Whether you’re eating at a fancy restaurant or dining in someone’s home,proper table manners are likely to help you make a good impression.According to a US expert,Emily Post,“All rules of table manners are made to avoid ugliness.”

While Henry Hitchings of the Los Angeles Times admits that good manners can reduce social conflict,he points out that mostly their purpose is protective – they turn our natural warrior like selves into more elegant ones.

So where did table manners come from?

In medieval England,a writer named Petrus Alfonsi took the lead to urge people not to speak with their mouths full.And King David I of Scotland also proposed that any of his people who learned to eat more neatly be given a tax deduction (减除).

Disappointingly,that idea never caught on.It was during the Renaissance,when there were real technical developments,opinions of correct behavior changed for good. “None of these was more significant than the introduction of the table fork,” wrote Hitchings.“Gradually,as forks became popular,they brought the new way of eating,making it possible,for instance,to consume berries without making one’s fingers dirty.”

Forks were introduced to Britain in 1608 and 25 years later,the first table fork reached America. Yet while most of the essentials (基本要素) are the same on both sides of the Atlantic,there are a few clear differences between what’s normal in the US and what holds true in the UK.For example,in the US,when food needs cutting with a knife,people generally cut a bite,then lay aside the knife and switch the fork to their right hand. Then they pick up one bite at a time.By contrast,Britons keep the fork in the left hand and don’t lay the knife down.

Though globalization has developed a new,simpler international standard of table manners,some people still stick with the American cut and switch method. The Los Angeles Times noted,“They are hanging on to a form of behavior that favors manners above efficiency.”

1.What does the story mainly talk about?

A. The importance of proper table manners.

B. The development of table manners in Western countries.

C. Some unwritten rules of table manners in the US and UK.

D. Differences between American and British table manners.

2.The underlined phrase “caught on” in the passage probably means ______.

A. worked in practice

B. became popular

C. drew attention

D. had a positive effect

3.Which of the following events influenced people’s table manners most according to the article?

A. The introduction of forks.

B. The tax deduction policy.

C. The rise of the Renaissance.

D. Petrus Alfonsi’s efforts in promoting table manners.

4.What can we conclude from the article?

A. British and American table manners are completely different from each other.

B. American people pay more attention to their table manners than British people do.

C. With globalization,the American cut and switch method has been abandoned in the US.

D. British people’s way of using a knife and fork may be more efficient than American people’s.

完形填空

A few weeks after my first wife, Georgia, was called to heaven, I was cooking dinner for my son and myself. For a , I had decided on frozen peas. As I was cutting open the bag, it from my hand and crashed to the floor. The peas, like marbles, everywhere. I tried to use a broom, with each swipe they just rolled across the kitchen.

For the next week, every time I was in the , I found a pea---in a corner, or behind a table leg. They kept . Eight months later I pulled out the refrigerator to clean behind it, and . 12 frozen peas hidden underneath.

At the time I found those few remaining , I was in a new relationship with a wonderful .I’d met in a support group. After we married, I was reminded those peas under the refrigerator, and realized that my had been like that bag of frozen peas. It had shattered(破碎). My wife had died; I was in a new city with a busy job, and with a son having trouble his new surroundings and the of his mother. I was a bag of spilled frozen peas; my life had come apart and scattered.

When life gets you , when everything you know comes apart, and when you think you’ll never , remember that it’s just a bag of scattered frozen peas. The peas can be , and life will move on. You’ll find all the peas , including the ones that are hardest to find. And when you’ve got them you’ll start to feel whole again.

The life you know can break apart at any time. But you’ll have to , and how fast you collect your peas depends on you. Will you keep scattering them around with a broom, will you pick them up one by one and put your life back together?

1.A.drink B.vegetable C.fruit D.meat

2.A.slipped B.walked C.ran D.moved

3.A.rubbed B.rolled C.grew D.existed

4.A. so B.and C.although D.but

5.A.kitchen B.living room C.bedroom D.storeroom

6.A.turning up B.getting up C.taking up D.using up

7.A.left B.ate C.found D.planted

8.A.presents B.cans C.vegetables D.peas

9.A.woman B.child C.man D.boy

10.A.for B.of C.with D.in

11.A.wife B.life C.son D.friend

12.A.adjusting to B.leading to C.turning to D.adding to

13.A.thank B.loss C.help D.love

14.A.close B.near C.down D.wide

15.A.get it B.leave it C.take it D.make it

16.A.grew B.bought C.frozen D.collected

17.A.specially B.fortunately C.properly D.eventually

18.A.both B.all C.either D.each

19.A.move on B.put on C.bring on D.call on

20.A.while B.because C.or D.since

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