Dr． Sylvia Earle wants you to stop eating fish． It's not because fish are endangered, though wild fish stocks in many oceans are very low． It's not because they're bad for you, though fish in many areas are exposed to poisonous substances in the water． It’s because they're smart．

"Fish are sensitive, they have personalities," says the marine biologist． For Earle, eating a fish would be like eating a dog or a cat． "I would never eat anyone I know personally．"

There's a lot more to fish than meets the eye: they talk to each other, they like to be touched, and they engage in behavior that can seem very human． They can remember things and learn from experience． Earle and a growing number of animal rights activists see these as strong arguments against eating fish altogether．

The activists also point out that fish feel pain and fish suffer horribly on their way from the sea to the supermarket． "While it may seem conspicuous that fish are able to feel pain, like every other animal, some people think of fish as swimming vegetables," says Dr． Lynne Sneddon． "Really, it's kind of a moral question． Is the enjoyment you get from fishing （or eating fish） more important than the pain of the fish?"

Fishermen and （fried） fish lovers are skeptical． "I've never seen a smart fish," says Marie Swaringen as she finishes off a plate of fish at a Seattle seafood restaurant． "If they were very smart, they wouldn't get caught．"

"For years, everyone's been telling us to eat fish because it's so good for us," says another diner． "Now I've got to feel guilty while I'm eating my fish? What are they going to think of next? Don't eat salad because cucumbers have feelings?"

1.According to Dr． Sylvia Earle, he would stop eating fish as a result of the following reasons EXCEPT ___________ ．

A．Fish are sensitive and have personalities

B．He knows fish very well

C．Fish are dangerous to eat because the water is polluted

D．Fish are clever

2.Dr.Lynne Sneddon describes the behavior of eating fish in a（n） _______ tone．

A．opposed B．optimistic

C．indifferent D．supportive

3.Which word below can take the place of the underlined word “conspicuous” in Paragraph 4?

A．obvious B．easy

C．impossible D．necessary

4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _____________ ．

A．Human beings should stop eating fish

B．We would feel guilty if we continued eating fish

C．People eat fish because fish are delicious

D．Cucumber is a kind of vegetable or fruit

5.What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage?

A．To advise people to stop eating fish．

B．To introduce a topic of whether people should eat fish．

C．To advise people not to stop eating fish．

D．To tell us that fish will feel pain when caught and transported．

We all know what it is like to be unable to turn your head because of a cold in the muscles of your neck, or because an unexpected twist has made your neck ache． The slightest move makes you jump with pain． Nothing could be worse than a pain in the neck．

That is why we use the phrase to describe some people who give you the same feeling． We have all met such people．

One is the man who always seems to be clapping his hands—often at the wrong time-during a performance in the theater． He keeps you from hearing the actors．

Even worse are those who can never arrive before the curtain goes up and the play begins．They come hurrying down to your row of seats． You are comfortably settled down, with your hat and heavy coat in your lap． You must stand up to let them pass． You are proud of yourself-control after they have settled into their seats…Well, what now…God, one of them is up again． He forgot to go to the men’s room, and once more you have to stand up, hanging on to your hat and coat to let him pass． Now, that is “a pain in the neck”．

Another, well-known to us all, is the person sitting behind you in the movies． His mouth is full of popcorn ; he is chewing loudly, or talking between bites to friends next to him． None of them remain still． Up and down, back and forth, they go—for another bag of popcorn, or something to drink．

Then, there is the man sitting next to you at lunch, smoking． He wants you to enjoy it too, and blows smoke across your food into your mouth．

We must not forget the man who comes into a bus or subway and sits down next to you, just as close as you will let him． You are reading the newspaper and he gets closer so that he can read the paper with you． He may even turn the paper to the next page before you are ready for it．

We also call such a person a “rubber neck”, always getting close to where it does not belong, like neighbors who watch all your visitors． They enjoy learning about your personal business． People have a strong dislike for “rubber necks”． They hate being watched secretly．

1.Where can you find this passage?

A．In a medicine dictionary．

B． in a kids’ story book．

C．In a social science book．

D．In a science textbook．

2.According to the passage, how do you feel when late comers walk back and forth in front of you in a cinema?

A．disturbed． B．bored． C．ignored． D．relaxed．

3.A “rubber neck” often __________________ ．

A．says bad words behind people．

B．quarrels face to face with neighbors．

C．bargains with salespeople over the price

D．asks about other people’s business

4.Which of the following persons CANNOT be described as a “pain in the neck”?

A．Someone who often claps at the wrong time during a performance．

B．Someone who feels ache in his neck due to a cold in the muscles．

C．Someone who sits next to you smoking, which you never enjoy．

D．Someone who keeps eating or talking all through the movies．

5.What is the main purpose of the author?

A．To tell people what might be bad manners in public．

B．To criticize （批评） the people who might be a “pain in the neck”

C．To show anger to those who are described as a “pain in the neck”．

D．To tell people how to stop the pain in the neck．

It’s really a tough job for automakers doing marketing and sales in China, where competition is acute and customers have little loyalty． They have tried a range of tricks in recent years．

But there should be a moral bottom line． Unfortunately, a Buick dealership used the tragedy of a two-month-old infant to advertise its cars last week on Weibo – Micro blog． And Hyundai Motor followed suit．

On March 4, an SUV was stolen with the infant left inside alone in the northeastern city of Changchun． The news spread widely on Weibo after the baby’s father called the local police and radio station for help． The next day it was revealed that the infant was choked to death and buried in snow by the thief． The online community expressed its deeply felt sympathy and condolences．

The Buick dealership posted a photo of the baby and two of its cars on its official Weibo account to advertise its GPS system that can locate the stolen car. “A few thoughts on the Changchun stolen car and baby incident: when buying a car it's entirely OK to choose a brand with advanced technology,” said the post. Though the post was made before tragic fate of the infant was known, the action generated a storm of outrage on Weibo. Some online commentators said it is “marketing at the cost of lives” and “extremely despicable.”

Worse was the post on Hyundai's off icial Weibo account that advertised the anti - theft system on its new SUV Santa Fe, an entry made after the child was known to have died. The action also enraged micro bloggers.

Both posts were soon deleted. The Buick dealership made an apology on Weibo to the family of the victim and the public. But screenshots saved by users continued to be posted and the negative impact on both brands persists.

The two brands probably didn’t expect such a firestorm of fury from the Internet community, but they really made a big mistake sinking below the moral bottom line． They certainly ruined their own brand images．

The Chinese have the same proverb as the English language – a little leak will sink a great ship． It takes decades to build the great ship of a respectable brand but it can take just a moment of negligence to make it fail completely．

For those in corporate marketing, two lessons should be learned: first, be careful in the era of social media when one wrong can be easily magnified and have disastrous impacts in just a few clicks．

Second and more importantly, think with your brain and heart． Never break the moral bonds of respect for human life and sympathy for our fellow man．

1.Who is to blame for the tragedy of Changchun infant according to the passage?

A．The baby’s father B．Buick and Hyundai dealership

C．Weibo D．Not clear

2.Which of the following statements is correct?

A．The missing infant was found alive in the stolen car．

B．Micro blog marketing of tragic infant death fuels firestorm of criticism．

C．People can’t see the two posts any more because they were deleted．

D．The two car brands mentioned in the passage spoiled their own reputation by selling the stolen car．

3.What does the underlined word – “despicable” in paragraph 4 mean?

A．Immoral B．Important

C．Distinguished D．Considerable

4.The reason why Hyundai’s post was worse than Buick’s is that _________．

A．Hyundai dealership didn’t make an apology on Weibo

B．Buick dealership expressed its deeply sympathy and condolences

C．Hyundai’s post was made after people knew the infant had died

D．Buick’s car was more advanced on its GPS system

5.In the last paragraph, the author encourages people _____________．

A．not to sink below the moral bottom line

B．not to sympathize our fellow man

C．to think twice before making decision

D．to magnify the mistakes people make

Minimalism （简约主义） is a term that describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is reduced to its most basic features．

As for me, minimalism functions well not in art or design, but in my daily life．

When I was packing for university, I found it extremely difficult to let go of some of the things I owned． I knew I couldn’t take everything with me, but I kept asking myself “how could I possibly throw this away?”, “what if I need it one day?”, and “what about all of the memories?” Now that I’ve moved, and left that stuff behind, I don’t even miss it． Whether or not I got rid of it, it barely makes a bit of difference to me now．

I’ve learned that over time people forget, or their need for a particular object eventually disappears． Either they store it away or they get rid of it．

You might think nostalgically（怀旧的） about the toys you cared about when you were a child, but what is making you smile now is not the thing itself but the memory of it． I’ve heard it a hundred times, “you don’t need things to make you happy．” It takes something life-changing like moving across the country to realize how true this is．

Speaking of which, for a lot of people, minimalism is about able to move． It’s about being able to go almost anywhere at any time because you don’t have many possessions to carry． When you keep things you don’t need they become a burden that ties you to a place． Moving to university was a good time to let go of a lot of stuff． And when I visit for the holidays, I’ll probably get rid of even more, to lighten the burden．

Of course there are exceptions． There are some things that are irreplaceable, very rare or expensive or we simply love and cherish for some reason or another, since we are humans． But after we keep those, how much is left that we don’t really need?

Hence, minimalism． And why does minimalism bring happiness? That was a bit of a roundabout way of saying that, it’s because what really makes me happy is freedom． And the key to freedom is minimalism because minimalism reduces our attachment to things．

Attachment to too many objects creates a great mess and can severely hold back our freedom to do whatever we want, while minimalism helps us start new projects, move, travel, learn new things, work, expand, be debt-free, be healthy – really living life to our full potential．

I left the nest to fly onwards and upwards, I can’t do it with old things weighing me down． And that is why I have adopted minimalism with open arms．

1.In paragraph l, the writer gives the definition of minimalism to ．

A．introduce a topic B．present his own idea

C．describe a scene D．offer an argument

2.Many people don’t want to let go of some of their belongings because ．

A．they haven’t had any life-changing experiences

B．they fear their memories will be gone with the thrown-away stuff

C．they hope to live life to their full potential by storing things away

D．they may have to change their lifestyle because of the loss of them

3.Which of the following is NOT the reason why the writer favors “minimalism” in life?

A．It takes the burden off her while she is moving．

B．It reduces her attachment to her personal things．

C．It enables her to gain the freedom that she desires．

D．It helps her to realize how true life is．

4.By saying “there are exceptions”, the writer means

A．little is left if we keep what we cherish most in our life

B．minimalism should be practised accordingly in different situations

C．minimalism is a method difficult to employ in reality

D．life is full of exceptions so it’s difficult to preserve what we value

5.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Minimalism brings happiness．

B．Minimalism is applied in many fields．

C．Minimalism makes people think nostalgically．

D．Minimalism is about able to move．

短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两赴，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均限一词。

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

When I was a child, I spent more than ten years learn the violin．Therefore, I couldn't understand "real music"．After I graduated at high school, a friend of mine suggested that we started to learn the guitar because we all thought it was cool．l will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the guitar store． There I saw a guitar player playing the guitar, which I really enjoyed．He became my the first guitar teacher．It took me such a long time choose a guitar among several wonderful model．Now the guitar is the most importantly part of my life and I practice it every day.

书面表达

为了减少食物浪费 ，中国最近开展了“光盘行动”。假如你是某校的学生李华，请以“Against Food Waste”为问题，写一篇120字左右短文，拟发表在学校网站英文版上。内容包括如下 ：

1．就餐浪费现象描述：据报道，每年全国在餐馆被倒掉的食物估计可养活2亿人

2．就餐浪费的原因

3．提出你的倡议

注意：陈述要点，可适当发挥，不要简单翻译。

Shake Shack is a new kind of restaurant becoming more popular in the U S．The restaurants are not“fast food．”They are known as“fast casual．”

Observers say Americans want more choices and fresh food when choosing where and what to eat．This trend is one reason why the fast food restaurant McDonald’s has struggled financially．In the last quarter of 2014，McDonald’s net income dropped by about$300 million．The January earnings report brought more bad news．Worldwide sales dropped for the eighth month in a row and even more than expected．While McDonald’s is struggling to get their customers back，Shake Shack，is doing well in making money．The New York-based burger chain had a very successful IPO，or initial public offering，of shares at the end of January．On its first day of trading，Shake Shack went from$21 a share to just under$46 a share．Being part of the“fast casual”trend has helped Shake Shack．Other fast casual restaurants in the U．S．include Chipotle and Panera．

Bonnie Riggs，a restaurant expert with NPD has studied Americans’restaurant habits for almost 30 years．She says one reason why Americans like fast casual food is that it’s new．It is creative，it is something different and people like to try new things．Her study shows Americans made 61 billion visits to restaurants last year．Three out of four visits were to fast food restaurants，like McDonald’s．Fast casual is still a small percentage of restaurant visits，but it has developed fast．Just as Ms．Riggs says，“It’s growing by leaps and bounds，because they meet consumers’needs．They know it's being prepared while they wait，it’s fresh，quality food，good tasting food at what they say are reasonable and affordable prices．”

Many Americans still like their fast food．They just are not going as often．They are finding other ways to have a meal．

1.What is the trouble with McDonald’s?

A．Its share goes down to$21．

B．Shake Shack has taken its place．

C．It’s not popular with Americans．

D．Its sales and income have dropped．

2.We can learn from Bonnie Riggs that Americans____________．

A．1ike to try something new

B．care only about the quality

C．don’t like fast food any more

D．pay more restaurant visits to fast casual

3.What does the underlined phrase“by leaps and bounds”in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Steadily． B．Rapidly．

C．Slowly． D．Normally．

4.Which of the following best describes fast casual?

A．Fresh-made and tasty．

B．High-quality and expensive．

C．Farm-to-table and traditional．

D．Time-consuming and special．

For decades，the San Francisco Bay area has been the heart of the computer technology industry．Many of the biggest technology companies have their headquarters in the area called Silicon Valley．But the area has not always been associated with charity(慈善)．

Now，a new generation of entrepreneurs(企业家)appears to be changing Silicon Valley．One example is Marc Benioff，a donor(捐赠者)，who has called on wealthy donors to give more to their communities．He also is the founder of Salesforce．com，a computer services company in San Francisco who has helped build a children’s hospital and given millions of dollars to non-profit organizations in the city．

Money from the technology industry has also started to change the face of charity．Benjamin Soskis writes about the history and ideas behind charity in America．His articles have appeared in The Atlantic magazine and a number of major publications．He says，traditionally，donors have given after they spent much of their lives building up wealth．Usually donors are in their 70s．But an increasing number of people appearing on the list of top donors are younger than 40 years of age．Benjamin Soskis says that is something new．“There’s a whole new model that’s appearing in which people give and accumulate at the same time．”

Some of the young donors on this year's top 50 list have started to change in the way people see charity．That is especially the case in the San Francisco area，where giving money and making money appear to be coming together．“I think it's fair to say that charity is now a part of the Silicon Valley identity．”

1.What is true of Marc Benioff?

A．He joined a non-profit organization．

B．He advised donors to build hospitals．

C．He made San Francisco a city of charity．

D．He set up the company of Salesforce．com．

2.What is special about the donors of Silicon Valley?

A．They prefer to give rather than make money．

B．They give after accumulating a lot of wealth．

C．They are much younger than the usual donors．

D．They donate more money to their communities．

3.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．The age of charity

B．The changing faces of charity

C．In search of new faces

D．From computer base to charity centre

Can you imagine a world without chocolate? It's not something I'd 1ike to do．so I was relieved to read that there’s a university with a program me to safeguard the future of chocolate!

The University of Reading，in England，has just opened a new clearing house for all the world’s new cocoa varieties．They must be quarantined(隔离检疫)before they can be grown．Why? Cocoa production hit a record high of 4．4 million tons last year but about 30％of the precious crop is regularly lost to pests and diseases．Now we don’t want that，do we?

Demand for chocolate has been increasing faster than the world supply of cocoa and researchers think that new varieties are key to solving this problem．

The University of Reading has been protecting the quality of the new crops since 1985，after it took over the task from the Royal Botanical Gardens in Kew，London．And it has improved its facilities．The leader of the institution’s cocoa project，Professor Paul Hadley，says，“One of the main issues concerning cocoa improvement is the supply of reliably clean，healthy，interesting cocoa material．”

The cocoa centre has a collection of 400 plant varieties and their greenhouse uses a lot of energy to keep them in tropical conditions．After up to two years in quarantine，clean and safe seeds are sent to some 20 countries，including several in West Africa．That’s where 75％of the cocoa used for chocolate worldwide comes from．The crop is extremely important for the local economy：it employs about two million people.

Professor Hadley says he works with a small team of skilled technicians who look after the collection．And more of us seem to count on them now．

The scientist says，“there is some concern within the industry that demand is increasing constantly，particularly in countries like China，where the standard of living is increasing and people are getting a taste for different chocolates．”

1.What is the text mainly about?

A．Safeguarding cocoa seeds．

B．Planting cocoa worldwide．

C．Keeping cocoa in greenhouse．

D．Finding the new market for cocoa．

2.The institution’s cocoa project is to_______．

A．have cocoa skin removed

B．offer more jobs to people

C．ensure the quality of cocoa

D．supply cocoa for two million people

3.What does the last paragraph tell us?

A．The taste of chocolates is changing．

B．Demand for cocoa is increasing fast．

C．People are concerned about cocoa varieties．

D．Chinese have a long history of eating chocolates．

4.What’s the purpose of the text?

A．To educate． B．To advertise．

C．To warn． D．To inform．

The poaching，or illegal killing，of rhinos(犀牛) in South Africa is growing worse each year．The government recently reported that a record number of rhinos were poached in 2014，a year which had more rhino killings in South Africa than ever before．

The World Wildlife Fund，or WWF，says about 20，000 rhinos live in South Africa．That is more than 80 percent of the rhinos in the world．Edna Molewa，South Africa’s environmental issues minister，says，“During 2014，we are sad to say this，1，215 rhinos were killed．This is a rise in the number of poached rhinos from 1004 in 2013 and indeed very worrying．”

The animals are hunted for their horns(犀牛角)．Many people in Asia believe the horn has curing power，which drives poachers，at all costs，mad for more horns．But there is no scientific evidence for this belief．The horn is made of keratin．That is the same thing as human hair， fingernails and toenails．

Ms．Mo1ewa said 386 suspected poachers were arrested last year，an increase from the year before．But rhino protection workers say poachers often go unpunished after arrest．South Africa’s legal system is ineffective．Ms．Molewa said more needs to be done and South Africa is taking strong measures to protect rhinos．The efforts include moving some of the animals to secret places in neighboring countries．“Now approximately 100 rhinos have been moved to neighboring states in the SADC region during 2014 and 200 more rhinos will be moved this year”Molewa said．

Jo Shaw，the rhino program manager at the WWF，said，“we’re talking about a loss of a hundred rhinos a month．Or more than three a day．We really need to see effective action not just at a national level but internationally．”She says officials should find the criminal groups responsible for the poaching and punish them．Government officials are to meet in Botswana in March at the Inter-governmental Conference on Illegal Wildlife Trade．

1.What do we know about rhinos?

A．Half of the rhinos live in South Africa．

B．Less than 1，000 rhinos were killed in 2013．

C．The killing reached the highest point in 2014．

D．There are only 20，000 rhinos left in the world．

2.What is the main reason for people to hunt rhinos?

A．To get more keratin．

B．To protect the farmland．

C．To use them for decoration．

D．To make money from horns．

3.Jo Shaw thinks that_________．

A．many criminal groups are well organized

B．new laws are needed to punish the killers

C．rhino protection needs international cooperation

D．conferences about protecting rhinos are to be held every year

4.What can we infer from the text?

A．Rhino protection has a long way to go．

B．No one would like to buy horns in the future．

C．The illegal killing of rhinos will soon disappear．

D．Rhinos living in South Africa will move to other countries．