Question

【题目】 Antiquities are ancient objects and artworks. Many people visit museums to view antiquities. They enjoy seeing these relics of the ancient world as a way of understanding past cultures and sometimes connecting with their own heritage.

Museums get works to show from many different sources. Sometimes they buy them. Other times they receive donations. Today there are strict guidelines forbidding art that has been stolen from other countries. However, antiquities that have been at museums for many years or even centuries may have arrived there by dishonest means. Now, some countries say that museums have a duty to return these antiquities to their original locations.

Should museums return the antiquities? Experts disagree. Malcolm Bell says yes. Bell is a professor of art at the University of Virginia. He says, “Many antiquities and works of art have special cultural value for a particular community or nation. When these works are taken from their original cultural setting, they lose their context and the culture loses a part of its history.”

According to Bell, a country’s request for the return of an antiquity “usually has a strong legal basis.” “It was exported (出口) illegally, probably also dug out illegally, and is now stolen property (财物).” He called the return of antiquities “an expression of justice”.

James Cuno says not always. Cuno is the president of the J. Paul Getty Trust, an art museum in Los Angeles. Cuno agrees that museums have a legal duty to return illegally exported antiquities. However, he doesn’t support the return of works which were got legally. “Land held today by a given nation-state in the past likely belonged to a different country...even if one wanted to return those stolen works of art, where would one do so? Which among the many countries, cities, and museums that own parts of a work of art should be the home of the returned work?” Cuno believes that museums should collect art from the world’s various cultures. This should be done “through buying or long-term loan (长期租借) and working together with museums and nations around the world.”

This debate is far from over. As a complex question with no easy answer, the issue requires more study.

【1】What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?

A.Museums got antiquities through various means.

B.Antiquities from other countries are more valuable.

C.Antiquities are greatly appreciated by foreign visitors.

D.Museums around the world have lost many antiquities.

【2】Both Bell and Cuno seem to agree that ___________.

A.illegally-owned antiquities should not be shown

B.museums should return illegally-owned antiquities

C.antiquities from other countries may lose its cultural value

D.museums should collect antiquities from different cultures

【3】What is the author’s attitude toward the issue?

A.Positive.B.Negative.

C.Objective.D.Uninterested.

【4】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

I: Introduction P: Point SP: Sub-point C: Conclusion

A.B.

C.D.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了博物馆中一些通过不正当手段得来的文物是否应该归还的问题，一些专家不同意归还，而另一些则认为应该归还，这场辩论远未结束。这是一个复杂的问题，没有简单的答案，需要更多的研究。

【1】细节理解题。根据第二段中Museums get works to show from many different sources. Sometimes they buy them. Other times they receive donations.可知博物馆展出的作品来自许多不同的来源。有时他们会购买。其他时候他们接受捐赠。由此可知，博物馆通过各种方式获得古物。故选A。

【2】细节理解题。根据第四段中According to Bell, a country’s request for the return of an antiquity “usually has a strong legal basis.” “It was exported illegally, probably also dug out illegally, and is now stolen property.” He called the return of antiquities “an expression of justice”.可知Bell说，一个国家要求归还文物“通常有很强的法律依据”。“它是非法出口的，也可能是非法挖出来的，现在是赃物。”他称归还文物是“正义的表现”。以及倒数第二段中Cuno agrees that museums have a legal duty to return illegally exported antiquities.可知Cuno也认为，博物馆有法律义务归还非法出口的文物。由此可知，Bell 和Cuno都同意博物馆应该归还非法拥有的文物。故选B。

【3】推理判断题。根据最后一段This debate is far from over. As a complex question with no easy answer, the issue requires more study.可知这场辩论远未结束。这是一个复杂的问题，没有简单的答案，需要更多的研究。由此可推知，文中没有提到作者对此的看法，作者对于这个问题的态度是客观的。故选C。

【4】推理判断题。分析文章结构可知，第一段起总起作用，说明博物馆中有许多艺术品；第二段介绍文章主旨，说明博物馆中艺术品和古物的来源，以及提出博物馆是否应当归还通过不正当手段得来的文物；第三段为第一个次要点，即专家不同意博物馆归还文物；第四、五段为第二个次要点，说明一些人同意博物馆归还文物的做法；最后一段为总结段。故D选项最符合文章结构图。故选D。

观点态度题

常问作者对某事是什么态度：主观（subjective）还是客观（objective）；肯定（positive）还是否定（negative）；赞成（approval）还是反对（opposition）等等。解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。

确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：

1、问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；

2、如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。

如第三小题，根据最后一段This debate is far from over. As a complex question with no easy answer, the issue requires more study.可知这场辩论远未结束。这是一个复杂的问题，没有简单的答案，需要更多的研究。由此可推知，文中没有提到作者对此的看法，作者对于这个问题的态度是客观的。故选C。