17．Shopping is not as simple as you may think!There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we rea——青夏教育精英家教网——

17．Shopping is not as simple as you may think!There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we reach out for that particular brand 商标of product on the shelf．
Colouring，for example，varies according to what the producers are trying to sell．Health foods are packaged in greens，yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy colours．Ice cream packets are often blue and expensive goods，like chocolates，are gold or silver．
When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently，researchers found that the colours turned the cusstomers off  because they made the product look weak and ineffective．Eventually，it came on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe，and white as calm．
The size of a product can attract a shopper．But quite often a bottle doesn't contain as much as it appears to．
It is believed that the better-known companies spend，on average，70percent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging!
The most successful producers know that it's not enough to have a good product．The founder of Pears soap，who for 25years has used pretty little girls to promote （推销） their goods，came to the conclusion："Any fool can make soap，but it takes a genius to sell it．"

26．Which of the following may trick a shopper into buying a product according to the text？C
A．The cost of its package．
B．The price of the product．
C．The colour of its package．
D．The brand name of the product．
27．The underlined part"the colours turned the customers off"（in Para.3）means that the coloursB．
A．attracted the customers strongly
B．caused the customers to lose interest
C．tricked the customers into shopping
D．had weak effects on the customers
28．Which of the following is the key to the success in product sales？A
A．The way to promote goods．
B．The discovery of a genius．
C．The team to produce a good product．
D．The brand name used by successful producers．
29．According to the passage，which of the following statement is true？D
A．Making soap is so easy that any fool in the world can make it．
B．Greens，yellows or silver are considered to be healthy colours．
C.25years ago，the founder of Pears soap was a pretty girl herself．
D．The size of a product can have an effect on the shoppers．
30．Which of the following would be the best title for this text？C
A．Choice of Good Products
B．Disadvantages of Products
C．Effect of Packaging on Shopping
D．Brand Names and Shopping Tricks．

16．Last Sunday I witness a traffic accident on my way home．I was wandering down the sidewalk while there went loud crash．Two taxis crashed into each other about ten meters far away．I went up and found the two drivers bad injured，bleeding and trap in the taxis．Luckily，they were rescued on time because people came to help them and called an ambulance．As was clear that the taxi drivers were so eager to take more passengers that they drove too fast．It reflected their lack of concern for the safe of both others and them．

15．My father go fishing alone every Sunday．This morning when we were got up，it was fine．Father decided to go fishing，so mother stopped him，said that it was going to rain according to the weather forecast．She asked him to put off his raincoat，but he did not take her advices．When he got to the river，it was cloud．Soon the rain began to fall heavily and he was caught in it．After she got home，he was wet through．"Did you catch some fish？"asked my mother．"No，but I caught bad cold，"he answered．

14．Mrs．Scott prefers a street in a small town to _________ in such a large city as Shanghai．（　　）

13．That is just _________ challenging job all the workers want to get．Do you have anyone in _________ mind for it？（　　）

12．Though some people insist that English exam should be cancelled，most people consider it ______，saying it will cause greater trouble to education reform．（　　）

11．It is often said that politeness costs nothing．In fact，it seems that a little more courtesy could save businesses￡5billion every year．
Frequently hearing the phrase"thank you"or"well done"means the same to staff as a modest pay rise，researchers say．Praise and encouragement also makes employees more likely to work hard and stay in their jobs，saving on the cost of finding replacements．
A third of 1，000workers surveyed by consulting firm White Water Strategies said they did not get thanked at all when they did well-and a further third said they were not thanked enough．
In both cases，staff said they felt undervalued，meaning they were less likely to exert themselves and were more likely to look for employment elsewhere．
The net result is around￡5.2billion in lost productivity from employees who would raise their game if they felt more appreciated，White Water claimed According to the company，praising staff has the same motivational kick as a 1per cent pay rise-and works out much cheaper for bosses．
Three out of four employees said that regular acknowledgement by their boss was important to them，but only a quarter said they were actually given as much praise as they felt they needed．
The survey found that those in blue-collar and manual jobs were less likely to be given any recognition for doing well．
In regional terms，Scottish staff felt most undervalued．Four out of ten workers said they were never thanked and eight out of ten said they would like more praise．However，workers in the North-East are less impressed by being buttered up by the boss，as only 69per cent said they felt the need to be told"well done"regularly．
Older employees and women need the most reassurance，according to psychologist Averil Leimon，a director of White Water Strategies．She said that words of praise did more than create a pleasant place to work-they could even boost profits．

51．The second paragraph means thatC．
A．employees ask for high pay instead of hearing"thank you"or"well done"
B．bosses always think highly of their employees'work
C．bosses'praise and encouragement are important to workers
D．bosses should praise their workers from time to time
52．Why praise and encouragement are needed according to the passage？D
A．Most bosses feel it necessary
B．Most workers didn't work hard enough．
C．Most bosses can make money from praise and encouragement
D．Most workers will work harder and stay in their jobs from praise and encouragement．
53．According to tiffs passage，the majority of staff feltB．
A．there were thanked enough    B．they were undervalued
C．they got satisfactory pay    D．they didn't need encouragement
54．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？B
A．Blue-collar and manual workers need more regular acknowledgement by their bosses．
B．A third of the workers surveyed by White Water Strategies never got thanked at all when t hey did well．
C．Old employees and women do not need to be appreciated as much as the young．
D．Fewer than 20% of Scotiish felt that they never got thanked．
55．The main idea of the passage is thatA．
A．praise and encouragement may help employees work better
B．workers are always demanding more praise and encouragement
C．bosses in Scotland usually praise and encourage their staff enough
D．if undervalued employees will certainly look for employment elsewhere．

10．If you are afraid of the dark，it's not a big deal．It's perfectly normal to feel afraid After all，animals do too．"Fear matters，"says Karen Warkentin，an ecologist．"It's a good thing，"she adds，"because fear makes you do things that keep you alive．"
Like kids，many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways．A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell．A small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches．
Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect．The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs．Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying red-eyed tree frogs in Costa Rica．
In this species，female frogs attach jellylike clumps（果冻一样的块状物）of their eggs to the undersides of leaves．The leaves hang on branches that dangle（悬挂）over ponds．After they hatch from the eggs，the tadpoles（蝌蚪）then fall into the water，where they eventually grow into
adult frogs．
Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching．If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of schedule．As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape．
If hatching early helps protect red-eyed tree frogs from snakes，you might wonder why their eggs don't always hatch sooner．It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger．Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them too．Staying in their eggs for a full 6 days，then，allows frog embryos（胚胎）to grow big and strong．This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water．

68．It can be inferred from the passage that fears．D
A．help animals grow bigger and stronger
B．are less common among young animals
C．help animals move a lot to fit the environment
D．are more or less important in order for animals to survive
69．We are told in the passage that tree frogsA．
A．face danger both inside their eggs and in the water
B．will grow fast if they fall into the water later
C．are surprisingly clever when inside their eggs
D．stay in their eggs longer if they are frightened
70．What do you think would be discussed in the following paragraph？C
A．Further explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of schedule．
B．How the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them．
C．Another example of animals that responds to fear in an unexpected way．
D．How tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the．

9．We may all have had the embarrassing moment：Getting half-way through a story only to realize that we've told this exact tale before，to the person we're boring with it now．Why do we make such memory mistakes？
According to research published in Psychological Science，it may have to do with the way our brains process different types of memory．
Researchers Nigel Gopie，of the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto，and Colin Macleod，of the University of Waterloo，divided memory into two kinds．The first was source memory，or the ability to keep track of where information is coming from．The second was destination memory，or the ability to recall who we have given information to．
They found that source memory functions better than destination memory，in part because of the direction in which that information is travelling．
To study the differences between source and destination memory，the researchers did an experiment on 60university students，according to a New York Times report．The students were asked to associate 50random （随意的） facts with the faces of 50famous people．Half of the students"told"each fact to one of the faces，reading it aloud when the celebrity's picture appeared on a computer screen．The other half read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterward．
When later asked to recall which facts went with which faces，the students who were giving information out （destination memory） scored about 16percent lower on memory performance compared with the students receiving information （source memory）．
The researchers concluded that out-going information was less associated with its environmental context （背景）----that is，the person----than was incoming information．
This makes sense given what is known about attention．A person who is giving information，even little facts，will devote some mental resources to thinking about what is being said．Because our attention is finite（有限的），we give less attention to the person we are giving information to．
After a second experiment with another group of 40students，the researchers concluded that self-focus is another factor that  undermines destination memory．
They asked half the students to continue giving out random information，while the other told things about themselves．This time around，those who were talking about themselves did 15percent worse than those giving random information．
"When you start telling these personal facts compared with non-self facts，suddenly destination memory goes down more，suggesting that it is the self-focus component （成分） that's reducing the memory，Gopie told Live Science．

66．The point of this article is toC．
A．give advice on how to improve memory
B．say what causes the memory to worsen
C．explain why we repeat stories to the same person
D．introduce different kinds of memories
67．Those who read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterwardA．
A．can memorize more information
B．have worse memory
C．are more likely to repeat stories
D．paid more attention to themselves
68．The person who is giving informationB．
A．may receive little facts
B．focuses more on what he is saying
C．has finite attention
D．says much attention to his own behavior
69．The underlined word"undermines"probably meansA．
A．weakens      B．benefits
C．explains     D．supports
70．What did the scientists conclude from the second experiment？D
A．Destination memory is weaker than source memory．
B．Focusing attention on oneself leads to relatively poor source memory performance．
C．Associating personal experience with information helps people memorize better．
D．Self-focus is responsible for giving information twice or more to the same person．

8．When you think about math，you probably don't think about breaking the law，solving mysteries or finding criminals．But a mathematician in Maryland does，and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find criminals．
People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal （揭示） the identity of the criminal．It's long been believed，for example，that criminals will break the law closer to where they live，simply because it's easier to get around in their own neighborhood．If police see a pattern of robberies in a certain area，they may look for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes．So，the farther away from the area a crime takes place，the less likely it is that the same criminal did it．
But Mike O'Leary，a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland，says that this kind of approach may be too simple．He says that police may get better clues to the location of a criminal's home base by combining these patterns with a city's layout （布局） and historical crime records．
The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets-that is，the kind of stores that might be less difficult to rob．Because these stores are along roads，the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersections are．O'Leary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city．His program also includes information about the people who live in the city，and information about how a criminal's patterns change with age．It's been shown，for example，that the younger the criminal，the closer to home the crime．
Other computer programmers have worked on similar software，but O'Leary's uses more math．The mathematician plans to make his computer program available，free of charge，to police departments around the country．
The program is just one way to use math to fight crime．O'Leary says that criminology-the study of crime and criminals-contains a lot of good math problems．"I feel like I'm in a gold mine and I'm the only one who knows what gold looks like，"he says．"It's a lot of fun．"

61．To find criminals，police usuallyD．
A．check who are on the crime scene
B．seek help from local people
C．depend on new mathematical tools
D．focus on where crimes take place
62．O'Leary is writing a computer program thatC．
A．uses math to increase the speed of calculation
B．tells the identity of a criminal in a certain area
C．provides the crime records of a given city
D．shows changes in criminals'patterns
63．By"I'm the only one who knows what gold looks like"，O'Leary means that heC．
A．is better at finding gold than others
B．is the only one who uses math to make money
C．knows best how to use math to help solve crimes
D．has more knowledge of gold than other mathematicians
64．What do you know about O'Leary according to the passage？B
A．He is a man full of impractical imagination．
B．He is a man full of self-confidence．
C．He is a man who is talkative but lazy．
D．He is a man who doesn't like mathematics．
65．What is the main idea of the text？A
A．Math could help police find criminals．
B．Criminals live near where crimes occur．
C．Crime records could be used to fight crime．
D．Computer software works in preventing crimes．

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