14．[1]Mandela Day is an annual international day adopted by the United Nations．It is more than a celebration of Nelson Mandela's life and legacy；  it is a global movement to take his life's work into a new century and change our world for the better．
[2]Mandela Day includes a series of events involving entertainment，music，films and community service with the hope of inspiring people around the globe to use their individual power to help change the world around them for the better．A global movement for positive change begins with small actions．As each person acts，they motivate people to change positively，raising awareness and expanding the reach of Mr．Mandela's values-fighting．injustice，helping people in need．On Mandela Day people all over the world，in the workplace，at home and in schools，will be called upon to spend at least 67 minutes of their time doing something useful within their communities，especially among the less fortunate．
[3]Mandela Day will be celebrated on the 18th of July each year．It will give people in South Africa and all over the world the opportunity to _______________________．Each of us can make a small difference simply by giving others a hand．If we all make a difference together，our collective effort  can truly change the world．Mandela Day is a day for all of us to roll up our sleeves and play an active role in building our communities．This is an opportunity for each of us to share Nelson Mandela's vision of a better future for all．
[4]However，to know some political activities of Nelson Mandela surely helps us to understand Mandela Day better．．
66．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2？（ no more than 8 words）Events that happen on Mandela Day．/Different activities to do on Mandela Day．/What people do on Mandela Day
67．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper．words．（ no more than 5 words）do something good for others/help others/the poor/the less fortunate
68．Explain the underlined phrase in Paragraph 3．（ no more than 5 words）get ready to do sth/set out to do sth/get down to doing sth/start/begin to do sth，etc．
69．What would you like to do on Mandela Day？Answers may vary，for example doing something useful within their communities
70．What do you think the writer will talk about if passage continues？（ no more than 10 words）Nelson Mandela's political activities．．
13．When I was a small boy my family was very poor．My father always used his savings to （21）C my mother to visit her parents who lived far away．There was just my younger brother and myself in the house．One evening Dad came home from （22）Band there was no food in the house，not （23）D a piece of bread．Although we were （24）B，my brother and I went to bed without eating anything．
My father had no money，but I knew from the（25）Aon his face that he could not let us have an empty stomach．He （26）Cthe house and about two hours later returned and quickly （27）Dus up．He had in his hand two small potato pies，which he gave us to eat．I don't know where he got the （28）Bbut somehow he （29）Ato get us something to eat．
My father had not eaten and had worked all day （30）Che sat there with great satisfaction watching us eat．This has （31）Bstayed in my mind and left more of an impression than any amount of（32）Dhe may ever have given me．
At that moment，I felt happy knowing that he was there and would not let us （33）A．
I guess the （34）C I am trying to make is that in difficult times it is （35）B not to show weakness but strength and character．If a （36）D is the cement （粘合剂） that holds a family together，then the father is （37）A that strengthens that cement．
It is his values and （38）Cand memories that have carried me forward and helped me to（39）Amy own problems in life．In my own （40）DI have learned that it is the valuable time you spend with your children and the values you give to them that will remain with them always．

21．A．forceB．encourageC．sendD．teach
22．A．hospitalB．workC．schoolD．shop
23．A．quiteB．justC．onlyD．even
24．A．nervousB．hungryC．sleepyD．busy
25．A．worryB．pleasureC．disappointmentD．surprise
26．A．cleanedB．observedC．leftD．searched
27．A．broughtB．putC．calledD．woke
28．A．chanceB．foodC．supportD．recipe
29．A．managedB．decidedC．agreedD．waited
30．A．soB．orC．butD．and
31．A．normallyB．alwaysC．shortlyD．softly
32．A．costB．timeC．salaryD．money
33．A．sufferB．knowC．leaveD．cry
34．A．decisionB．promiseC．pointD．apology
35．A．strangeB．importantC．difficultD．common
36．A．fatherB．brotherC．sisterD．mother
37．A．somethingB．anythingC．everythingD．nothing
38．A．wordsB．recordsC．actionsD．failures
39．A．work outB．carry outC．run intoD．look into
40．A．opinionB．homeC．orderD．turn
12．There has been much discussion recently about reducing the weight of English in China's high-stake tests such as the national college entrance examination．It is argued by some applauding the recent change to reduce the importance of English in tests so that it will lead students to focus more on learning Chinese．The TV program Writing in Chinese has exposed the problem that students and the general public cannot write in Chinese as they used to do．
Some blame the design of the curriculum for giving English an equal or greater amount of emphasis，which might have contributed to the failure in teaching Chinese．But this is probably not a fair accusation since children in English speaking countries cannot spell either．
I doubt that studying English in itself hurts the study of Chinese．In fact，high achievers in English or another foreign language are more likely to be high achievers in Chinese．It has been proved many times in recent Chinese history that those capable of using a foreign language are also masters in their mother tongue．Qian Zhongshu，Lu Xun and Lin Yutang are just a few examples．
Another trend of thought for curriculum reform is related to the perception of"worth"．It is true that English is one of the subjects that students do spend too much time on，with pitiful results．This makes some doubt if it is worth giving it priority．But this is not a sound argument either as students still need to study things that matter more to their future in spite of challenges learning English presents to them．
Improvements in Chinese language education should not be achieved by sacrificing another important subject．There should be a robust（健康的） foreign language education program，as a foreign language improves a student's future job prospects．Bashing（抨击） English education as a waste of time or using it as a goat for failures in Chinese education are both harmful tendencies．
To be constructive，we ought to start a dialogue on ways to make improvements in learning outcomes so that students'time learning English is spent more effectively．There are a few things that could improve English education，such as assessment design，learner motivation and teaching style，
I am sure there are many other areas where changes can greatly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of English learning．The public discourse at present is a little oversimplified．People are arguing for or against English having less weight in major tests，when the dialogue should be taken a step further，to the improvement of learning or teaching methods that may benefit the teaching of other subjects as well，Chinese included．

63．In paragraph 3 Qian Zhongshu，Lu Xun and Lin Yutang are mentioned toB．
  A．show respect for their capabilities of learning languages
  B．prove English and Chinese are not contradictory
  C．confirm the importance of learning English in China
  D．tell the readers English Education is to blame
64．According to the passage，which of the following statements is right？C
  A．The TV program Writing in Chinese is very popular at present．
  B．Good results of learning English are not worth so much time．
  C．Some are in favor of attaching less importance to English in exams．
  D．Sacrificing English can improve Chinese language education．
65．In the writer's opinion，what should be done to solve the argument？D
  A．Increasing time spent in learning Chinese．
  B．Increasing time spent in learning English．
  C．Reducing the weight of English in examinations．
  D．Improving the learning outcomes effectively．
66．Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage？A
A．English education is still important in China．
B．Chinese education is more important in China．
C．English contributes to the failure in teaching Chinese              
D．Ways to make improvements in learning Chinese．
11．For many students in the UK today，deciding whether or not to go to university can be as much about affordability as it is about ambition and aspiration．
In the past，students in the UK could apply to a university or college．They were sure that even if they came from a low income family，their tuition fees and some of their living （or maintenance） costs would be covered by a local authority grant（拨款）．A university education was，in a financial sense，open to all and the number of students attending university grew yearly．
Sadly，it seems，those days are long gone．The turning point came in 1998，when the Labour Government introduced tuition fees of￡1，000 a year and，instead of giving students a maintenance grant，asked them to cover their own living expenses with a repayable student loan．Only students on the lowest incomes were entitled to a grant．
The flood gates had been opened．As time passed，the ceiling on tuition fees rose，and although applicants from Scotland，Northern Ireland and Wales still qualified for varying levels of subsidy（补贴），by 2009/10 students in England often found themselves facing tuition fees over￡3，000 a year．
In 2011 the Government announced that，from 2012，universities could charge fees of up to￡9，000 a year．Although the Government sweetened the pillby stating that postgraduates did not have to begin repaying their student loans until they were earning more than￡21，000 a year，the news created over-dissatisfaction．Many students argued that it was unfair that students should have to begin their work life loaded with huge debt，while others complained that the changes would bring back a class divide to university education．These views were reflected in the number of students applying for a university place，which by January 2012 fell by more than 22，000．The Universities Minister，David Willetts，stood by the decision to increase tuition fees，saying that they would not"put universities'finance on a bearable footing"and that they would accelerate"a stronger focus on high quality teaching．"

56．From the first paragraph，we can infer thatCin attending university．
A．affordability plays more important roles than ambition and aspiration
B．ambition and aspiration are more important than affordability
C．affordability is as important as ambition and aspiration
D．ambition and aspiration make a greater difference
57．We can put the sentence"But the biggest change was still to come"at the beginning of ParagraphD
A.2           
B.3           
C.4           
D.5
58．The underlined part"sweetened the pill"in the last paragraph possibly meansB
A．made a sweet pill                
B．made the change appear good
C．increased the pill                   
D．reduced the pill
59．The writerBthe change about university education fees．
A．is in favor of                       
B．is opposed to
C．takes no notice of                   
D．is neither for nor against．
10．My wife and I moved into our home two years ago．We had a yard with a lot of（41）C．Very often when we have flowers，Denise or I would plant some between the rocks，just to add some（42）Ato the area．
   Last summer，I found a tiny little（43）Din the yard that I could not immediately identify．I knew I didn't plant it and Denise said she didn't either．We decided to let it（44）Bgrowing until we could find out what it was．
   Weeks passed and as I made my way back to the（45）Cplant，it appeared to be a sunflower．I decided to（46）Athe weeds around it．As I pulled rocks from the area to get to the weeds，I noticed something（47）D．The sunflower had not（48）Bwhere I saw it begin．It actually had begun under a big（49）Cand grown under and around it to reach the（50）C．
   That's when I（51）Athat if a tiny little sunflower didn't let a big rock stand in its（52）Bof developing，we too have the ability of doing the same thing．If we（53）Dourselves like that little sunflower，we can reach where we（54）Cto go and get what we need for growth．）
   We need to believe in ourselves knowing we have the（55）A to achieve our goals．Like the（56）B，it knew it had the ability to get over the rocks because it had（57）Din itself that it would succeed．Stand tall like the sunflower and be（58）Cwho and what we are，then the environment will begin to（59）Aus．We will find a way to go under or（60）Bany"rocks"in order to reach our goals．

41．A．flowersB．insectsC．rocksD．vegetables
42．A．colorB．waterC．fertilizerD．shape
43．A．weedB．seedC．rockD．plant
44．A．stopB．continueC．improveD．escape
45．A．weakB．lonelyC．strangeD．pretty
46．A．removeB．tendC．watchD．collect
47．A．wonderfulB．terribleC．valuableD．unusual
48．A．passedB．startedC．leftD．died
49．A．treeB．tableC．rockD．wall
50．A．airB．topC．sunD．house
51．A．realizedB．doubtedC．regrettedD．hoped
52．A．placeB．wayC．courseD．process
53．A．fill inB．put inC．worry aboutD．believe in
54．A．forgetB．hateC．aimD．wait
55．A．abilityB．wishC．planD．idea
56．A．yardB．sunflowerC．homeD．summer
57．A．energyB．virtueC．courageD．faith
58．A．aware ofB．afraid ofC．proud ofD．tired of
59．A．supportB．affectC．upsetD．forgive
60．A．intoB．aroundC．throughD．from．
9．（Reuters）-At least 115 miners were pulled alive from a flooded coal mine in north China after being trapped for over a week，eating bark to survive，prompting extremely happy officials to hail their survival a miracle．
Officials said 153 miners were trapped in the unfinished Wangjialing mine，belonging to two of China's larger state-owned firms in Xiangning，Shanxi Province，after water gushed （喷，涌） into the shafts last Sunday．
Late on Sunday night and throughout Monday，the survivors were pulled out from a platform，where the rescuers had drilled a vertical hole to ensure oxygen in the water-flooded pit and send down bags of glucose （葡萄糖）．Thirty-eight miners were still missing．
"It is a miracle，"said Luo Lin，head of the State Administration of Work Safety．"The trapped miners stayed so firmly determined down the mine shaft，passing through eight days and eight nights to live．"The workers also survived by eating bark from pine wood used in building the mines，Chinese television said．
The government had succeeded in encouraging thousands of rescue workers to pump out water and search for the miners．After that，the water level dropped low enough for rescue workers to enter the shaft．
It was rare good news in China's dangerous coal-mining industry，the deadliest in the world with thousands killed every year in floods，explosions，collapses and other accidents．Shanxi Province is the heartland of that industry．
Strong demand for energy and not strict safety standards have made China's mines often deadly places to work，despite a government drive to clamp down on （对…进行压制或取缔） small，unsafe operations where most accidents occur．
Workers are tempted into （被诱惑去） the mines by wages that can be much higher than for many other jobs open to blue-collar workers and rural migrants．
China has consolidated （合并） or taken over many private mines，which has helped cut accidents．According to official statistics，the number of people killed in Chinese coal mines dropped to 2，631 in 2009，an average of seven a day，from 3，215 in 2008．But the deadliest accidents are not limited to private firms．

81．According to the second paragraph，what caused the serious accident？（no more than 6 words）Water gush into the shafts
82．How did the rescuers manage to send down oxygen and bags of glucose into the pit？（no more than 5 words）By drilling a vertical hole
83．According to the passage，what measures does the government take to help cut accidents？（no more than 13 words）Clamping down on small，unsafe operations，consolidating or taking over many private mines．
84．What is the news about？（no more than 12 words）115 miners'surviving after being trapped over a week．
8．We are not who we think we are．
The American self-image is suffused with the golden glow of opportunity．We think of the United States as a land of unlimited possibility，not so much a classless society but as a place where class is mutable-a place where brains，energy and ambition are what counts，not the circumstances of one's birth．
The Economic Mobility Project，an ambitious research initiative led by Pew Charitable Trusts，looked at the economic fortunes of a large group of families over time，comparing the income of parents in the late 1960s with the income of their children in the late 1990s and early 2000s．Here is the finding："The'rags to riches'story is much more common in Hollywood than on Main Street．Only 6percent of children born to parents with family income at the very bottom move to the top．
That is right，just 6 percent of children born to parents who ranked in the bottom fifth of the study sample，in terms of income，were able to bootstrap their way into the top fifth．Meanwhile，an incredible 42percent of children born into that lowest quintile are still stuck at the bottom，having been unable to climb a single rung of the income ladder．
It is noted that even in Britain-a nation we think of as burdened with a hidebound class system-children who are born poor have a better chance of moving up．When the three studies were released，most reporters focused on the finding that African-Americans born to middle-class or upper middle-class families are earning slightly less，in inflation-adjusted dollars，than did their parents．
One of the studies indicates，in fact，that most of the financial gains white families have made in the past three decades can be attributed to the entry of white women into the labor force．This is much less true for African-Americans．
The picture that emerges from all the quintiles，correlations and percentages is of a nation in which，overall，"the current generation of adults is better off than the previous one"，as one of the studies notes．
The median income of the families in the sample group was 55，600inthelate1960s；theirchildren'smedianfamilyincomewasmeasuredat71，900．However，this rising tide has not lifted all boats equally．The rich have seen far greater income gains than have the poor．
Even more troubling is that our notion of America as the land of opportunity gets little support from the data．Americans move fairly easily up and down the middle rungs of the ladder，but there is"stickiness at the ends"-four out of ten children who are born poor will remain poor，and four out often who are born rich will stay rich．

74．What did the Economic Mobility Project find in its research？C
A．Children from low-income families are unable to bootstrap their way to the top．
B．Hollywood actors and actresses are upwardly mobile from rags to riches．
C．The rags to riches story is more fiction than reality．
D．The rags to riches story is only true for a small minority of whites．
75．It can be inferred from the undertone of the writer that America，as a classless society，shouldA．
A．perfect its self-image as a land of opportunity
B．have a higher level of upward mobility than Britain
C．enable African-Americans to have exclusive access to well-paid employment
D．encourage the current generation to work as hard as the previous generation
76．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？B
A．The US is a land where brains，energy and ambition are what counts．
B．Inequality persists between whites and blacks in financial gains．
C．Middle-class families earn slightly less with inflation considered．
D．Children in lowest-income families manage to climb a single rung of the ladder．
77．What might be the best title for this passage？D
A．Social Upward Mobility．
B．Incredible Income Gains．
C．Inequality in Wealth．
D．America Not Land of Opportunity．
7．Every night，my mother would come to my room，lean down and push my long hair out of the way，then kiss my forehead．
I don't remember when it first started （16）C me---her hands pushing my hair that way．But it did make me annoyed，for they felt work-worn and（17）Aagainst my young skin．Finally，one night，I shouted at her："Don't do that any more-your （18）D are too rough!"She didn't say anything in （19）C．But never again did my mother close out my day with that（20）Bexpression of her love．
Time after time，with the（21）Dyears，my thoughts returned to that night．I'm not a little girl any more．Mom is in her mid-seventies，and those hands I （22）D thought to be so rough are still doing things for me and my （23）A．
Now，my own children are（24）B．Mom no longer has Dad．It was late on that Thanksgiving Eve，as I went to sleep in the bedroom of my youth，a familiar hand （25）B before stealing across my face to brush the （26）Afrom my forehead．Then a kiss（27）C touched my brow．In my （28）A，thousands of times，I（29）Dthe night my young voice complained．（30）CMom's hand in my hand，I said how（31）BI was for that night．I thought she'd remember，as I did，（32）DMom didn't know what I was talking about．She had forgotten-and （33）C-long ago．
That night，I fell asleep with a new （34）Bfor my gentle mother and her caring hands．And the（35）A I had carried around for so long was nowhere to be found．

16．A．surprisingB．hurtingC．annoyingD．amazing
17．A．roughB．gentleC．smoothD．strong
18．A．noisesB．wordsC．feelingsD．hands
19．A．angerB．silenceC．replyD．fear
20．A．healthyB．familiarC．popularD．perfect
21．A．comingB．remainingC．approachingD．passing
22．A．oftenB．evenC．neverD．once
23．A．familyB．neighborC．husbandD．home
24．A．developedB．grownC．movedD．forgotten
25．A．imaginedB．hesitatedC．regrettedD．trembled
26．A．hairB．tearsC．dirtD．kisses
27．A．quicklyB．roughlyC．gentlyD．slowly
28．A．memoryB．opinionC．historyD．diary
29．A．chancedB．missedC．hatedD．recalled
30．A．BeatingB．PickingC．CatchingD．Stopping
31．A．happyB．sorryC．annoyedD．amused
32．A．andB．whileC．becauseD．but
33．A．rememberedB．fadedC．forgivenD．apologized
34．A．hopeB．appreciationC．thoughtD．approval
35．A．guiltB．prideC．sorrowD．failure．
6．However important we may regard school life to be，there is no denying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom．Therefore，the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher．They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and frustrate curricular objectives．
Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools．Many principles have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program，manuscript writing and developmental mathematics．Moreover，the classroom teacher，with the permission of the supervisors，can also play an important role in enlightening parents．The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year，as well as new ways of reporting pupils'progress，can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home．
To illustrate，suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night．In a friendly interview，the teacher can help the parent sublimate （升华） his natural paternal interest into productive channels．He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget，buying the food，using a standard or measuring cup at home，setting the clock，calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis．
If the father follows the advice，it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics，and at the same time，enjoying the work．Too often，however，teachers'conferences with parents are devoted to petty （不重要的） accounts of children's misdeeds，complaints about laziness and poor work habits，and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home．
What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher，as a professional adviser，plants ideas in parents'minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom．
In this way，the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters'capacities．
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements with NO MORE THAN 14WORDS）

78．Why do parents also have great influence on children？Because their children spend more time with them than with the teacher．
79．Through which ways can the teacher play an important role in enlightening parents？Through informal tea，interviews and reporting pupil's progress．
80．According to the teacher，that parent should let the boyengage in activities that have a mathematical basis if he wants to sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels in teaching his son arithmetic．
81．A more creative approach is needed forthe best utilization of the many hoursof children out of classroom．
5．Are you an optimist？Do you look at your glass and see it as half full？Do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that things generally turn out for the best？Do you believe that if something is meant to be，it will be？If you reply"yes"to all of these questions，then you are an optimist．You probably are enthusiastic，cheerful and outgoing．You may be successful at work and in love．
But you may be misguided because things don't turn out for the best．You may believe that when one door closes another one opens （for example，you may fail to obtain a new job； another chance will come around soon）．Wrong．When one door closes，another door slams （砰然关上） in your face．That's bitter reality．
Now a book has been published which confirms what pessimists （悲观者） have suspected all along．It's called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism．Its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results．Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear，anxiety and worry．Defensive pessimists prepare for the things by setting low outcomes for themselves．They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems．And this gives them a sense of control．Lawrence Sanno，a psychology professor，says，"What's interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people，so their low opinion of the situation's outcomes is not realistic．They use it to motivate themselves to perform better．"
So far，so good．This is not rocket science．Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong，whether at work，on date or even in a sports game．It makes sense to have a back-up plan．There are many sayings in English urging caution．For example，"Don't put all your eggs in one basket．"And"Don't count your chickens until they hatch．"To have a confident and optimistic approach to life's problems is good．But listen to what Woody Alien，the American comedian says，"Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem．"
There are pros and cons（利与弊） to being an optimist and a pessimist．Don't feel bad if you see the glass half empty．You are a realist．But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full．

74．What's the passage mainly about？A
A．The benefits of defensive pessimism．
B．A book that has recently been published．
C．The dangers of being too optimistic．
D．How to become successful in life．
75．The underlined sentence"This is not rocket science"（Para.4）meansB．
A．there is no real proof              
B．it is quite simple to understand
C．the cost is not so high  
D．it's not a dangerous thing to do
76．Which of the following English expressions would a defensive pessimist believe？C
A．Whatever will be，will be．
B．The glass is half full not half empty．
C．Don't put all your eggs in one basket．
D．Every cloud has a silver lining．
77．We can infer from the passage that the writer is probablyA．
A．a realist    B．an optimist    C．a defeatist  D．a scientist．
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