阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从短文后所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Many theories regarding the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.Theorieson the individual suggest that childrencriminal behavior before they were not sufficientlyfor previous misbehaviors or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others.Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes into their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children fromfamilies,the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate control from parents.All,however,are uncertain or unimproved and are of course challenged with criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectlyjuvenile crime rates.For example,changes in the economy thatto fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.This results inamong youths and may inlead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also experiencedthese years.More families consist of one parent households or two working parents;children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family.This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates.Other noticeableof offensive acts includeexperience or failure in school,theavailability of drugs and alcohol,and the growing phenomenon of child abuse and child neglect.All these conditions tend to increase theof a child committing a criminal act,a direct cause and effect relationship has not yet been established.

1.A. centering B. depending C. figuring D. concerning

2.A. refer to B. know about C. engage in D. learn of

3.A. punished B. forgiven C. forgotten D. excused

4.A. return B. contact C. reference D. response

5.A. respected B. cultivated C. disadvantaged D. immigrated

6.A. considering B. ignoring C. highlighting D. believing

7.A. values B. misbehaviors C. criminals D. theories

8.A. affect B. reduce C. prevent D. reflect

9.A. point B. lead C. come D. add

10.A. in general B. on average C. by contrast D. at last

11.A. discomfort B. dissatisfaction C. dishonesty D. discrimination

12.A. case B. short C. turn D. return

13.A. failure B. miseries C. development D. changes

14.A. contrarily B. consequently C. similarly D. occasionally

15.A. education B. concept C. structure D. economy

16.A. suggestions B. causes C. ideas D. reports

17.A. smooth B. favorable C. unfavorable D. practical

18.A. increasing B. restricted C. reasonable D. popular

19.A. knowledge B. aspect C. strength D. probability

20.A. since B. although C. as D. because

At the beginning of the World Series of 1947,I experienced a completely new emotion,when the National Anthem was played. This time,I thought,it is being played for me,as much as for anyone else.This is organized major league baseball,and I am standing here with all the others;and everything that takes place includes me.

About a year later,I went to Atlanta,Georgia,to play in an exhibition game.On the field,for the first time in Atlanta,there were Negroes and whites.Other Negroesbesides me.And I thought: What I have always believed has come to be.

And what is it that I have always believed? First,that imperfections are human.But that wherever human beings were given room to breathe and time to think,those imperfections would disappear,no matter how slowly.I do not believe that we have found or even approached perfection.That is not necessarily in the scheme of human events.Handicaps,stumbling blocks,prejudices — all of these are imperfect.Yet,they have to be dealt with because they are in the scheme of human events.

Whatever obstacles I found made me fight all the harder.But it would have been impossible for me to fight at all,except that I was sustained by the personal and deep-rooted belief that my fight had a chance.It had a chance because it took place in a free society.Not once was I forced to face and fight an immovable object.Not once was the situation so cast-iron rigid that I had no chance at all.Free minds and human hearts were at work all around me;and so there was the probability of improvement.I look at my children now,and know that I must still prepare them to meet obstacles and prejudices.

But I can tell them,too,that they will never face some of these prejudices because other people have gone before them.And to myself I can say that,because progress is unalterable,many of today's dogmas (教条)will have vanished by the time they grow into adults.I can say to my children: There is a chance for you.No guarantee,but a chance.And this chance has come to be,because there is nothing static with free people.There is no Middle Ages logic so strong that it can stop the human tide from flowing forward. I do not believe that every person,in every walk of life,can succeed in spite of any handicap.That would be perfection.But I do believe — and with every fiber in me — that what I was able to attain came to be because we put behind us (no matter how slowly) the dogmas of the past: to discover the truth of today;and perhaps find the greatness of tomorrow.

I believe in the human race.I believe in the warm heart.I believe in man's honesty.I believe in the goodness of a free society.And I believe that the society can remain good only as long as we are willing to fight for it — and to fight against whatever imperfections may exist.My fight was against the barriers that kept Negroes out of baseball.This was the area where I found imperfection,and where I was best able to fight.And I fought because I knew it was not doomed to be a losing fight.It couldn't be a losing fight-not when it took place in a free society.And in the largest sense,I believe that what I did was done for me — that it was my faith in God that sustained me in my fight.And that what was done for me must and will be done for others.

1.Why did the author say he had experienced a completely new emotion?

A. Because he won game.

B. Because he was an American.

C. Because he could compete in the game and won the game.

D. Because the National Game was played for him.

2.From the passage,we know that the author is ___________.

A. an African

B. a Chinese

C. a white man

D. a black man

3.The author firmly believed that____________.

A. humans are imperfect if they all unite together to overcome the difficulties.

B. humans needn't approach perfect even if they can.

C. humans should face the obstacles and fight for it bravely.

D. humans are becoming kind and honest if they have freedom.

4.We can infer from the passage that_________.

A. the fight between Negroes and Whites never ends

B. the civil war broke out because the Negroes fought for their freedom

C. In the past Negroes were kept out of baseball.

D. the fight ended up with a game.

5.The underlined word ‘vanished’most probably means __________

A. disappear

B. increase

C. appear

D. happen

6.The best title of this passage may be_________.

A. Nothing matters except fighting

B. Success lies in hard work

C. freedom is everything

D. Free Minds and Hearts makes a difference

完形填空

The school was across the street from our home and I would often watch the kids as they played during the break.She seemed so small as she pushed her way the crowd of boys on the playground.She from them all.

I began to notice her at other times,basketball in hand,playing .She would practice dribbling (运球) and shooting over and over again,sometimes until.One day I asked her she practiced so much.She looked in my eyes and without a moment of hesitation she said,“I want to go to college.The only way I can is if I get a scholarship,I am going to play college basketball.I want to be.My Daddy told me if the dream is big enough,the facts don’t count.”

Well,I had to give it in to her—she was.One day,I saw her sitting in the grass,head in her arms.I walked toward her and quietly asked what was “Oh,nothing,” came a soft reply.“I am just too short.” The coach told her that at her height she would probablyget to play for a top ranked team,offered a scholarship.So she stop dreaming about college.

She was and I sensed her disappointment.I asked her if she had talked to her dad about it yet.She told me that her father said those coaches were wrong.They just did not the power of a dream.He told her she really wanted to play for a good college,if she truly wanted a scholarship,could stop her except one thing — her own attitude.He told her again,“If the dream is big enough,the facts don’t count.”

The next year,as she and her team went to the Northern California Championship game,she was seen by a college recruiter (招聘人员).She was indeed offered a.She was going to get the college education that she had and worked toward it for all those years.

1.A. through B. across C. over D. into

2.A. brought out B. showed out C. stood out D. worked out

3.A. only B. lonely C. simply D. alone

4.A. dark B. dawn C. midnight D. daybreak

5.A. how B. when C. why D. what

6.A. worriedly B. shyly C. quietly D. directly

7.A. go B. meet C. enter D. attend

8.A. worse B. better C. the best D. the worst

9.A. determined B. encouraged C. fixed D. fascinated

10.A. covered B. enclosed C. dropped D. buried

11.A. the affair B. wrong with C. the thing D. the matter

12.A. ever B. even C. once D. never

13.A. far more B. much less C. more less D. many more

14.A. should B. must C. can D. may

15.A. overjoyed B. moved C. embarrassed D. heartbroken

16.A. understand B. experience C. learn D. believe

17.A. even if B. as if C. that if D. only if

18.A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything

19.A. prize B. medal C. scholarship D. position

20.A. dreamed of B. relied on C. thought of D. looked forward

Tiny transmitters(发射机) fixed on the backs of the blue-green bees have allowed scientists to follow the insects as they fly for miles in search of rare flowers.

Working in Panama,scientists caught 17 bees of the common species and fixed a 300 milligram radio light onto the back of each.The signals they sent out were used to follow their movements in and around the forest where they lived.

Professor Martin,from Princeton University,US,and the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Germany,said,“By following the radio signals,we discovered that male bees spent most of their time in small centre areas,but could take off and visit areas farther away.One male even crossed over the shipping lanes in the Panama Canal,flying at least 5km,and returned a few days later.”

Researchers have struggled to follow the movements of bees before,following bees marked with paint or using radar which doesn’t work well in forests.

“Carrying the transmitter could reduce the distance that the bees travel,but even if the flight distances we record are the shortest distances that these bees can fly,they are impressive,long-distance movements,” said Dr.Roland Kays,from New York State Museum,a co-author of the research published today in the on-line journal.“This result helps to explain how these bees’ pollination(授粉) can be so rare.” Pollination by bees and other insects is the key to the diversity and continued growth of flowers and trees in some forests.

The new study is the first to use radio transmitters to follow bees in a forest.Similar research may now be carried in temperate forests,where bees also play a vital role.

1.The main purpose of the passage is to___

A. call on people to protect the bees for the environment

B. explain why the bees fly far away in search of flowers

C. introduce a modern way to follow the bees to readers

D. encourage the public to support the scientists' research

2.What was the problem when researchers tried to follow the bees in the past?

A. It was quite difficult to mark the bees

B. The radar itself didn't work very well

C. The bees weren't easy to be recognized

D. Environmental limits were hard to solve

3.What Dr.Roland Kays said implied that____

A. he didn't expect bees could fly so long a distance

B. The transmitter didn't have any effects on bees at all

C. He wanted to know how far bees could travel badly

D. The record was in fact as exact as he had thought

4.Researchers follow the movements of bees mainly to___

A. learn how far they can fly at most

B. discover how they affect the plants

C. correct some wrong ideas about bees

D. get to know where they enjoy living

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