I was reading these interesting stories behind a group of great logos (标志) in the world. Personally Nike is my favorite one—it’s so simple. And I liked the stories behind them, which made me forget all other things. McDonald’s, Apple, Mercedes Benz and Adidas own great logos as well, and they are among my favorites.
Nike
In the Greek myth, Nike is the goddess of victory and the source of inspiration for soldiers. This logo represents the wing in the famous statue of the Greek goddess. Nike’s logo was designed by Carolyn Davidson in 1971 for $ 35, and was registered as a trademark in 1995.
McDonald’s
The logo was designed in 1962 by Jim Schindler to resemble the archshaped(拱形的) signs on the side of the company’s then walk-up hamburger stand. Later on, the two golden arches were combined together to form the M. The McDonald’s name was added to the logo in 1968.
Apple
There are different stories behind Apple’s logo. The first logo was a reference to the religious story of Adam and Eve, in which the apple represented the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge. One year later, the second logo was designed in 1977 by Steven Jobs and Ronald Wayne, and it described Sir Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. This logo didn’t stay long. One year later it was replaced almost immediately by graphic designer Rob Janoff’s “ rainbow apple”, a rainbow- colored silhouette (轮廓)  of an apple with a bite taken out of it. And then the rainbow- colored apple was replaced by the one- colored logo in 1998. It has not been changed so far.
Mercedes Benz
The Mercedes Benz logo, which was originally created by Gottlieb Daimler in 1909, consists of a simple description of a three- pointed star that represents its rule of the land, the sea and the air. The company was founded by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach. Marcedes is the name of Maybach’s elder daughter, while Benz came as a result of a combination with Benz, Cie. and DMG in 1926

  1. 1.

    What does the author think of the stories of the great logos?

    1. A.
      They are boring
    2. B.
      They are out of date
    3. C.
      They are attractive
    4. D.
      They are practical
  2. 2.

    What does Nike’s logo stand for?

    1. A.
      The goddess of victory
    2. B.
      The source of inspiration for soldiers
    3. C.
      The statue of the Greek goddess
    4. D.
      The wing of the Greek goddess
  3. 3.

    We can learn that Apple’s present logo is______

    1. A.
      the religious story of Adam and Eve
    2. B.
      a bitten apple with only one color
    3. C.
      Newton’s sitting under an apple tree
    4. D.
      the rainbow- colored bitten apple
  4. 4.

    Which of the following time orders describes the births of the great logos?

    1. A.
      Mercedes Benz – McDonald’s – Nike – Apple
    2. B.
      Nike – McDonald’s – Apple – Mercedes Benz
    3. C.
      Mercedes Benz – Apple – Nike –McDonald’s
    4. D.
      Nike –Mercedes Benz –McDonald’s – Apple,

In the past ten years, many scientists have studied the differences between men and women. And they all got the same answer: The sexes(性别) are different, because their brains are different. And this, the scientists say, makes men and women see the world in different ways.
Boys, for example, generally are better than girls at mathematical ideas. Boys also generally are better than girls at the kind of hand and eye movements necessary for ball sports. Girls, on the other hand generally start speaking earlier than boys. And they generally see better in the dark than boys and are better at learning foreign languages.
What makes men and women better at one thing or another? The answer is the brain. The brain has two sides connected by nerve(神经) tracks. The left side generally is used for mathematics, speech and writing. The right side is used for artistic creation(创造) and the expression for emotions(情感). In men and women, different areas in each side of the brain develop differently. In boys, for example, it’s the area used for mathematics. In girls, it is the area used for language skills. Another interesting difference is that the two sides of a man’s brain are connected by a smaller number of nerves than the two sides of a woman’s brain are

  1. 1.

    Which of the following is the best title of the article?

    1. A.
      Research on the Brain
    2. B.
      Men and Women are Different in Brain
    3. C.
      People’s Different Brains
    4. D.
      Who Are Better, Boys or Girls
  2. 2.

    __________ men and women think differently

    1. A.
      The different brains make
    2. B.
      Sex makes
    3. C.
      The different experiences make
    4. D.
      The influences(影响) of society make
  3. 3.

    According to the article, girls are generally better than boys at __________ in your school

    1. A.
      mathematics
    2. B.
      physics
    3. C.
      English
    4. D.
      chemistry
  4. 4.

    Which of the following is true?

    1. A.
      The left side of brain in boys generally develops better than that in girls
    2. B.
      The left side of brain in girls generally develops better than that in boys
    3. C.
      Men are better than women in all things
    4. D.
      The area in girls used for language skills develops better
  5. 5.

    60. The number of nerves connecting the two sides of the brain in men __________

    1. A.
      is the same as women’s
    2. B.
      is different from women’s
    3. C.
      is larger than women’s
    4. D.
      is twice as large as women’s

I suppose that the most basic and powerful way to connect to another person is to listen. Just listen. Perhaps the most important thing we ever give each other is our attention. And especially if it’s given from the heart. When people are talking, there’s no need to do anything but receive them. Listen to what they’re saying. Care about it. Most times caring about it is even more important than understanding it. Most of us don’t value ourselves or our love enough to know this. It has taken me a long time to believe in the power of simple saying “I’m so sorry,” when someone is in pain.
One of my patients told me that when she tried to tell her story people often interrupted to tell her that they once had something just like that happening to them. Her pain became a story about them. Eventually, she stopped talking to most people. We connect through listening. When we interrupt what someone is saying to let them know that we understand, we move the focus of attention to ourselves. When we listen, they know we care.
I have even learned to respond to someone crying by just listening. In the old days I used to reach for the handkerchiefs, until I realized that passing a person a handkerchief may be just another way to shut him down, to take them out of their experience of sadness. Now I just listen. When they have cried all they need to cry, they find me there with them.
This simple thing has not been that easy to learn. It certainly went against everything I had been taught since I was very young. I thought people listened only because they were too shy to speak or did not know the answer. But now I know that a loving silence often has far more power to heal than the kindest words

  1. 1.

    What does the author value most in the communication with each other?

    1. A.
      Deep understanding
    2. B.
      Saying “I’m Sorry”
    3. C.
      Attention from heart
    4. D.
      Doing nothing
  2. 2.

    The woman patient stopped telling her story to most people because ______

    1. A.
      She didn’t get enough respect from others
    2. B.
      she was discouraged by being often interrupted
    3. C.
      people often told her their own opinions
    4. D.
      people couldn’t understand her sad situation
  3. 3.

    If you hand a handkerchief to someone crying, you may ______

    1. A.
      hurt his feelings
    2. B.
      make him embarrassed
    3. C.
      encourage him to continue to cry
    4. D.
      stop him from letting out his sorrow
  4. 4.

    It can be inferred from the passage that while communicating, ______

    1. A.
      listening is a perfect way to respond to others
    2. B.
      people keep silent because they don’t know the answer
    3. C.
      keeping silent means being too shy to speak
    4. D.
      it is easy to form the habit of listening silently

London—coffee protects mice from radiation and could get the same way in humans, according to Indian scientists.
Scientist at India’s Bhabha Atomic Research Center discovered that mice injected with caffeine (咖啡因)remained alive after high doses(剂量)of normally lethal radiation.
Although the study was limited to animals, Kachadillilli George, head of the research team, believes the findings could have implications (something suggested )  for humans .
“It does suggest that coffee might have some beneficial effects in protecting against radiation,” he told New Scientist magazine late last month.
George and his team injected 471 mice with caffeine and left them uncovered to 7.5 grays of gamma radiation(伽玛射线),enough to kill most mice. But 25 days later 70 percent of the mice that had received 80 milligrams(毫克)of caffeine per kilogram of body weight were still alive.
On the contrary all 196 mice that had been left uncovered to the same radiation but had not been given any caffeine died

  1. 1.

    George and his team drew the conclusion from    

    1. A.
      the magazine
    2. B.
      their invention
    3. C.
      the experiment
    4. D.
      their experience
  2. 2.

    From the news, we know     can be protected from radiation

    1. A.
      both mice and humans
    2. B.
      only mice
    3. C.
      only humans
    4. D.
      neither humans nor mice
  3. 3.

    From paragraph 5, we know 30 percent of the mice died 25 days later. The reason was probably that     

    1. A.
      these mice had been given only 80 milligrams of caffeine
    2. B.
      these mice hadn’t been injected with caffeine
    3. C.
      these mice were very big and strong
    4. D.
      these mice hadn’t been given enough caffeine
  4. 4.

    Which is the best title of the article?

    1. A.
      Human and Mice
    2. B.
      New Radiation Defense—Coffee
    3. C.
      Deadly Radiation—Gamma Radiation
    4. D.
      Mice Died of Caffeine
  5. 5.

    In paragraph 2,the underlined word “ lethal ”means   

    1. A.
      causing death
    2. B.
      lively
    3. C.
      exciting
    4. D.
      rich

Bob was a clever college student, but his family was poor, so he had to work after class and during his holidays to get enough money for his studies.
One summer he got a job in a butcher's shop (肉店) during the day time, and another in a hospital at night. In the shop, he learned to cut and sell meat. He did so well that the butcher went into a room behind the shop to do all the accounts ( 算账) .In the hospital, of course, Bob was told to do only the easiest jobs. He helped to lift people and carry them from one part of the hospital to another. Both in the butcher's shop and in the hospital, Bob had to wear white clothes.
One evening in the hospital, Bob had to help to carry a woman from her bed to the operating - room. The woman already felt frightened when she thought about the operation. When she saw Bob coming to get her, she felt even more frightened.
"No! No!" she cried. "Not a butcher! I won't let a butcher operate on me!" with these words ,she fainted away

  1. 1.

    Bob had to work after class and during his holidays because_________

    1. A.
      his father told him to make more friends
    2. B.
      he wanted to become a rich man
    3. C.
      his family couldn’t support him
    4. D.
      he had nothing to do at home
  2. 2.

    One summer Bob_________

    1. A.
      wanted to become not only a butcher but also a doctor
    2. B.
      got two different jobs at two places
    3. C.
      was free only at night
    4. D.
      worked only during the daytime
  3. 3.

    In the hospital, Bob's job was_________

    1. A.
      to take care of the wounded soldiers
    2. B.
      to give the doctor's advice
    3. C.
      to find out what was wrong with the sick people
    4. D.
      to carry the sick people from one place to another
  4. 4.

    When the woman saw Bob,_________

    1. A.
      she was so frightened that she fainted away
    2. B.
      She was frightened and then got so excited that she fainted away
    3. C.
      She was very disappointed
    4. D.
      She was quite pleased
  5. 5.

    Which of the following statements is TRUE?

    1. A.
      Bob was an unknown doctor
    2. B.
      Bob was a butcher and he studied at college in the evening
    3. C.
      When the woman saw Bob, she thought he was going to operate on her
    4. D.
      Bob worked in a butcher's shop and helped to do the accounts

Shopping is not as simple as you think! There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we reach out for that particular brand of product on the shelf.
Coloring, for example, varies according to what the producers are trying to sell. Health foods are packages in greens, yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy colors. Ice cream packets are often blue and expensive foods, like chocolates, are gold and silver.
When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.
The size of a product can attract a shopper. But quite often a bottle doesn’t contain as much as it appears to.
It is believed that the better-known companies spend, on average, 70 percent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging.
The most successful producers know that it’s not enough to have a good product. The founder of Pears soap, who for 25 years has used pretty little girls to promote their goods, came to the conclusion: “Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it.”

  1. 1.

    Which of the following may trick a shopper into buying a product according to the text?

    1. A.
      The cost of its package
    2. B.
      The price of the product
    3. C.
      The color of its package
    4. D.
      The brand name of the product
  2. 2.

    The underlined part in paragraph 3 means that the colors ________

    1. A.
      attracted the customers strongly
    2. B.
      had weak effect on the customers
    3. C.
      tricked the customers into shopping
    4. D.
      caused the customers to lose interest
  3. 3.

    Which of the following would be the best title for this text?

    1. A.
      Choice of Good Products
    2. B.
      Disadvantages of Products
    3. C.
      Effect of Packaging on Shopping
    4. D.
      Brand Names and Shopping Tricks

Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. As a child, he was slow to learn to talk. As a pupil, he was backward. But when he was fourteen years old, he became clever. He taught himself maths from textbooks. He studied hard because he wanted to be a physicist.
In 1901,Einstein began teaching. In 1902 he continued his studies at the University of Zurich. Several years later, he formulated(系统地阐述)his famous Theory of Relativity(相对论).To most people the law of relativity is difficult to explain. But once Einstein explained it very well to a group of young students. He said," When you sit with a good girl for two hours, you think it is only a minute. But when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, you think it's two hours. That is relativity."
After Hitler came into power in Germany, Einstein went to America. In 1940 Einstein became an American citizen. In 1955, Einstein's life ended at the age of seventy-six

  1. 1.

    When Einstein was a pupil of twelve, he _______

    1. A.
      was not quick in learning to talk
    2. B.
      was poor in his studies
    3. C.
      studied very hard
    4. D.
      hardly lagged behind
  2. 2.

    The law of relativity is_______

    1. A.
      very hard for most people to understand
    2. B.
      too hard for Einstein himself to explain
    3. C.
      too hard to explain to anybody except Einstein
    4. D.
      easy to understand only for the young students
  3. 3.

    When did Einstein become an American citizen?

    1. A.
      He was an American citizen until 1940
    2. B.
      Not until he had reached the age of 61 did he become an American citizen
    3. C.
      He did not become an American citizen until 1955
    4. D.
      He became an American citizen in the year when Hitler came into power
  4. 4.

    Which of the following do you think is true?

    1. A.
      The Germans owed their scientific progress to Einstein
    2. B.
      The Americans owed all their economic development to Einstein
    3. C.
      Einstein gave a great deal to the modern world
    4. D.
      Einstein made a very great contribution to modern science
  5. 5.

    The title for this passage should be " _______ "

    1. A.
      Theory of Relativity
    2. B.
      An American Citizen
    3. C.
      Albert Einstein
    4. D.
      Einstein's Contribution

A serious problem for today's society is who should be responsible for our elderly and how to improve their lives. It is not only a financial problem but also a question of the system we want for our society. I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem.
First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose. But when a company must take life-long responsibility for its employees, it may suffer from a commercial disadvantage due to higher employee costs.
Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility to the individual. This means each person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement. This does not seem a very fair model since some people have enough trouble paying for their daily life without trying to earn extra to cover their retirement years. This means the government might have to step in to care for the poor.
In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions. Furthermore, some institutions should be created for senior citizens, which can help provide a comfortable life for them. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this is not a truly viable answer. The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young.
One further solution is that the government or social organizations establish some working places especially for the elderly where they are independent.
To sum up, all these options have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations

  1. 1.

    What is the passage mainly about?

    1. A.
      The problems faced by the old in society
    2. B.
      Why we should take responsibility for the old
    3. C.
      How we can improve the lives of the old
    4. D.
      Where the old can go to get their pensions
  2. 2.

    The underlined word "viable" most probably means"       "

    1. A.
      impossible
    2. B.
      practical
    3. C.
      useful
    4. D.
      important
  3. 3.

    What is the writer's main purpose in writing this article?

    1. A.
      To point out the need for government support for old people
    2. B.
      To make general readers aware of the problems of retired people
    3. C.
      To discuss some possible solutions to an important social problem
    4. D.
      To instruct retired people on how they can have a happier life
  4. 4.

    The text is most likely to be found in a book about____

    1. A.
      social science
    2. B.
      historical events
    3. C.
      political problem
    4. D.
      political systems

Want to be perfect at a holiday dinner party? Follow these tips on good manners, and your dinner companions are sure to be thankful.
*Arrive no earlier than the time the host has announced and no later than half an hour after the time.
*Plan to stay about an hour after dinner unless travel plans or sleepy children which make you leave a bit earlier.
*Bring a gift and write a note of thanks afterwards.
*Offer to help set up for dinner and to clean afterwards.
*Tell the host of any special dietary needs---if you are a vegetarian, diabetic or allergic to common foods. You can tell the host how to prepare a dish you can eat, or even better, offer to bring that dish yourself.
*If you’re going to a potluck (百乐餐) dinner, bring a serving dish with you as an offer. Remember, the best potluck dishes are those that need little preparation in the host’s kitchen, can be served at room temperature and need only a fork to eat

  1. 1.

    To be a perfect guest, you should _______

    1. A.
      never be late for a holiday dinner party
    2. B.
      leave right away after meal if necessary
    3. C.
      bring a gift with some words of thanks on
    4. D.
      help to make table and clean afterwards
  2. 2.

    “Diabetic or allergic” here refers to people who _____

    1. A.
      have some special needs for certain foods
    2. B.
      are more important than other dinner companions
    3. C.
      never try some common foods served at dinner
    4. D.
      always bring dishes to dinner themselves
  3. 3.

    According to the passage, potluck dinner dishes are those  _______

    1. A.
      usually given by the guests
    2. B.
      carefully prepared in the kitchen
    3. C.
      served only at room temperature
    4. D.
      eaten only with a fork and knife
  4. 4.

    The passage is mainly written for  _____

    1. A.
      holiday makers
    2. B.
      companions
    3. C.
      dinner hosts
    4. D.
      dinner guests

Most dog owners feel that their dogs are their best friends. Almost everyone likes dogs because they try hard to please their owners. One of my favorite stories is about a dog who wanted his owner to please him.
One of my friends has a large German shepherd ( 牧羊狗) named Jack. Every Sunday afternoon, my friend takes Jack for a walk in the park. Jack likes these long walks very much. One Sunday afternoon, a young man came to visit my friend. He stayed a long time, and he talked and talked.
Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for his walk, but the visitor didn’t leave. Jack became very worried about his walk in the park. He walked around the room several times and then sat down directly in front of the visitor and looked at him. But the visitor paid no attention. He continued talking. Finally, Jack couldn’t stand it any longer. He went out of the room and came back a few minutes later. He sat down again in front of the visitor, but this time he held the man’s hat in his mouth.
　German shepherds aren’t the only intelligent dogs. Another intelligent dog is a Seeing Eye dog. This is a special dog which helps blind people walk along the streets and do many other things. We call these dogs Seeing Eye dogs because they are the “eye” of the blind people and they help them to “see”. Seeing Eye dogs generally go to special schools for several years to learn to help blind people

  1. 1.

    The writer tells the story about the dog Jack to show that____

    1. A.
      it, like many other dogs, always tried to please its owner master
    2. B.
      it, unlike many other dogs, always wanted its master to please it
    3. C.
      it was more intelligent than many other dogs
    4. D.
      it was the most faithful dog of his friend’s
  2. 2.

    Jack came to sit in front of the visitor in order to____

    1. A.
      please him
    2. B.
      be pleased
    3. C.
      ask him to leave immediately
    4. D.
      invite him for a walk
  3. 3.

    The sentence “Finally, Jack couldn’t stand it any longer.” means___

    1. A.
      Jack could no longer put up with the visitor
    2. B.
      Jack could no longer stand but he might sit down
    3. C.
      Jack was very tired and wanted a rest
    4. D.
      Jack was very angry with the visitor
  4. 4.

    Which of the following titles would be the best for the passage?

    1. A.
      Dogs─A Great Help to People
    2. B.
      Dogs ─ Our Faithful Companions
    3. C.
      An Introduction to Dogs
    4. D.
      Famous Dogs in Germany
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