Question

16．Rats are dirty，cunning and evil-in Chinese culture，at least．But a study published in early December in the journal Science suggests that rats can in fact be helpful，caring animals and can empathize（同情） with their rodent （啮齿动物） friends．
Researchers from the University of Chicago kept two rats together for two weeks so that they could get to know each other．After this，one of the rats was put into a small clear cage，which could be opened from the outside．The other rat was left to run freely outside the cage．
The free rat seemed worried when it saw its friend was trapped．It cireled the eat digging and biting it．After a few days it finally figured out how to open the door．It released its friend and appeared to be excited，running happily after the trapped rat．
Researchers then did the same experiment on more rats．They found that the rats learned to open the cage faster if there was another rat trapped in it than if it was empty．By the end of the experiment，only five out of the 40 rats had learned to open an empty cage．Twenty-three out of 30 rats has learned to open the cage to free another rat．
To test just how"carring"a rat could be，researchers then has the rats choose whether to"rescue"a trapped rat or a piece of chocolate．This time the rats were equally likely to free a rat as they were to free the sweets．Inbal Ben-Ami Bartal led the study．"The most shocking thing is they left some of the chocolate for the other rat，"he said．
Scientists have always known that empathy（共鸣）is not unique to humans．It has been proven that apes also feel the emotions of other apcs．However，said Jean Decety，one of the co-authors of the study，"this is the first evidence of helping behavior triggered（激发）by empathy in rats．"
49．What  is the main point of the first paragraph？B
    A．To describe how rats are viewed in Chinese culture．
    B．To introduce a new discovery about rats．
    C．To prove that people have got the wrong idea about rats．
    D．To draw people's attention to rats．
50．What did scientists discover in the experiment？D
    A．A free rat was excited when it saw another rat being trapped．
    B．Five percent of the rats learned to open an empty cage．
    C．Smart rats can learn to release another rat in a few hours．
    D．Most rats learned to open the cage to free another rat．
51．When a rat and a piece of chocolate were trapped in different cages，C．
    A．the rats outside couldn't decide which to release first
    B．more rats wanted to free their friend
    C．some of the rats even shared the chocolate with their friend
    D．the rats opened the cages faster to free the other rat than to free the chocolate
52．Which of the following statements is TURE？A
    A．This is the first time that rats have been found to have empathy．
    B．Rats are similar to human beings in many ways．
    C．More evidence might be needed to prove this idea．
    D．Scientists believe that only humans have empathy．

Answer 1

分析 本文主要介绍了科学家们的研究发现，即老鼠并不像中国文化中所认为的那样肮脏，狡猾而且邪恶，实际上，它们是有益的且有爱心的动物，对待它们的朋友也极富同情心．

解答 答案：BDCA
49．B  内容归纳题     通读第一段可知，本段主要介绍了发表在科学杂志上的一项研究发现，即老鼠并不像中国文化中所认为的那样肮脏，狡猾而且邪恶，实际上，它们是有益的且有爱心的动物，对它们的朋友也极富同情心；故选B．
50．D   细节理解题   根据第四段"By the end of the experiment，only five out of the 40 rats had learned to open an empty cage．Twenty-three out of 30 rats has learned to open the cage to free another rat．"可知，实验的结果发现：四十只老鼠中只有五只学会了打开空笼子，三十只老鼠中有二十三只学会了打开笼子来解救另一只老鼠；因此可以说：大多数老鼠都学会了打开笼子来释放另一只老鼠；故选D．
51．C   细节理解题      根据倒数第二段中的"This time the rats were equally likely to…The most shocking thing is they left some of the chocolate for the other rat，"可知，老鼠不仅救出了另一只老鼠以及拿出了放在笼子里的巧克力，而且还给救出的老鼠留了一些巧克力；故选C．
52．A    是非判断题    A．这是首次发现老鼠具有同情心；B．老鼠在许多方面与人类相似； C．需要有更多的证据来证明这种说法； D．科学家认为只有人类才有同理心； 根据本文的主旨大意"本文主要介绍了科学家们的研究发现，即老鼠并不像中国文化中所认为的那样肮脏，狡猾而且邪恶，实际上，它们是有益的且有爱心的动物，对它们的朋友也极富同情心．"以及最后一段中的"this is the first evidence of helping behavior triggered（激发）by empathy in rats"这是首次有证据证明老鼠的同情心可以引发一些有帮助的行为；可知只有A选项的表达符合文意，而B．C．D在文中都没有提到；故选A．

点评 做本题时，首先应快速浏览全文，把握文章的大意以及作者的写作思路；其次，可以通过对相关细节的理解，概括段落大意，以及通过逻辑推理或内容归纳，选出正确的答案．