题目内容

1．surplus　2．suspension　3．systematic　4．tendency　5．tentative　6．tissue　7．tournament　8．tram　9．transparent　10．trolleybus

请用以上单词的正确形式填空。

1．We've noticed a growing ________ for people to work at home instead of in offices．

2．He took a ________ attitude towards the matter．

3．Dave was ________ from school for a week．

4．Most of his furniture is now ________ to requirements．

5．It's ________ that he's mistaken．

答案：
解析：

1．tendency　2．tentative　3．suspended　4．surplus　5．transparent


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The term food "recovery" refers to the Collection, or recovery, of healthy food from farmers' fields, retail stores, or foodservice establishments for distribution to the poor and hungry. Food recovery programs operate across the United States and target many different levels of the food marketing system. A few are large operations with offices in many States, but most are small local programs that depend largely on the efforts of volunteers from the surrounding community.

Once surplus food has been “recovered” or prevented from going to waste, volunteers pick up and deliver the food to groups that serve the needy, either directly through neighborhood charitable organizations, such as food chambers and soup kitchens, or indirectly through food banks. In addition to providing additional quantities of food to hungry people, food recovery  efforts can also provide food banks with the ability to offer clients more variety and nutrients (营养) in their diets by adding fiber-rich fresh fruits and vegetables and grain products to the typical offerings of indefectible canned and boxed goods.

Food recovery also has benefits that extend beyond providing food to the needy. For example, the additional food supplied by recovery programs allows agencies that serve the disadvantaged to reallocate money to other needed services, money that they would have otherwise spent on food. These efforts also provide clean fields and tax savings for farmers who donate (捐赠) unharvested crops and reduce waste-removal fees for supermarkets and foodservice establishments.

Food recovery, however, is not without cost. Recovery operations face a number of logistical (后勤的) and financial obstacles in the course of turning "lost" food into food suitable for consumption. At times, these obstacles are quite powerful. They include locating food donors and making them aware of organizations that channel donated food to the needy; obtaining financial  resources for transporting, storing, and packaging donated foods; securing labor, whether paid or volunteer; and training those workers in safe food handling and preparation methods.

　　 1. Food recovery programs mainly aim at——.

　　　　 A. collecting money from donors to deal with the food waste problem

　　　　 B. collecting money from donors to provide food to the needy

　　　　 C. collecting money and healthy food to provide food to the needy

　　　　 D. collecting money and healthy food for charitable organizations

　　 2. In addition to providing food to the needy, food recovery programs also——.

　　      A. distribute money directly to the needy

　　　　  B. help farmers improve their productivity

　　　　  C. are involved in other charitable services

　　　　  D. help some agencies reduce food waste

　　 3. Which of the following is NOT the cost of food recovery mentioned in the passage?

　　　　  A. Publication for food recovery courses.

　　　　  B. Collecting money for recovery courses.

　　　　  C. Enrolling volunteers for recovery courses.

　　　　  D. Encountering some obstacles from the government.

　　 4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

　　　　  A. Food recovery programs are mainly involved in charitable services.

　　　　  B. Food recovery programs are involved in promoting nutritional balance.

　　　　  C. All staff of Food recovery programs are volunteers without pay.

　　　　  D. Many supermarkets and farmers are involved in Food recovery programs.

 

The term food "recovery" refers to the Collection, or recovery, of healthy food from farmers' fields, retail stores, or foodservice establishments for distribution to the poor and hungry. Food recovery programs operate across the United States and target many different levels of the food marketing system. A few are large operations with offices in many States, but most are small local programs that depend largely on the efforts of volunteers from the surrounding community.

Once surplus food has been “recovered” or prevented from going to waste, volunteers pick up and deliver the food to groups that serve the needy, either directly through neighborhood charitable organizations, such as food chambers and soup kitchens, or indirectly through food banks. In addition to providing additional quantities of food to hungry people, food recovery  efforts can also provide food banks with the ability to offer clients more variety and nutrients (营养) in their diets by adding fiber-rich fresh fruits and vegetables and grain products to the typical offerings of indefectible canned and boxed goods.

Food recovery also has benefits that extend beyond providing food to the needy. For example, the additional food supplied by recovery programs allows agencies that serve the disadvantaged to reallocate money to other needed services, money that they would have otherwise spent on food. These efforts also provide clean fields and tax savings for farmers who donate (捐赠) unharvested crops and reduce waste-removal fees for supermarkets and foodservice establishments.

Food recovery, however, is not without cost. Recovery operations face a number of logistical (后勤的) and financial obstacles in the course of turning "lost" food into food suitable for consumption. At times, these obstacles are quite powerful. They include locating food donors and making them aware of organizations that channel donated food to the needy; obtaining financial  resources for transporting, storing, and packaging donated foods; securing labor, whether paid or volunteer; and training those workers in safe food handling and preparation methods.

　　 1. Food recovery programs mainly aim at——.

　　　　 A. collecting money from donors to deal with the food waste problem

　　　　 B. collecting money from donors to provide food to the needy

　　　　 C. collecting money and healthy food to provide food to the needy

　　　　 D. collecting money and healthy food for charitable organizations

　　 2. In addition to providing food to the needy, food recovery programs also——.

　　      A. distribute money directly to the needy

　　　　  B. help farmers improve their productivity

　　　　  C. are involved in other charitable services

　　　　  D. help some agencies reduce food waste

　　 3. Which of the following is NOT the cost of food recovery mentioned in the passage?

　　　　  A. Publication for food recovery courses.

　　　　  B. Collecting money for recovery courses.

　　　　  C. Enrolling volunteers for recovery courses.

　　　　  D. Encountering some obstacles from the government.

　　 4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

　　　　  A. Food recovery programs are mainly involved in charitable services.

　　　　  B. Food recovery programs are involved in promoting nutritional balance.

　　　　  C. All staff of Food recovery programs are volunteers without pay.

　　　　  D. Many supermarkets and farmers are involved in Food recovery programs.

 
The “balance of nature”is not an empty phrase. Nature provides a population to occupy a suitable environment and cuts down surplus population to fit the available food supply. One means of reducing surplus population is predators; others are parasitic diseases. Also, population density produces nervous disorders and even drives animals to mass migrations(移民群),like the lemmings of Norway who plunge（冲入）into the sea.

That predatory population increase to control other animals has long been known. Many years ago, the Hudson’s Bay Company records revealed that the fox population went up and down about a year after rabbit population had gone up and down.

Sometimes a situation occurs in which the predatory population is reduced to a level below which nature can readily replace. On Valcour Island in Lake Champlain, a costly campaign resulted in the elimination（消除）of predatory animals only to have birds and small animals increase for four years afterward. Then, lacking predator control, nature resorted to disease to cut down these populations.

Jamaica had an example of nature’s persistence in providing animals for existing habits. Sugar planters, about 75 years ago, imported mongooses（狐猴）to control rats. The mongooses killed off the rats, kids, puppies, and wildlife. Eventually, food became scarce and the mongoose’s population declines.

1. The fact that the number of predators has much to do with that of other animals 　　  .

A. is not recent knowledge　　　　　　　　　　　　　　    B.has just been learned

C.hasn’t been proved yet　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  D.is not important now

2. When predator control fails, nature brings animal population into balance by       .

A. eliminating the number of predators

B.seeking the help of disease to reduce other animals

C.increasing the number of other animals

D.replacing the number of predators immediately

3. When the mongooses killed off the rats they 　　  .

A. became problems themselves　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.ate the sugar crop

C.attacked humans　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   D.had nothing to eat

4. It is implied in this passage that 　　  .

A. sugar planter imported mongooses to control rats

B.man should never kill animals

C.man has complete control over nature

D.to upset the balance of nature can be troublesome

 

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Urbanization

　　Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city．The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago．　　1　　 In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural(乡村的)villages．It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history－a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living．

　　Britain was only the beginning．　　2　　．The process of urbanization－the migration(迁移)of people from the countryside to the city－was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live．

　　In 1990, fewer than 40％ of Americans lived in urban areas．Today, over 82％ of Americans live in cities．Only about 2％ live on farms．　　3　　．

　　Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized．Even in advanced agricultural societies．It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities．　　4　　．Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英)and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them．Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city．

　　Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country．　　5　　．Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers．

A．That kept cities very small．

B．The rest live in small towns．

C．The effects of urban living on people should be considered．

D．Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies．

E．But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities．

F．Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive．

G．Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings．

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