2．Ryan and Lowry had been friends since high school.but it wasn't until after collegethat they hit o——青夏教育精英家教网—

2．Ryan  and Lowry had been friends  since high school，but it wasn't until after college
that they hit on the idea of a home-care-products company．"We were shocked to learn how  toxic  cleaning  products  were，"says  Ryan．  Why  couldn't they  create  green products that would be just as environmentally pure as Aveda's skin-and-hair-care lines？
When Ryan's mom heard about the plan，she stared at him blankly："I've never even seen  you  clean your room!"Not discouraged，Lowry experimented with  nontoxic ways to clean．  while  Ryan  focused on marketing．  In  February 2001，they  mixed their first four   cleaning  sprays  and  convinced the  managers  of  20  grocers to try them•Once  they had their  approval，they tapped  friends  and  family  and pooled their  savings to  come  up  with﹩90，000in seed money．
From the start，"Go big or go home''was their mantra（口头禅）．Their first financing-that﹩l million-was due to be signed on September 11，2001．By the time they got it，two months later，says Ryan，"we had﹩16in the bank and personally owed﹩300，000•"
Seeking a national retailer（零售商）proved just as troublesome．The friends set their sights on Target，known for its trendy，affordable goods．"But Target didn't like the product or the brand，"recalled Ryan．"We thought the deal was dead，but then a new buyer saw that even though we weren't selling big volumes，we were  profitable，just on a smaller scale．"They won over Target．
Consumers  were  hooked  on the  natural things  and  wonderful  fragrance．Today，the partners sell 130products in more than 8，000stores，and taxes are over﹩100million．Such  rapid  growth has  at times  stressed the  men's  friendship．"Eric  and  I  agree on‘what'but  never  on‘how，'"says Lowry．"Although  we  are  willing to  challenge  each  other，we come up with interesting and smarter solutions．There's little fire and ice between us•

56．The underlined word"toxic"in Paragraph 1most probably means•A
A．poisonous    B．dirty
C．expensive    D．troublesome
57．When Ryan told his mom his plan，C．
A．he knew his mom was sure to support him
B．his mom asked him to clean his room
C．his mom suspected his ability
D．he was discouraged by his mom
58．We can learn：from the third paragraph thatB．
A．Ryan and Lowry wanted to gave up and go home at first
B．their plan didn't go smoothly at the very beginning
C．they made profit two months later after their first financing
D．﹩1million was not enough as their seed money
59．The partners'cleaning products are sold very well because．A
A．the products are made of natural material and smell nice
B．their friends and family offered to use their products
C．they cooperated with a well-known national retailer
D．they convinced 20grocer managers to try them
60．It can be inferred from the-passage that．D
A．Aveda's skin-and-hair-care lines are not so successful as Ryan and Lowry's
B．Target is a famous environment-friendly cleaning brand
C．The friends"cooperation with Target was very successful
D．The partners get on well with each other in their business．

1．The World Trade Organization came into existence in the 1990s．It operates a system of trade rules．It serves as a place for nations to settle do disagreement and negotiate agreement to reduce trade barriers．The newest of its 150members，Vietnam，joined in January．
But the roots of the W．T．O．date back to World War Two and the years that followed．In 1944，the International Monetary（货币的）Conference agreed to create the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank．But they could not agree on all organization to deal with international trade．
Three years later，in 1947，twenty-three nations approved the General Agreement Oil Tariffs（关税）and Trade，or GATT． It was meant to be temporary．Trade negotiations under GATT were carried our in a series of talks called rounds．The first round lowered import taxes one-fifth of world trade．Later rounds produce additional cuts，and negotiations added more issues．
The sixth round began in l963．It was called the Kennedy Round after the murder of President John F．Kennedy．The results included an agreement against trade dumping．This is when one country sells a product in another country at unfairly low price．
The eighth round of talks began in Punta del Este，Uruguay，in 1986．The Uruguay Round lasted almost twice as long as planned．In all，123nations took part in seven-and-a-half years of work．They set time limits for future negotiations．They also agreed to crate a permanent system to settle trade disagreements．
In April of 1994，most of those 123nations signed an agreement．It replaced GATT with the World Trade Organization．
The W．T．O.1aunched a new round On development issues in Doha，Qatar，In November of 2001．These talks were supposed to end by January of 2005．But negotiations could not agree on issues involving agricultural protections．The current round has been suspended last July．

71．The WTO got his name in the yearD．
A．1947． B．1963． C．1986． D．1994．
72．Which of the following statements about GATT is NOT true？C
A．It was set up after World WarⅡ．
B．It was first approved by less than 30countries．
C．It was a branch of the World Bank．
D．It was meant to improve international trade．
73．What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph mean？B
A．The founders wanted GATT to bring in money．
B．The founders didn't expect GATT to last long．
C．GATT was ready to change its name at the very beginning．
D．GATT was open for more member countries．
74．What is one of the results of the Uruguay Round？A
A．A permanent system was agreed on．
B．It lasted almost eight years．
C．More countries took part in it．
D More disagreements than expected were settled．
75．Which of the following is the best title of the passage？C
A．Why the WTO was Called GATT？
B．WTO Talk Rounds Last Longer
C．A Brief Introduction to the WTO
D．GATT or WTO？A Real Question．

19．

Across the United States，there are several places where two independent towns grew together to become one city-but kept both their names．
WinstonSalem is one of them．It's a mid?sized city in what's called the plateau（high land），between the Atlantic Coast and the inland mountains in the state of North Carolina．The Winston part is a relatively new place，founded early this century．It's home to the nation's biggest open?air tobacco market．
The giant R．J．Reynolds Tobacco Company's headquarters is in Winston?Salem，and Winston is the name of one of Reynolds'best?known cigarette brands．Fast?growing Winston soon surrounded the much older town of Salem，so in 1913，people in the area voted to combine them into a single place．
From a historical and tourist point of view，Salem，or Old Salem，as it's called today，is the interesting and unusual part of town．
Salem was founded in the 1700s by the Moravians．They spoke German，and their community was religiously based，with single men and single women living apart in separate dormitories．The Moravians greatly valued women's work and brainpower．In fact，one of the nation's oldest boarding schools for young women-the Moravians'Salem Academy founded in 1772-is still in operation．
Over the years，Salem lost its Moravian character．That all changed，though，when a nonprofit group began to rehabilitate the historic area．These days Old Salem is what's called a living history museum，with exhibits，music，and tours of 18th-century houses，taverns and Moravian dormitory buildings just seven blocks from the tallest skyscraper in Winston-Salem．
The historic community is booming again．Just as R．J．Reynolds is taking in millions of dollars making cigarettes across town，Old Salem is generating about S|15million a year in tourism revenue and donations．

61．From the passage we can know thatA．
A．Winston-Salem is the name of a city
B．Salem is home to the tobacco market
C．the city Winston-alem has two names
D．Old Salem is the name of a tobacco brand
62．It can be inferred from Paragraph 3thatD．
A．the two cities benefited each other
B．Salem developed faster than Winston
C．R．J．Reynolds Company has moved into Salem
D．the combination meets the wishes of the people
63．The city Salem is special for itsB．
A．boarding school                          B．lifestyle and tradition
C．respect for brainpower                   D．religious belief
64．The underlined word"rehabilitate"in Paragraph 6is closest in meaning to"A"．
A．reconstruct            B．evaluate
C．enlarge                D．decorate
65．What will probably be talked about in the following part？C
A．Some other attractions in Winston-Salem．
B．How Winston makes profits from tourism．
C．Other examples of cities combined by two parts．
D．Something about the boarding school for women．

18．Rarely have I experienced a reaction like that which came about following the idea of banning private education．One of those who contacted me to disagree with the idea was 17 year old Anirudh Mandagere．He got 10 A*s at GCSE and is currently studying English，French，Math and History at a private school in Manchester．Here is his response：
For me，the idea that all private schools should be banned is not only ridiculous and unrealistic，but goes against the idea of liberty．We must have the freedom to choose between state-funded and privately educated schools．If parents pay taxes，surely they should be able to choose whether they send their children to a state-funded or a privately-funded school．
The economic impacts of abolishing private education are vast．Banning private schools would obviously contribute to a great transfer to state schools．Many state schools are already overburdened； do they really need more pupils？Abolishing private education would lead to higher taxes for taxpayers since more money would be needed to educate the 7% who were previously private educated．In the times of economic crisis，should the taxpayer need to fork out more money to pay for their education？There would also be a great rise in unemployment of the staff who works at private schools．
It is noted that，in general，private schools have better grades at GCSE and A level than state schools．Yet，why do people view this as a bad thing？The higher private school grades eventually force the government to endlessly improve state education so that the middle-classes do not totally abandon state education for private education．This competition creates reform and progress within state schools and eventually promote them!If the private schools did not exist，where would be the impetus for state school improvement？
Government should not simply ban a system which produces results．It should learn from it and use the private education model as a basis for the state education model．Abolishing a successful system will not help anybody，learning from a successful system will．
66．In the eye of Anirudh Mandagere，parents have the right toC．
A．criticize state-funded schools
B．pay taxes for the promotion of private schools
C．choose the way their children receive education
D．advocate the competition between state schools and private ones
67．According to the passage，banning private education willD．
A．obviously contribute to lower taxes
B．not cause the state schools to be overburdened
C．force the government to boost state education
D．lead to many people losing their jobs
68．The underlined word"impetus"in the fourth paragraph probably meansA．
A．motivation         B．prevention         C．participation       D．assessment
69．Compared with state schools，private onesD．
A．educate a little fewer students
B．conduct better than all state ones
C．are better received by the public
D．are more competitive on the whole
70．Which of the following statements will Anirudh Mandagere agree with？B
A．His wonderful performance results from the education his private school offers．
B．Without the existence of private schools，state ones wouldn't get improved much．
C．Private education is a good system to make students successful in life．
D．Private schools are supposed to be sponsored more than state ones．

17．Some young engineers from the United States have brought the Internet to several areas of rural Kenya．Their idea was to connect the communities to the Web by satellite．But there was a problem-the areas are not even connected to Kenya's electric power supply．However，the young engineers offered the answer：solar panels．Energy from the sun powers the satellite by dishes （接收器） and computers that link the areas with the world outside．Kelly Moran，Joan Ervin and Tricia Donajkowski spent ten days in Kenya in November．The three women recently earned master's degrees in space system engineering from the University of Michigan．People now have access to educational，medical and all kinds of other information．Farmers，for example，can easily find weather，crop and price information online．
The project began back at the college of engineering in Ann Arbor，Michigan in 2007．That was when 25students in a class taught by Thomas Zurbuchen first talked about the idea．The goal was to test whether Internet stations could be set up，how much they would cost，and how long they could operate．But the engineers also had to consider other things such as social needs．Students from the public health and business schools offered advice．The young engineers also had to design the equipment to survive the heat in Africa．Prof，Zurbuchen praised his former students for"making something work in a different climate far away from home．"Just 5% of Africans have Internet connections．The International Telecommunication Union says 1/3of Kenyans have moble phones．But mobile phones may or may not work well with the Internet．

66．What was the solution（解决方法） to the connection to Kenya's Internet？B
A．Providing electric power to the satellite dishes and computers．
B．Providing solar power to the satellite dishes and computers．
C．Providing advanced satellite dishes to connect the Internet．
D．Providing computer technology to connect the Internet．
67．What is the advantage of connecting the communites to the Web？C
A．Students can surf the Internet at home．
B．Schools can develop more classes online．
C．People can get all kinds of information online．
D．People can work an extra shift at home．
68．Who offered advice to the engineers？B
A．People in the rural areas．
B．Students from the public health and business schools．
C．People from the United States．
D．Students from the Kenya's universities．
69．Why did Prof．Zurbuchen speak highly of the young engineers？A
A．Because they had overcome troubles and made progress in Africa．
B．Because they had invented new equipment to complete the project in Africa．
C．Because they had completed connecting the communities to the Web in Africa．
D．Because they had succeeded in helping the African people solve the network problems．
70．What was the problem in connecting the communities to the Web by satellite？D
A．People in the areas didn't like the Web．
B．The local government couldn't pay for the cost．
C．The government of the United States didn't support the plan．
D．The areas weren't connected to Kenya's electric power supply．

16．Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings．
The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities．It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions，ocean drilling，and ship engines．Such noises are added to natural sounds．These sounds include the breaking of ice fields，underwater earthquakes，and sounds made by animals themselves．
Decibels （分贝） measured in water are different from those measured on land．A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears．In water，a decibel level of one hundred and ninety-five would have the same effect．Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in the oceans．They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales．A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals．
The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing．This seriously affected the whales'ability to exchange information and find their way．Some of the whales even died．The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected．
Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels．They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research．
Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals．However，many scientists don't think that noise is a greater danger than they believed．They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean．

51．According to the passage，which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures？D
A．The sound of cars． B．The sound of voices．
C．The sound of steps   D．Man-made noise pollution．
52．According to the passage，natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT
A．
A．ocean drilling             B．sounds made by animals themselves
C．underwater earthquakes     D．the breaking of ice fields
53．Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph？B
A．Different places may have different types of noises
B．The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean．
C．The decibel is not a right unit （单位） for measuring underwater noise．
D．Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises．
54．Which of the following is true of whales？B
A．They won't be confused by noises．
B．Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises．
C．Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises．
D．They are deaf to noises．
55．According to the passage，what will scientists most probably do in the future？
C
A．They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution．
B．They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels．
C．They will protect animals from harmful noises．
D．They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution．

15．According to a report，more than a million workers will fail to take their full annul leave（年假） this year in UK．That's to say，totally，those workers will give up 6.2 million days of vacation，with an average of five days for each worker．For their employers，they feel happy because that is equal to a potential $500 million of‘free'work，which，according to an economist will boost（使增长） the output of the economy by about two percent．
The report also showed that the main reasons employees give up their remaining annul leave are due to pressures at work and their failing to appreciate that taking a break could make them more productive and，in turn，boost the economy in the long term．
The research，done by price comparison website Travel Supermarket，found that more than one in four of those who will give up their remaining holidays （28 percent） will do so due to pressures at work．Bob Atkinson，travel expert for Travel Supermarket said："As the economy is not so satisfying，it's no surprise that people are cautious to take all their leave，especially if they feel stressed and uncertainty at work．"Nine percent of the 2，020 people surveyed also said they would feel guilty about taking the leave because their work would have to be taken care of by their colleagues．A further three percent said they would be concerned about how taking time off would look to their employer，while the same percentage said they did not want to miss anything interesting or beneficial at work in the time they would be away．
Vicky Redwood，chief UK economist at Capital Economics，said："Suppose that there are about 250 working days in a year，getting an extra five‘free'days of work from their employees could in theory boost the output of the economy by about two percent．On the other hand，if workers are less productive as a result of not getting enough breaks from work，taking all the annual leave，in fact，will perhaps increase the economy．"

46．According to the report，in UK more than a million workersD．
A．will not ask for leave in their working days
B．will take five days leave on average
C．will work 500 million days freely for their employers
D．will not take all their holiday leave this year
47．Which of the following is NOT a reason why employees don't take all their holiday leave？C
A．They have a lot of pressures at work．
B．They don't realize that they will be more productive after taking a break．
C．They are busy and have no time because they have a lot of work to do．
D．They don't think it proper to have their work taken care of by their colleagues．
48．According to the report above，three percent of the people don't take all their holiday leave becauseA．
A．they are worried about their employer's view on their taking holidays
B．they are under great pressure from the work
C．they are afraid of being found by their employers while taking holidays
D．they worry about losing their jobs after taking holidays
49．From what Vicky Redwood said，we can infer thatB．
A．employees'extra five days of work will certainly boost the output of the economy by about two percent．
B．not getting enough breaks from work may cause workers less productive
C．in order to boost output in the economy，employees should give up some holidays
D．the more leave the employees take，the better the economy will become
50．The passage is mainly aboutB．
A．a report about how the workers in UK take their holidays
B．the fact that one million employees in UK don't take all their annual leave
C．how the pressures at work affect the workers in UK
D．reasons why employees give up their right to take holidays．

14．If you are a fan of the Newbery-Award winning book Bridge to Terabithia，then you're going to love author Katherine Paterson's new creation The Day of the Pelican（鹈鹕）．In the book，Paterson takes readers on a journey with 12year-old Meli Lleshi and her Albanian family of seven．
The family lives in Kosovo，in eastern Europe．The country is at war with neighboring Serbia．Eventually，life becomes too dangerous in Kosovo，so the Lleshis have to pack up and move out of their home．To Meli，leaving meant giving up her whole life．She will have to say goodbye to her friends，home，school and Baba's market．Worse，the family's trouble began，in Meli's mind，when she drew a picture of her teacher with a pelican nose and had to stay after school as punishment．
As the Lleshis travel along the road at night，they come across burning homes and other refugees just like them．Living in a tiny tent surrounded by many other people becomes tiring，and but for Baba's and Mama's efforts to keep the family together，the family would probably have given up．Every night，Meli longs to go home and Baba tells her，"Your home is with your family．"With everyone already crowding together for food，now is not the time to complain．The family needs all their courage to keep going．"We have to be very patient and very brave，"Meli says．
Soon，traveling from place to place becomes too much of a hassle（争论） and nearly breaks the family apart．Baba makes an important decision．The family will be moving to an exciting new country．There will be no enemies and no one to run from．They will be able to stay in one place and build a new life．Although Meli still longs for home she wonders if this will finally mean freedom for her family．
The Day of the Pelican is a book you won't be able to put down．Those who enjoy realistic fiction will love this moving story about Meli and her family．

67．What's the author's purpose in writing this passage？C
A．To tell us how happy we are to live a peaceful life．
B．To explain how the Lleshis survived the war．
C．To get us to learn about a new book．
D．To introduce a book Bridge to Terabithia
68．Why did the family move to other countries？B
A．Because they wanted to find well-paid jobs．
B．Because they had to escape from the war．
C．Because Meli and her family needed food．
D．Because they just looked for adventure．
69．The third paragraph is mainly aboutA．
A．Baba's importance during the trip
B．complaints about the life journey
C．various difficulties as travellers
D．ways to get the family together
70．From the passage we can learn thatD．
A．The Day of the Pelican won the Newbery-Award
B．Meli no longer longs for home in the new place
C．the family found the freedom and settled down
D．without Baba's encouragement the family would have broken．

13．

The New York Times announced Wednesday that it intended to charge frequent readers for access to its Web site，a step being debated across the industry that nearly every major newspaper has so far feared to take．
Starting in early 2011，visitors to NYTimes．com will get a certain number of articles free every month before being asked to pay a flat fee for unlimited access．Subscribers（订阅者） to the newspaper's print edition will receive full access to the site．
But executives（执行主管） of The New York Times Company said they could not yet answer fundamental questions about the plan，like how much it would cost or what the limit would be on free reading．They stressed that the amount of free access could change with time，in response to economic conditions and reader demand．
Still，publishers fear that income from digital subscriptions would not compensate for the resulting loss of audience and advertising revenue．
NYTimes．com is by far the most popular newspaper site in the country，with more than 17million readers a month in the United States，according to Nielsen Online，and analysts say it is easily the leader in advertising revenue，as well．That may make it better positioned than other general-interest papers to charge-and also gives The Times more to lose if the move backfires．
The Times Company has been studying the matter for almost a year，searching for common ground between pro-and anti-pay camps-a debate mirrored in dozens of media-watching blogs-and the system will not go into effect until January 2011．Executives said they were not bothered by the prospect of absorbing barbs（冷嘲热讽） for moving cautiously．
"There's no prize for getting it quick，"said Janet L．Robinson，the company's president and chief executive．"There's more of a prize for getting it right．"

72．The first paragraph serves as aC．
A．conclusion B．comment C．lead-in D．background
73．We may know from the passage thatD．
A．non-paying readers will get no access to NYTimes．com
B．readers will be charged more to read more articles on NYTimes．com
C．visitors to NYTimes．com frequently will get more free online articles
D．subscribers to the print edition will enjoy free access to the site as well
74．Which of the following best describes The Times Company's attitude towards its announcement？B
A．rude B．serious C．hurried D．doubtful
75．The passage is mainly aboutD．
A．the Times to offer free access to its web site
B．the Times to increase audience to its web site
C．the Times to attract advertisement to its web site
D．the Times to charge for frequent access to its web site．

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