题目内容
19.This month,Germany's transport minister,Alexander Dobrindt,proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆).They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the"death valley"of autonomous vehicles:the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.
Dobrindt wants three things:that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel-to check email,say-the car's maker is responsible if there is a crash.
"The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,"says Dobrindt.It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers,he says.
Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers,consumers and lawyers."The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,"says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds,UK.
An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars,introduced earlier this year,insists that a human"be watchful and monitoring the road"at every moment.
But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars."When you say‘driverless cars',people expect driverless cars."Merat says."You know-no driver."Because of the confusion,Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.
Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own,says Ryan Calo at Stanford University,California.That is happening in the UK and Singapore,where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.
That would go down poorly in the US,however."The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,"says Calo.
12.What does the phrase"death valley"in Paragraph 2 refer to?D
A.A place where cars often break down.
B.A case where passing a law is impossible.
C.An area where no driving is permitted.
D.A situation where drivers'role is not clear.
13.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?D
A.It should get the attention of insurance companies.
B.It should be the main concern of law makers.
C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.
D.It should involve no human responsibility.
14.Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future inC.
A.Singapore B.the UK
C.the US D.Germany
15.What could be the best title for passage?A
A.Autonomous Driving:Whose Liability?
B.Fully Automatic Cars:A New Invention
C.Autonomous Vehicles:Driver Removed
D.Driverless Cars:Root of Road Accidents.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了有人提出了促进全自动驾驶,但是人们争论不休自动驾驶是否涉及人的责任.
解答 12---15 DDCA
12.D.词义猜测题.根据第二段The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the"death valley"of autonomous vehicles:the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future可知死亡谷"指的是交通规则不清楚的情况;故选D.
13.D.细节理解题.根据文章But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars."When you say‘driverless cars',people expect driverless cars."Merat says."You know-no driver可知消费者认为无人驾驶汽车的操作不该涉及到人的责任;故选D.
14.C.推理判断题.根据最后一段That would go down poorly in the US,however可知公共交通的无人驾驶车辆在美国没看到光明的未来;故选C.
15.A.推理判断题.根据最后一段That would go down poorly in the US,however."The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,"says Calo可知文章最好的标题是自主驾驶:谁的责任;故选A.
点评 一、速读全文,了解大意知主题.
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面.阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力.考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质.
二、看题干,带着问题读文章.
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等.其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位.此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率.
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题.
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义.要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全.推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等.
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎.
猜词是应用英语的重要能力.它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇.我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义.
A. | why | B. | where | C. | when | D. | how |