19．Some years ago.a Miami woman walking through an office building noticed two men standing together——青夏教育精英家教网——

19．Some years ago，a Miami woman walking through an office building noticed two men standing together．Several minutes after her leaving，the men murdered a person working in the building．The police determined that the woman was the only witness and could possibly describe them．However，her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear．Several days later，psychologist Ronald Fisher was brought in to obtain a more complete account from the woman．His interview produced a breakthrough-the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects．The important information enabled the police to arrest the suspect and close the case．
The police asked Fisher for help because of his rich knowledge in cognitive （认知的） interview，a kind of memory-rebuilding process．Memory researchers have found that people trying to remember a past event often only recall part of the relevant information．Human memory is selective and it is often distorted by stress．But a person's accurate recall of an event or understanding of a question can be improved using specific interviewing techniques．The"cognitive interview"was developed in the late 1990s．It encourages the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions．
The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words，with no interviewer interruptions．The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques，such as having the witness tell the detail'，of what happened from different perspectives （角度）．
The cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques：thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events； reporting everything that comes to mind about those events，no matter how broken it is； retelling events in a variety of time orders，such as from beginning to end，end to beginning，forward or backward； and adopting different perspectives while recalling events．
Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they obtain nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training，while error rates remain about the same．It is proved that cognitive interviews are quite important tools in improving the accuracy and completeness of witness testimony（证词）．

60．The purpose of the passage is toD．
A．give an account of a murder case
B．help a witness to recall information in a cognitive interview
C．prove Fisher was an expert in cognitive interview
D．introduce an idea of cognitive interview
61．What is required to recall in a cognitive interview for a witness？A
A．The surroundings and feelings at the time of the event．
B．The information about the event in the time order．
C．The important things that come to his or her mind．
D．The exact time at which a murder took place．
62．The key point in a cognitive interview is thatC．
A．the interview should take place outside the police station
B．the interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time
C．the witness is encouraged to take part in recalling information
D．the witness should recall details at the scene of the event
63．The underlined word"distorted"in the passage probably means"A_．"
A．changed B．balanced C．arranged D．examined．

18．Restaurants do not include a service charge in the bill，so you should tip（付小费） the waiter 15% of the total bill．If service is slow or particularly bad，some Americans will tip only 10%．If service is particularly good，it is appropriate to tip 20%．If service is so bad that you will never eat in the restaurant again，leave two cents．This is a deliberate  insult（羞辱），because it tells the waiter that you don't forget to leave a tip．Tipping is only appropriate in restaurants which offer table service．You do not tip the cashier in a fast food restaurant．
Taxi drivers expect to get a tip equal to 15% of the total fare．If the driver is especially helpful or has got you to your destination more quickly than expected，give a 20% tip．
Hotel bellboys expect a﹩1 tip for helping you with your bags．If you order room service，the tip is included in the bill．Coat checkroom attendants expect﹩1 per coat．Hairdressers and barbers expect a tip of 15% of the bill．Parking attendants expect a﹩1 tip．
Federal regulations prohibit letter carriers from accepting cash gifts in any amount，or gifts worth﹩20 or more from customers．
If you are in doubt，ask whether it is appropriate to tip or whether a tip is included in the bill．
Bribery（贿赂） is not considered appropriate and often illegal．Attempting to bribe a policeman will certainly get you arrested．

64．Which of the following cannot get tipsB？
A．A taxi driver．          B．A policeman．
C．A restaurant waiter．    D．A hotel bellboy．
65．The underlined word"deliberate"in Paragraph 1most probably means"A"．
A．intended       B．instant      C．previous     D．careless
66．What's the best title for this textA？
A．Tipping   B．Service   C．Bill   D．Bribery．

17．England has been the birthplace of most of the great English-language theater written throughout history．Most of the plays in England that are truly famous have something in common．They usually come from a playwright（剧作家） with several famous plays．
Shakespeare
William Shakespeare is considered the most famous British playwright．Shakespeare has a large catalog（目录） of tragedies，comedies and history plays，and each category is home to some of the most famous plays ever written．Hamlet，Macbeth，Romeo and Juliet，Othello and Julius Caesar  are all tragedies and performed in theaters around the world every year．Famous comedies include A Midsummer Night's Dream and Much Ado About Nothing．In the history category，RichardⅢand HenryⅤare very famous．
Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw
Several hundred years after Shakespeare，English people began to enjoy the works of Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw．Wilde's plays are still popular now，and The Importance of Being Earnest is both performed and studied extremely frequently．A Woman of No Importance and An Ideal Husband are among his other famous works．Shaw and Wilde were born within a few years of each other，but Shaw was a much more productive writer．His most famous plays include Pygmalion and Candida．Shaw's plays are loved so much that an entire theater company is devoted to performing his work in Niagara-on-the-Lake in southern Ontario．
Harold Pinter
The plays of Harold Pinter certainly have an international presence．His writing was so widely recognized for its importance that he was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 2005．Pinter is especially known for his style of writing．Many of his plays such as Betrayal，The Dumb Waiter and his first play，The Room，are extremely well known．

60．The writer wrote this passage toC．
A．advise us to spend more time enjoying plays
B．explain why England has so many wonderful plays
C．tell us about some famous British playwrights and their works
D．tell us the differences among some British playwrights
61．What do the works in the underlined part in Paragraph 2have in common？B
A．They are all Shakespeare's early works．
B．They are all tragedies written by Shakespeare．
C．They are all Shakespeare's famous comedies．
D．They all belong to the history category of Shakespeare's plays．
62．Which of the following plays were most probably written in the same period of time？C
A．The Dumb Waiter and A Woman of No Importance．
B．RichardⅢand A Woman of No Importance．
C．An Ideal Husband and Candida．
D．Candida and Betrayal．
63．Who was mentioned in this passage that he had received the Nobel Prize because of his writing？D
A．William Shakespeare．    B．Oscar Wilde．
C．George Bernard Shaw．    D．Harold Pinter．

16．Surtsey was born in 1963．Scientists saw the birth of this island．It began at 7.30a．m．on 14th November．A fishing boat was near Iceland．The boat moved under the captain's （船长） feet．He noticed a strange smell．He saw some black smoke．A volcano was breaking out．Red-hotrocks，fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom of the sea．The island grew quickly．It was 10meters high the next day and 60meters high on 18th November．
Scientists flew there to watch it．It was exciting．Smoke and fire were still rushing up．Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea．The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky．
Surtsey grew and grew．Then it stopped in June 1967．It was 175metres high and 2kilometres long．And life was already coming to Surtsey．Plants grew．Birds came Some scientists built a house．They want to learn about this young island．A new island is like a new world．

56．Surtsey isA．
A．an island not far from Iceland    B．a captain
C．a fishing boat                    D．a place in Iceland
57．Scientists flew thereC．
A．to help the captain               B．to save the fishing boat
C．to learn about the island        D．to build a house
58．When did scientists fly to Surtsey？C
A．Before the volcano broke out．
B．As soon as the volcano broke out．
C．About four days after the volcano broke out．
D．After the volcano stopped rushing up．
59．The best title of this article probably isB．
A．A New Island              B．The Birth of an Island
C．A New World              D．Scientists Discovered Surtsey．

15．-Bob，you're absent-minded!
-Oh，I'm sorry I ______ attention to you，Miss Shute．（　　）

14．-Mr．Smith，how does my son Tom behave at school？
-Pretty good，though he ______ be absent-minded occasionally．（　　）

13．Look at the big smile on her face．The job interview successful．（　　）

	A．	must have been		B．	might have been
	C．	should have been		D．	could have been

12．I began working in journalism when I was eight．It was my mother's idea．She wanted me to"make something"of myself，and decided I had better start young if I was to have any chance of keeping up with the competition．
With my load of magazines I headed toward Belleville Avenue．The crowds were there．There were two gas stations on the corner of Belleville and Union．For several hours I made myself highly visible，making sure everyone could see me and the heavy black letters on the bag that said THE SATURDAY EVENING POST．When it was supper time，I walked back home．
"How many did you sell，my boy？"my mother asked．
"None．"
"Where did you go？"
"The corner of Belleville and Union Avenues．"
"What did you do？"
"Stood on the corner waiting for somebody to buy a Saturday Evening Post．"
"You just stood there？"
"Didn't sell a single one．"
"My God，Russell!"
Uncle Allen put in，"Well，I've decided to take the Post．"I handed him a copy and he paid me a nickle（五分镍币）．It was the first nickle I earned．
Afterwards my mother taught me how to be a salesman．I would have to ring doorbells，address adults with self-confidence，and persuade them by saying that no one，no matter how poor，could afford to be without the Saturday Evening Post in the home．
One day，I told my mother I'd changed my mind．I didn't want to make a success in the magazine business．
"If you think you can change your mind like this，"she replied，"you'll become a good-for-nothing．"She insisted that，as soon as school was over，I should start ringing doorbells，selling magazines．Whenever I said no，she would scold me．
My mother and I had fought this battle almost as long as I could remember．My mother，dissatisfied with my father's plain workman's life，determined that I would not grow up like him and his people．But never did she expect that，forty years later，such a successful journalist as me would go back to her husband's people for true life and love．

58．Why did the boy start his job young？C
A．He wanted to be famous in the future
B．The job was quite easy for him．
C．His mother had high hopes for him．
D．The competition for the job was fierce．
59．From the dialogue between the boy and his mother，we learn that the mother wasD．
A．excited
B．interested
C．ashamed
D．disappointed
60．What did the mother do when the boy wanted to give up？A
A．She forced him to continue
B．She punished him．
C．She gave him some money
D．She changed her plan．
61．The phrase"this battle"in the last paragraph refers toB．
A．the war between the boy's parents
B．the arguing between the boy and his mother
C．the quarrel between the boy and his customers
D．the fight between the boy and his father
62．What is the text mainly about？A
A．The early life of a journalist．
B．The early success of a journalist．
C．The happy childhood of the writer．
D．The important role of the writer in his family．

11．One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift．Unlike other gifts，it came without wrap （包装）．
On September 11，1958，Mum gave birth to Richard．After she brought him home from hospital，she put him in my lap，saying，"I promised you a gift，and here it is．"What an honor!I turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own．I played with it day and night．I sang to it．I told it stories．I told it over and over how much I loved it!
One morning，however，I found its bed empty．My doll was gone!I cried for it．Mum wept （抽泣） and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital．It had a fever．For several days，I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as"hopeless"，"pitiful"，and"dying"，which sounded ominous．
Christmas was coming．"Don't expect any presents this year，"Dad said，pointing at the socks I hung in the living room．"If your baby brother lives，that'll be Christmas enough．"As he spoke，his eyes filled with tears．I'd never seen him cry before．
The phone rang early on Christmas morning．Dad jumped out of bed to answer it．From my bedroom I heard him say，"What？He's all right？"He hung up and shouted upstairs．"The hospital said we can bring Richard home．"
"Thank God!"I heard Mum cry．
From the upstairs window，I watched my parents rush out to the car．I had never seen them so happy．And I was also full of joy．What a wonderful day!My baby doll would be home．I ran downstairs．My socks still hung there flat．But I knew they were not empty； they were filled with love!
51．What happened to the author on September 11，1958？B
A．He got a Christmas gift
B．He got a baby brother
C．He became four years old
D．He received a doll．
52．What does the underlined word"ominous"in Paragraph 3probably mean？C
A．Impossible
B．Boring
C．Fearful
D．Difficult．
53．Which word can best describe the feeling of the father when Christmas was coming？D
A．Excitement
B．Happiness
C．Disappointment
D．Sadness．
54．What is the passage mainly about？A
A．A special Christmas gift
B．A sad Christmas day．
C．Memories of a happy family
D．Life with a lovely baby．

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