Sometimes,you'd better use pen and paper than open up your mouth to convey just the right emotion. Margaret Shepherd,author of The Art of Civilized Conversation,shares these proper occasions.

* Condolences (吊唁) At first,everything is a blur (模糊不清) for the bereaved (死者的亲友) so it's comforting to have notes to read later at their own pace. I       For instance, "I know you're going to be busy with family right now,but in a few weeks,Fm going to call you so we can have coffee together."Then do it.

*  2       An apology is easier to put on paper―you're calmer and you can choose better words and take more care with what you say. Apologize very clearly and don't use weasel words (推诿词) like "I'm sorry if you were upset by me." 3      

* Praises If you compliment people to their face,they often feel they should be modest,but a written note can be savored (品味) in private. For example, "I really appreciate your patience as I learn to stop drinking."

氺 4      

A request to work on a campaign,help out a fundraiser―put them all on paper to avoid putting people on the spot.

* Thank You Most of us think we're covered if we've verbally thanked someone or sent an email,but if the person put effort into a gathering or a gift,you should put effort into making a thankyou note. I am strongly agreed that people should hand write a thankyou note for a hand cooked dinner rather than call the next day and talk about how fun it was. They just saw you the night before!5      

   A. And remember to use your pen instead of words always.

   B. Finish with something appreciative,such as "Thanks for putting up with me."

   C. Make an Offer

   D. A Request for Help

   E. Give them something to look forward to.

   F. Apologies

   G. And there isn't a person on earth who doesn't appreciate a thankyou note.

1.         2.       3.                  4.          5.       

Like almost anything else,television has its good and bad sides. One should surely thank its inventors for the joy and interest that it has brought into the lives of the old,the sick,and the lonely―all those who,without it,would have no pleasure and no window on the world.

1       No newspaper has ever reached so many people and shown so clearly what was happening right now in their own country and everywhere else. TV not only gives the news instantly,it also shows it in pictures more powerful than words. 2       Millions of people now have seen the effects of a battle,a flood,a fire,a crime,disasters of every sort on the screen.

3       Children do not have enough experience to realize that TV shows present an unreal world. They want to imitate what they see. They do believe that the violence they see is normal and acceptable. By the time they are out of high school,most young people have watched about 15 ,000 hours of television,and have seen about 18,000 killings or other acts of violence. All educators and psychologists agree that the " television generations" are more violent than their parents and grandparents.

4       Getting used to TV shows,where everything is quick and entertaining,they do not have the patience to read an article without pictures;to read a book that requires thinking;to listen to a teacher who doesn't do funny things like the people on children's programs. And they expect all problems to be solved happily in ten,fifteen or thirty minutes. That's the time it takes on the screen.

5       It is certain that,along with its benefits,it has brought many serious problems. To these problems we must soon find a solution because,whether we like it or not,television is here to stay.

   A. Unfortunately,television's influence has been extremely harmful to the young.

   B. It can be said that TV has brought reality to the public.

   C. In truth,television has opened windows in everybody's life.

   D. Is television as harmful as they think it is?

   E. It is certain that television has deeply changed our lives and our society.

   F. According to the same experts,the young are also less patient.

   G. Many people now worry about the effect that TV has on the young,and on society in general.

1.         2.         3.                  4.          5.         

Improving your vocabulary can be done at any age and any level of education. Even college students can benefit from an enlarged vocabulary,which will improve spoken and written communication skills as well as provide a deeper grasp of any language. Often people are encouraged to improve their vocabulary by taking a major test. 1      

2       Reading is clearly linked with a larger vocabulary,especially if you seek out books about topics that aren't familiar to you. Nonfiction in a wide variety of fields can improve your vocabulary and general knowledge. Literacy in fiction is also highly beneficial.

3       Games like Scrabble and Boggle will encourage your brain to play with words and letters,as well as learn new ones. If you play Scrabble with an open dictionary,you can encourage people to try out words they might otherwise be afraid of using. Most word games are interactive,so you can enjoy company while improving your vocabulary.

A simple way to improve your vocabulary is to use the dictionary. Create flash cards of unfamiliar words and practise them in the train,on the bus,or when you wake up in the morning. 4       If you hear someone using a word you don't recognize,look it up!

5          If you're trying to improve your English vocabulary as a native speaker,you may be able to meet up with study partners. If you're learning vocabulary in a new language,you I can find people to speak and write with you so that you can improve your skills.

   A. Another way is to play word games.

   B. One of the best ways to improve your vocabulary is to read more.

   C. But it can be done for fun as well.

   D. Reading books is one of the best ways to broaden your horizons.

   E. Try to practise words in a variety of environments so that you really learn them.

   F. In addition,you may find a community of individuals with interests like yours.

   G. The more you practicing English,the better you will understand its culture.

1.                  2.         3.                  4.          5.       

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