Question

【题目】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

We already know that the underwater world is anything but silent. It is full of natural sounds produced by animals and by the motion of the atmosphere and water. But today’s researchers are increasingly concerned about the man-made noises under the water. They are confusing whales and other marine animals

Although hearing is important to all animals, the special qualities of the undersea world emphasize the use of sound. Underwater sound allows marine animals to gather information and communicate at great distances and from all directions. Loud underwater noises can cause damage to their hearing. And nowadays it's becoming too much for marine wildlife. Evidence shows that whales will swim hundreds of miles, rapidly change their depth, and even beach themselves to get away from the sounds of sonar.

You might think lower noises, typically caused by shipping or construction, do not pose a threat to marine animals. In fact, while they may not kill the animals directly, they can disturb their ability to locate food, find mates and avoid predators (掠食动物)).Scientists looked at the effects of noise from small motorboats on coral-reef fish at the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. In the lab, the fish had been trained to recognize the smell of three common predators as a threat. Some fish were trained in the presence of boat noise, while the others had training with the natural sounds of the ocean. It turned out that the first group showed no fright reactions when exposed to the predator. However, the other group was scared. And under the influence of underwater noise on this group, only 20 percent of fish survived, compared to almost 70 percent of unexposed fish.

Humans rely on the ocean for its natural resources and biodiversity. The ocean also plays an important role in regulating( 调节)temperatures, As Cousteau said, "For most of history, man has had to fight nature to survive; in this century he is beginning to realize that, in order to survive, he must protect it.

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Answer 1

【答案】Although underwater world is not silent, man-made sound is doing great harm to marine animal. (要点1) Important as underwater sound is to animals there, loud noises in the sea threatens their normal life. (要点2) According to scientists’ research, the survival rate of fish drops sharply under the influence of noise, whether loud or not. (要点3) Thus, with the benefits of ocean to the environment and temperature, people must protect it rather than fight it.(要点4)

【解析】

这是一篇概要写作。

概要写作

写作步骤

1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要说明了虽然水下世界不是无声的，但人为的声音对海洋动物造成了极大的危害。尽管水下声音对那里的动物很重要，但海洋中的巨大噪音威胁着它们的正常生活。根据科学家的研究，在噪音的影响下，鱼的存活率急剧下降，不管噪音是大还是小。因此，随着海洋对环境和温度的好处，人们必须保护它而不是对抗它。

2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。

3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。本文中要点有三：第一，介绍福建木偶戏；第二，木偶戏目前面临的问题；第三，对此人们采取的措施。

4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：

（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。

（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。

（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。

（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。

（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。