in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip （鞭） and a chair．The whip gets all of the attention，but it's mostly for show．In reality，it's the chair that does the important work．When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face，the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time．With its focus divided，the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next．When faced with so many options，the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair．
How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion？How often do you have something you want to achieve （e．g．lose weight，start a business，travel more）--only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress？
This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best，the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information．The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things，and so we take less action，make less progress，and stay the same when we could be improving．
It doesn't have to be that way．Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face，remember this：All you need to do is focus on one thing．You just need to get started．Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people．If you have somewhere you want to go，something you want to accomplish，someone you want to become…take immediate action．If you're clear about where you want to go，the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way．
29．Why does the lion tamer use a chair？A
A．To trick the lion．
B．To show off his skills．
C．To get ready for a fight．
D．To entertain the audience．
30．In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair？A
A．They feel puzzled over choices．
B．They hold on to the wrong things．
C．They find it hard to make changes．
D．They have to do something for show．
31．What is the author's attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3？B
A．Positive．
B．Doubtful．
C．Respectful．
D．Supportive．
32．When the world is"waving a chair in your face"，you're advised toC．
A．wait for a better chance
B．break your old habits
C．make a quick decision
D．ask for clear guidance．

2．Reading is the key to school success and，like any skill，it takes practice．A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other．An excellent sportsman practices until he can play quickly，correctly and without thinking．Educators call it"automaticity （自动性）"．
A child learns to read by sounding out the letters and finding the meaning of the words．With practice，he stumbles less and less，reading by the phrase （短语）．With automaticity，he doesn't have to think about the meaning of words，so he can give all his attention to the meaning of the text．It can begin as early as first grade．In a recent study of children in Illinois schools，Alan Rossman of Northwestern University found that automatic readers in the first grade not only read almost three times as fast as the others，but also got better results in exams．
According to Rossman，the key to automaticity is the amount of time a child spends reading，not his IQ．Any child who spends at least 3.5to 4hours a week reading books，magazines or newspapers will probably reach automaticity．It can happen if a child turns off TV just one night for reading at home．
You can test yourself by reading something new which is suitable for your level．If you read aloud with expression，with a sense of the meaning of the sentences，you probably are an automatic reader．If you read brokenly，one word at a time，without expression or meaning，you need more practice．
27．"Reading is the key to school success"means that readingB．
A．helps students go to a key school
B．can improve students'learning results
C．helps school develop faster
D．is a key to a successful school
28．Children with"automaticity"can read faster because theyB．
A．know how to read the words
B．pay attention to the meaning of the text
C．read by themselves without any help
D．do not have to think while they are reading
29．Rossman tells that any child whoA will possibly be an automatic reader．
A．spends an hour reading every day
B．reads books by the word quickly
C．turns off TV one night 4weeks
D．gets the same marks as others in exams
30．The best title for the passage isD．
A．IQ Is the Key to the Automaticity
B．TV Is Bad for Children's Reading
C．Automatic Reads Will Be Successful
D．Automaticity Depends on Practice．

1．The origins of the apple tree are in Asia．We know that 8，500years ago apples were being grown and eaten in ancient Jericho，a city near the Jordan River．In some parts of the ancient world apples could only be afforded by royalty （王室成员） and their courts，and were a popular dessert as long ago as 4，500years．Now the apple is the most popular fruit in the world．
You probably know that there's a tradition for students to bring shiny apples to their favorite teachers．But why？
No one knows for sure．The idea of"an apple for the teacher"has been with us since the late 1800s．Perhaps the custom grew out of the fact that apples are ripe （成熟的） in September，when the school year usually begins．In earlier times，students，particularly those in rural areas，could pick apples from trees on their way to school．They were easy gifts for children to give．
However，the lovely practice took on a dark note if the other children thought the gift-giver was trying to buy the teacher into giving him or her better grades．"Apple polisher"came to mean someone who tries to please a superior （上级） in return for special treatment．It was a popular college slang （俚语） term in the 1920s，but the term isn't used much any more．
It's true that apples can be very attractive．The apple is America's favorite fruit，as shown in the phrase，"as American as Mom and apple pie"．
After all，who ever says，"A banana a day keeps the doctor away"or"You're the banana of my eye"？And who brings a banana to his or her teacher？Nobody．

28．What do we learn about the apple from the passage？B
A．It has been popular worldwide since 8，500years ago．
B．It has been a popular dessert for about 4，500years．
C．The origins of the apple tree are in America．
D．Everyone could enjoy this fruit in the ancient world．
29．Why did students give their teachers apples？A
A．Apples were ripe when the school year began．
B．Apples were the most popular fruit．
C Apples were expensive enough as gifts．
D．Teachers liked to get apples from students．
30．Which of the following is TRUE about the phrase"apple polisher"？D
A．It is used to praise someone for his/her performance．
B．It is still as popular nowadays as before．
C．It may mean something good or bad，depending on the situation．
D．It refers to someone who wants to please a leader．
31．What do we learn from the last two paragraphs？B
A．Apples are related to mothers in America．
B．Apple is a popular word，and used in many phrases．
C．Apples are attractive because of many stories．
D．Nobody wants to use the word banana．

20．Ask a teacher to name the most annoying invention of recent years and they will often mention the mobile phone．Disturbed by the problems they create，many head teachers have ordered that pupils should keep their phones switched off at school．Others have told pupils to leave them at home．
However，education researchers at The University of Nottingham believe it is time that phone bans（禁止） were reconsidered，because mobile phones can be a powerful learning aid，they say．Dr Elizabeth Hartnell-Young and her colleagues have reached this conclusion after studying the consequences of allowing pupils in five secondary schools to use either their own mobile phones or the new generation of‘smartphones'in lessons．
During the nine-month experiment，14-to 16-year-old pupils used the phones for a wide range of educational purposes，including creating short movies，setting homework reminders，recording a teacher reading a poem，and timing experiments with the phones'stopwatches．The smartphones，which could be connected to the Internet，also allowed pupils to access revision websites，log into the school email system，or transfer（转存）electronic files between school and home．
The research involved 331pupils in schools in Cambridgeshire，West Berkshire and Nottingham．"At the start of the study，even pupils were often surprised at the thought that mobile phones could be used for learning，"Dr Hartnell-Young said．"After their hands-on experience，almost all pupils said they had enjoyed the project and felt more inspired．"
Some teachers found that pupils who lacked confidence gained most from the project．However，they recognised that greater use of mobile phones in schools could cause problems．
32．We can infer from the first paragraph thatD．
A．teachers are strongly against students owning mobile phones
B．mobile phones should be developed to meet students'needs
C．students are free to use their mobile phones at school
D．mobile phones are usually forbidden to be used at school
33．When the students first used mobile phones for learning，theyC．
A．all enjoyed the project very much
B．didn't know what they were used for
C．didn't fully realize the learning functions of mobile phones
D．were surprised that they were allowed to use mobile phones in schools
34．Who benefited most from the project？B
A．Older pupils．
B．Pupils who were not confident．
C．Younger pupils．
D．Pupils who were confident．
35．The purpose of the text is to tell us thatA．
A．mobile phones can actually help students learn
B．mobile phones begin to be widely used in schools
C．too much use of mobile phones in schools can cause problems
D．the mobile phone is considered the most annoying invention of recent years．

19．A newly-published study has shown that loneliness can spread from one person to another，like a disease．Researchers used information from the Framingham Study，which began in 1948．The Framingham Study gathers information about physical and mental health，personal behavior and diet．At first，the study involved about 5，000people in the American state of Massachusetts．Now，more than 12，000individuals are taking part．
Information from the Framingham Study showed earlier that happiness can spread from person to person．So can behaviors like littering and the ability to stop smoking．
University of Chicago psychologist John Cacioppo led the recent study．He and other researchers attempted to show how often people felt lonely．They found that the feeling of loneliness spread through social groups．
Having a social connection with a lonely person increased the chances that another individual would feel lonely．In fact，a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness．A friend of that person was 25% more likely．The researchers say this shows that a person could indirectly be affected by someone's loneliness．
The effect was strongest among friends．Neighbors were the second most affected group．The effect was weaker on husbands and wives，and brothers and sisters．The researchers also found that loneliness spread more easily among women than men．
The New York Times newspaper reports that，on average，people experience feelings of loneliness about 48days a year．It also found that every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about five percent，or two and a half fewer lonely days．
Loneliness has been linked to health problems like depression and sleeping difficulties．The researchers believe that knowing the causes of loneliness could help in reducing it．
The study suggests that people can take steps to stop the spread of loneliness．They can do this by helping individuals they know who may be experiencing loneliness．The result can be helpful to the whole social group．
29．What is TRUE about the Framingham Study？B
A．It was only conducted in 1948．
B．It involves more than 12，000participants．
C．It was led by John Cacioppo．
D．It showed that any behavior could spread．
30．Which statement about the spread of loneliness is true？C
A．The spreading effect was the second strongest among friends．
B．No spreading effect was found on husbands and wives．
C．Women are more likely to be affected than men．
D．Brothers are more easily affected than neighbors．
31．What is the main idea of the passage？D
A．Actions should be taken to help lonely people．
B．People feel lonely for many reasons．
C．Ways to fight against loneliness．
D．Lonely people can affect others．

18．Have you ever picked a job based on the fact that you were good at it but later found it made you feel very uncomfortable over time？When you select your career，there's a whole lot more to it than assessing your skills and matching them with a particular position． If you ignore your personality，it will hurt you long-term regardless of your skills or the job's pay．There are several areas of your personality that you need to consider to help you find a good job．Here are a few of those main areas；
1）Do you prefer working alone or with other people？
There are isolating（使孤立）jobs that will drive an outgoing person crazy and also interactive jobs that will make a shy person uneasy．Most people are not extremes in either direction but do have a tendency that they prefer．There are also positions that are sometimes a combination of the two，which may be best for someone in the middle who adapts easily to either situation．
2）How do you handle change？
Most jobs these days have some elements of change to them，but some are more than others．If you need stability in your life，you may need a job where the changes don't happen so often．Other people would be bored of the same daily routine．
3）Do you enjoy working with computers？
I do see this as a kind of personality characteristic．There are people who are happy to spend more than 40hours a week on a computer，while there are others who need a lot of human interaction throughout the day．Again，these are extremes and you'll likely find a lot of positions somewhere in the middle as well．
4）What type of work environment do you enjoy？
This can range from being in a large building with a lot of people you won't know immediately to a smaller setting where you'll get to know almost all the people there fairly quickly．
5）How do you like to get paid？
Some people are motivated by the pay they get，while others feel too stressed to be like that．The variety of payment designs in the sales industry is a typical example for this．
Anyway，these are a great starting point for you．I've seen it over and over again with people that they make more money over time when they do something they love．It may take you a little longer，but making a move to do what you have a passion for can change the course of your life for the better．
29．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？D
A．Isolating jobs usually drive people mad．
B．Interactive jobs make people shy easily．
C．Extreme people tend to work with others．
D．Almost everyone has a tendency in jobs．
30．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph one mean？B
A．Before you select your job，you should assess your skills and match them with your position
B．There are more important things than assessing skills and match them with the position when you select job．
C．Nothing is important than assessing skills and match them with the position when you select job．
D．You should ignore your skills when you select job．
31．What is the best title for this passage？D
A．Lifestyles and Job Pay．
B．Jobs and Environment．
C．Job Skills and Abilities．
D．Personalities and Jobs．

17．To extinguish （熄灭） different kinds of fires，several types of fire extinguishers have been invented．They must be ready for immediate use when fire breaks out．Most portable （手提式的） kinds operate for less than a minute，so they are useful only on small fires．The law requires ships，trains，buses and planes to carry extinguishers．
Since fuel，oxygen and heat must be present in order for fire to exist，one or more of these things must be removed or reduced to extinguish a fire．If the heat is reduced by cooling the material below a certain temperature，the fire goes out．The cooling method is the most common way to put out a fire．Water is the best cooling material because it is low in cost and easy to get．
Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen．This is usually done by covering the fire with sand，steam or some other things．A blanket may be used to cover a small fire．
A third method is called separation，which includes removing the fuel，or material easy to burn，from a fire，so that it can find no fuel．
The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire．Fires have been grouped in three classes．Fires in wood，paper，cloth and the like are called Class A fires．These materials usually help keep the fire on．Such fires can be stopped most readily by cooling with water．
25．If a fire breaks out on a bus，which of the follow should be ready there for you to use？D
A．Sand
B．Water
C．A blanket．
D．An extinguisher．
26．To cover a small piece of burning wood with a basin in order to stop the fire is an example ofD．
A．separating the fire
B．reducing the heat
C．removing the fuel
D．cutting off the oxygen
27．In choosing how to put out a fire，we should first be clear aboutC．
A．when it breaks out
B．how it comes about
C．what kind it is
D．where it takes place
28．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows？A
A．Another class of fires
B．Another type of extinguishers
C．How fires break out．
D．How fires can be prevented．

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