16．Rats are dirty.cunning and evil-in Chinese culture.at least．But a study published in early Decemb——青夏教育精英家教网—

16．Rats are dirty，cunning and evil-in Chinese culture，at least．But a study published in early December in the journal Science suggests that rats can in fact be helpful，caring animals and can empathize（同情） with their rodent （啮齿动物） friends．
Researchers from the University of Chicago kept two rats together for two weeks so that they could get to know each other．After this，one of the rats was put into a small clear cage，which could be opened from the outside．The other rat was left to run freely outside the cage．
The free rat seemed worried when it saw its friend was trapped．It cireled the eat digging and biting it．After a few days it finally figured out how to open the door．It released its friend and appeared to be excited，running happily after the trapped rat．
Researchers then did the same experiment on more rats．They found that the rats learned to open the cage faster if there was another rat trapped in it than if it was empty．By the end of the experiment，only five out of the 40 rats had learned to open an empty cage．Twenty-three out of 30 rats has learned to open the cage to free another rat．
To test just how"carring"a rat could be，researchers then has the rats choose whether to"rescue"a trapped rat or a piece of chocolate．This time the rats were equally likely to free a rat as they were to free the sweets．Inbal Ben-Ami Bartal led the study．"The most shocking thing is they left some of the chocolate for the other rat，"he said．
Scientists have always known that empathy（共鸣）is not unique to humans．It has been proven that apes also feel the emotions of other apcs．However，said Jean Decety，one of the co-authors of the study，"this is the first evidence of helping behavior triggered（激发）by empathy in rats．"
49．What is the main point of the first paragraph？B
    A．To describe how rats are viewed in Chinese culture．
    B．To introduce a new discovery about rats．
    C．To prove that people have got the wrong idea about rats．
    D．To draw people's attention to rats．
50．What did scientists discover in the experiment？D
    A．A free rat was excited when it saw another rat being trapped．
    B．Five percent of the rats learned to open an empty cage．
    C．Smart rats can learn to release another rat in a few hours．
    D．Most rats learned to open the cage to free another rat．
51．When a rat and a piece of chocolate were trapped in different cages，C．
    A．the rats outside couldn't decide which to release first
    B．more rats wanted to free their friend
    C．some of the rats even shared the chocolate with their friend
    D．the rats opened the cages faster to free the other rat than to free the chocolate
52．Which of the following statements is TURE？A
    A．This is the first time that rats have been found to have empathy．
    B．Rats are similar to human beings in many ways．
    C．More evidence might be needed to prove this idea．
    D．Scientists believe that only humans have empathy．

15．How good are you at saying"no"？For many，it's surprisingly difficult．This is especially true of editors，who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do．Consider these scenes：
It's late in the day．That front-page package you've been working on is nearly complete； the last editing and it's finished．Then enters the chief editor，who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box．You want to scream："No!It's done!"What do you do？
The first rule of saying no to the boss is‘don't say no，．He probably has something in mind when he makes the suggestion，and it's up to you to find out what．The second rule is'don't raise the risks by challenging his authority，．That issue is already decided．The third rule is‘be ready to put forward choices and consequences，．The boss's suggestion might be appropriate，but there are always consequences．He might not know about the pages backing up that need attention，or about the designer who had to go home sick．Tell him he can have what he wants，hut explain the consequences．Understand what he's trying to accomplish and propose（提议）a Flan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far．
Here's another case．Your least-favorite reporter suggests a silly story idea．This one should be easy，but it's not．If you say no，even politely，you risk holding back further ideas，not just from that reporter，but from others who heard that you turned down the idea．This case is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter（过滤）story suggestions．
Two steps are necessary．First，you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed．Reporters can bear rejection of their ideas if they believe they are given a fair hearing．Your natural reaction and strong rejection，even of a worthless idea，might not qualify as systematic or fair．
Second，the people you work with need to make a"What if"．？，agreement covering‘‘What if my idea is turned down？，How are people expected to react？Is there an appeal process？Can they perfect the idea and resubmit it？By imagining"What if…？"situations before they happen，you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of opposition．
50．This passage is mainly aboutD．
A．the cases where ideas are rejected
B．the ways to give different opinions
C．the skills of saying no
D．the methods for solving disagreements
51．Instead of directly refusing your boss's suggestion，you shouldB．
A．pretend that you are sick
B．seek what he is thinking about
C．state that your design is quite perfect
D．ask him to give the reason for his suggestion
52．By saying"This one should be easy…"（Paragraph 4），the writer means it's easy toD
A．understand the silly story idea
B．let others politely say no
C．fool your least-favorite reporter
D．turn down that reporter's idea
53．Why is it important to set up a system for stories to be proposed and reviewed？D
A．To allow reporters enough time to change their attitude．
B．To develop reporters5 strong sense of fairness．
C．To encourage reporters to give valuable ideas．
D．To guarantee reporters chances to give further explanations．
54．What is conveyed in the last paragraph？A
A．Sometimes we may view a problem from another angle．
B．We may relax ourselves by raising questions when we're in trouble．
C．"What if …？"situations help improve our relationship with others．
D．It's almost impossible for others to accept our ideas at once．

14．Recently，the documentary（纪录片）"A Bite of China"，which takes the fine foods as the theme，has beaten many TV series，becoming extremely popular on the microblog（微博）and turning into the hottest topic．Chinese people are proud of the great food culture of China and some even praise the documentary by saying that"it is a best video that arouses our great love of our country"．
Produced by Chen Xiaoqing，an award-winning documentary maker，"A Bite of China"is filled with mouthwatering images of food ranging from royal cooking to local specialties．It focuses on the beautiful and simplified process of food making and attracts food lovers and ordinary audiences．
"Television is filled with food these days，especially introductions by some professional cooks，even famous TV hosts．We also have some scenes of food-making，but how to create dishes is only one aspect of food culture，"Chen says．
"The program tries to bring something new by presenting more cultural elements related to dishes，such as eating habits and eating principles，"he adds．
Each series lasts 50 minutes．Every series will focus on different people，who will tell stories about their adventures with food．"A Bite of China"also focuses on social changes while presenting food cultures，such as the dispersion of families that leave the elderly in their hometowns while other members work outside．In such cases food serves as reminders of happy times and expectations of reunions．
54．Which of the foliowing statements is NOT true according to the passage？D
A．The documentary has many different characteristics．
B．The documentary is not only about food making．
C．The documentary also involves social problems．
D．The documentary usually lasts fifty minutes．
55．What does the underlined word"dispersion"probably mean？B
A．connection
B．separation
C．communication
D．immigration
56．The purpose of the passage is to C
A．attract more people to enjoy Chinese food
B．make people know more about Chinese food
C．introduce a popular TV program
D．deal with some social problems．

13．It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents．They say that their parents don't understand them．They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways，that they are too serious and too strict with their children，and that they seldom give their children a free hand．
It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children's trust and they tend（倾向） to forget how they themselves felt when young．
For example，young people like to act on the spot without much thinking．It is one of their ways to show that they have grown up and they can face any difficult situation．Old people worry more easily．Most of them plan things in advance，at least in the back of their minds，and do not like their plans to be upset by something unexpected．
When you want your parents to let you do something，you will have better success if you ask before you really start doing it．
Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes，in entertainment and in music．But they do not mean to cause any trouble； it is just that they feel cut off from the older people's world，into which they have not yet been accepted．That's why young people want to make a new culture of their own，and if their parents don't like their music or entertainment or clothes or their way of speech，this will make the young people extremely happy．
Sometimes you are so proud of yourself that you do not want your parents to say"yes"to what you do．All you want is to be left alone and do what you like．It is natural enough，after being a child for so many years，when you were completely under your parents'control．
If you prefer to control your life，you'd better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you．If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility，they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do．

32．According to the text，young people prefer to D．
A．ask for advice before they really start to do anything
B．think in the same way as their parents do
C．be very strict with themselves
D．do things without thinking carefully ahead
33．Why do young people like to have clothes，entertainment and music in their way？AA．Because they want to try on something new and look different from the older．
B．Because they try to get their parents to be proud of them．
C．Because they want to give their parents a big surprise．
D．Because they want to test whether they are cleverer than old people．
34．According to the text，young people want to make a new culture of their own，because C．
A．they feel they are cleverer than old people
B．they do not want to get into trouble with their parents
C．they don't feel they belong to the world of the old people
D．they want to show the new is better than the old
35．If a young man intends to control his own life，it's better for him to B．
A．do everything according to his own wish
B．hold himself responsible for everything he does
C．do everything beyond his parents'control
D．do everything the way his parents do．

12．Five or six years ago，I attended a lecture on the science of attention．A professor who conducts（主持）research over in the medical school was talking about attention blindness，the basic feature（特征）of the human brain that，when we concentrate on one task，causes us to miss just about everything else．Because we can't see what we can't see，our lecturer was determined to catch us in the act．He had us watch a video of six people tossing （投掷） basketballs back and forth，three in white shirts and three in black，and our task was to keep track only of the tosses among the people in white．The tape rolled，and everyone began counting．
Everyone except me．I'm dyslexic （患阅读困难症的），and the moment I saw that tape with the confusing basketball tossers，I knew I wouldn't be able to keep track of their movements，so I let my mind wander．I became curious，though，when about 30seconds into the tape，a gorilla （大猩猩） walked in among the players．She （we later learned a female student was in the gorilla suit） stared at the camera，beat her chest with her fist，and then went away while they continued passing the balls．
When the tape stopped，the professor asked how many people had counted at least a dozen basketball tosses．Hands went up all over．He then asked who had counted 13，14，and congratulated those who'd scored the perfect 15．Then he asked，"And who saw the gorilla？"
I raised my hand and was surprised to discover I was the only person at my table and one of only three or four in the large room to do so．He'd set us up，trapping us in our own attention blindness．Yes，there had been a trick，but he wasn't the one who had played it on us．By concentrating so hard on counting，we had managed to miss the gorilla in the midst．
Attention blindness is the fundamental organizing principle of the brain，and I believe that it presents us with a great opportunity．My take is different from that of many neural（神经学）scientists：Where they see the shortcomings of the individual，I sense an opportunity for cooperation．Fortunately，given the interactive（互动的） nature of most of our lives in the digital age，we have the tools to control our different forms of attention and take advantage of them．
It's not easy to admit that everything we've learned about how to pay attention means that we've been missing everything else．It's not easy for us logical，intelligent，confident types to admit that the very key to our success-our ability to discover a problem and solve it，an achievement obtained in all those years in school and beyond-may be exactly what limits us．No one ever told us that our way of seeing left out everything else．

32．Which of the following is true about the writer when the tape was played？B
A．The writer was confused by basketball tossers in white and black．
B．The writer had difficulty keeping track of the tossers'movements．
C．The writer showed great curiosity about what the players tossing．
D．The writer tried hard to stop her mind from wandering．
33．Which of the following may the writer agree with according to the last paragraph？C
A．Attention blindness means that we've been missing everything else，although it is not easy to admit．
B．Learning about how to pay attention means having the ability to succeed．
C．Something may be missing although we have been learning to pay attention to everything．
D．Our achievements may be exactly what limits us with attention blindness．
34．The word underlined"take"in paragraph 5most probably means A．
A．understanding B．impression C．sense D．assumption
35．In the writer's opinion，attention blindness C．
A．should be viewed as a shortcoming of the individual
B．might be overcome if we can discover problems and solve them
C．makes it possible for us to work together for a shared purpose
D．helps us to become logical，intelligent and confident types of people．

11．I have a memory of being about five years old，picking up a beautiful grilled（烧烤的）  cheese sandwich made for me by my hard-working mother and turning it over to see that the  other side was burned．Suddenly，what I thought was the perfect sandwich was not so perfect．Mom had tried to hide that fact from me．There was no question；I ate it anyway without complaining．However，that moment has stuck in my mind for many years．Now，at the age of 43as a mother of two children and as a biology professor where I am routinely the"academic mother"of hundreds of students every year，I find that I believe in The Grilled Cheese Principle．Here is what I mean．
Making a grilled cheese sandwich is easy，right？But when I think of how many burned grilled cheese sandwiches I have eaten，or I have made myself，I realize that most of the grilled  cheese sandwiches I have known have had at least one burned side．The thing is that although it  is a relatively easy thing to make I can also easily lose focus，and before long the sandwich is  burned．For my mother，the first side was usually perfect and the second side got burned due to  her being distracted．For me，I have tended to burn the first side，but then I more carefully monitor the second side．Either way，the grilled cheese sandwich suffers because it has not been given the attention it deserves．
So，I have learned that even the simplest task deserves my full attention．When I am  multi-tasking，I am doing none of the tasks well．And when I allow myself to be distracted，I am not in the present moment-not paying attention to the small details of living or enjoying the process．
So now，I believe the best way to make a perfect grilled cheese sandwich is to make only one at a time and give it my full attention．

24．How did the writer react to the sandwich with burned side？D
A．He ate it with full complaints．
B．He showed no interest．
C．He thought it was still perfect．
D．He was deeply impressed with it．
25．What does The Grilled Cheese Principle mean？A
A．Even simple things deserve full attention．
B．Losing focus makes the sandwich burned．
C．Self-made sandwiches are always burned．
D．we should make only one sandwich at a time．
26．Which one can replace the underlined word"monitor"？B
A．serve
B．watch
C．burn
D．sell
27．What does the writer want to tell us？D
A．Never do multi-tasks．w
B．Learn to appreciate the burned sandwiches．
C．Nothing is perfect．
D．Devote yourself to one thing at a time．

10．It is good to get in touch with your inner child from time to time，and obviously some people are willing to pay big money for the chance to do so in a proper environment．A Brooklyn-based adult preschool is charging customers between 333and999for the chance to act like a kid again．
At Preschool Mastermind in New York adults get to participate in show-and-tell，arts-and-crafts such as finger paint，games like musical chairs and even take naps．The month-long course also has class picture day where the adults are expected to have a field trip and a parent day．
30-year-old Michelle Joni Lapidos，the brain behind the adult preschool，studied childhood education and has always wanted to be a preschool teacher．She's always on the lookout for new ways to get people in touch with the freedom of childhood．A friend encouraged her to start the mastermind course instead．
According to Candice，her blogger friend，Preschool Mastermind gives adults a chance to relearn and master the things that they failed to understand as children．"I realized all the significances of what we learn in preschool，"said founder Michelle Joni，"People come here and get in touch with their inner child．It's magical．We are bringing ourselves back to another place，another time with ourselves when we are more believing in ourselves，more confident and ready to take on the world．"
"One person's here because they want to learn not to be so serious．"Michelle said．"Another's here to learn to be more confident．"She explained that most of the classes were planned．However，Joni added that while the planned activities were fun，it was often the spontaneous（自发的）moments that attracted students．"It's the things you don't plan for，the sharing between friends and learning from each other．"

24．What is the purpose of Preschool Mastermind？A
A．To give adults a chance to return to childhood．
B．To help parents understand their children better．
C．To provide practical training courses for teachers．
D．To introduce some ways of playing with children．
25．What is mainly discussed about Preschool Mastermind in Paragraph 2？B
A．Its customers．
B．Its activities．
C．Its environment．
D．Its schedule•
26．According to Candice，people come to this program to D．
A．enjoy freedom of thinking
B．realize their childhood dreams
C．discover their inner abilities
D．figure out childhood puzzles
27．What do we know about Michelle Joni？C
A．She used to be a preschool teacher．
B．She likes to make plans in advance．
C．She founded Preschool Mastermind．
D．She gained confidence by sharing．

9．Even the hardest days contain lessons that will help you be a better person．Feeling down？Consider these things to remember when you're having a bad day．
No one promised life would be perfect．If you look for perfection，you'll never be content．Don't condition your happiness on meeting every expectation you set for yourself．It is good to be ambitious，but you'll never be perfect．If you expect otherwise，your life will be filled with disappointments．
Success doesn't happen overnight．Trees that are slow to grow bear the best fruit．Don't kid yourself into thinking success will come quickly．It isn't easy to be patient，but anything worth doing requires time．If you get frustrated，remind yourself why your goal is important．
There is a lesson in every struggle．And once the storm is over，you won't remember how you made it through or how you managed to survive．But one thing is certain．When you come out of the storm，you won't be the same person who walked in．That's what this storm's all about．Don't complain about how terrible your life is．If you search for the lesson in your present struggle，you'll be able to make positive changes that would prevent similar situations in the future．
Without hard times，you wouldn't appreciate the good ones．Strength does not come from winning．Your struggles develop your strengths．When you go through hardships and decide not to give in，that is strength．It is hard to find much to smile about when you fail，but how else would you improve yourself？If you look at failure as a part of your evolutionary process，you'll stay positive and pursue your goals for as long as it takes．

8．Which of the following is the best title of this passage？D
A．Every person has to go through hard times．
B．We can learn a lot from our struggles．
C．We should accept the fact that life is not perfect．
D．Things to remember when you are having a bad day．
9．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3mean？C
A．Success will come quickly．
B．Hard work leads to success．
C．Success calls for patience．
D．Confidence is the first step to success．
10．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that A．
A．1essons from struggles make us stronger
B．all things are difficult before they are easy
C．we should forget how we managed to survive
D．similar situations in the future will never appear
11．What can we infer from Paragraph 5？B
A．Hard times make us lose heart and be short of courage．
B．Perseverance in time of hardships develops our strengths．
C．Smiles when you fail will not help to improve yourself．
D．We should try to avoid failures in the evolutionary process．

8．I went shopping for a dress to wear to my daughter's high school graduation half a year ago．To my horror，I could only fit into a size 20．
Being overweight most of my adult life，I always had very little self-confidence．Wearing a dress I didn't like to such an important event was enough to make me look for help．Thankfully，a friend of mine was attending Weight Watchers meetings，and I noticed her great progress．Her success inspired me to give it a try．I joined Weight Watchers，attended their meetings and started following their Weight-Loss System．
I focused on the plan with determination and never missed a weekly meeting!I discovered that I enjoyed the benefits of having the help and support of others．I also read the weekly online e-newsletter and was inspired by the stories，recipes and information offered there，I also read magazines produced by Weight Watchers，which have great tips and new ideas in each issue．
It's hard for me to even remember the person I was before my amazing change．I didn't walk anywhere and couldn't wash my car or walk my dog．Today I do these simple tasks without even thinking about them．But the change didn't happen overnight．I had to exercise with patience and perseverance（坚持）．I decided to take it one day at a time and stick with if for good．
The"new me"is more self-confident and healthier．I love how I feel now．I have more energy and feel like I'm 25again．So why not give Weight Watchers a try if you have the same overweight problem？
56．The underlined word"inspired"in the second paragraph can be replaced by C．
A．excitedB．movedC．encouraged D．forced
57．We can learn from the passage that the write D．
A．often went shopping before she lost weight
B．was overweight when she was a child
C．ever wanted to give up losing weight
D．now is more confident than before
58．This passage is written t D．
A．tell us how to gain self-confidence
B．show off the great progress that the author has made
C．give us some tips on how to lose weight quickly
D．advise overweight people to give Weight Watchers a try
59．Which of the following word will you use to describe the writer C
A．Weak．B．Calm．C．Patient．D．Silent．

7．When it comes to success in business and success in life，there are few qualities as important as confidence．
People naturally have different levels of confidence．Some have a higher level of confidence than others do，but even those whose confidence is lacking can learn to build their level of confidence and reach their most important goals．Increasing self-confidence is one of the most common reasons people give for seeking the help of psychologists and other professionals．
One of the many places where a greater level of confidence is useful is in the workplace．We all know how difficult it can be，for instance，to ask the boss for a raise．This process can be extremely difficult for those who lack confidence in their own abilities．After all，if you are unsure about your own abilities，how will you ever convince your boss that you deserve more money for the work you do？
Even if you are not asking for that big raise，having plenty of confidence in your abilities is important to success．If you are certain of your abilities，chances are that those around you，whether they are your coworkers，your colleagues or your superiors（上级），will see that confidence，and that will help to assure them that you are the best at what you do．
Being thought of as the person to go to，and being seen as an expert in your chosen field，is naturally very important to success on the job．If you can make yourself the person people go to for guidance and advice，you will help to protect yourself from the ever present danger of downsizing．After all，if you are a recognized expert at the office，you will be regarded as an indispensable member of the team．
Having a high level of confidence，after all，does not mean overlooking the places where you could improve．Knowing what you do well and where you need help will help you enjoy increased success and confidence．

67．What is the passage mainly about？B
A．The influence of confidence on one's life．
B．The importance of confidence to success．
C．The difference of people's confidence．
D．The judgment on one's confidence．
68．Psychologists and other professionals can offer help to those A．
A．who think their goals are hard to reach
B．who expect to give guidance to others
C．who want to ask the boss for a raise
D．who dream to be recognized experts
69．What does the underlined word indispensable in Paragraph 5probably mean？A
A．importantB．attractive C．outgoing D．energetic
70．What message does the author want to convey （传达） in the last paragraph？D
A．To overlook one's disadvantages．
B．To make full use of one's advantages．
C．To have great confidence in one's abilities．
D．To make objective（客观的） evaluations of one's abilities．

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