We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people think that craft(手艺) no longer exists.

One of the ways these people wrongly support their view is by pointing to 100-year-old homes which are still solid, and arguing that it is the craftsmanship that is responsible for their durability(持久性). “Homes in those days were well-built,” they say. No doubt these homes were well-built, but what these people have done is mix up the quality of material used in the house with the quality of the craftsmanship.

Homes today could be built to last just as long as those old homes if people were willing or able to pay the price. For example, more people can no longer afford solid oak stairways, although they were once fairly common in older homes. Nor can they afford the high labor cost of employing a carpenter(木匠) to build the stairway. Yet if someone can pay the high cost, there are still plenty of carpenters around able to make those stairways. And not only would these carpenters know how to build them, they would probably do a better job than carpenters of old.

One thing the modern carpenter has which enables him to do a better job is much more advanced tools. Such tools as laser beams and power planes help them lay out a house better and make more precision cuts(精确切割)on the wood. Also, it is not uncommon any more to find carpenters with college degrees and carpenters with a solid knowledge of mathematics, which would enable them to deal with more difficult house designs.

The problem of modern quality, then, really boils down to the problem of material, for the modern carpenter is just as able to produce craftsmanship as the carpenter of fifty years ago, but only if given proper material.

1. Compared to the carpenters in the past, modern carpenters are__________.

A. more learned B. more successful

C. more imaginative D. more hardworking

2.What does the underlined word “they” (paragraph2) refer to?________

A. Carpenters who are fond of oak stairways.

B. Carpenters who have college degrees.

C. people who think that modern material is of low quality.

D. people who think highly of carpenters of old

3. What does the third paragraph mainly discuss? ________

A. People in the past preferred to use oak to build stairways.

B. It is now expensive to employ a carpenter.

C. Good carpenters still exist in modern times.

D. Modern houses last as long as the old one.

4.What would be the best title for the text? ________

A. Craft, Back to Life.

B. Is Craft Dead.

C. History of Craftsmanship

D. Carpenters Today and Yesterday

A Dutch artist and designer has come up with a device which he hopes will get rid of pollutants from Beijing's smog skies, creating clean air for the city's mask-wearing people.

An electromagnetic field(电磁场) will pull particles(微粒) in the smog to the ground where they can be easily cleaned.

“It's like when you have a balloon which has static(静电) and your hair goes toward it. Same with the smog,” says artist Daan Roosegaarde.

His studio has reached an agreement with the Beijing government to test the technology in one of tile capital's parks.

With its skies regularly covered by dirty gray smog, Beijing this week announced a series of emergency measures to handle the problem.

Roosegaarde says an indoor model device has already proven it works and is confident that the results — with the help of a team of scientists and engineers — can be replicated outside.

“Beijing is quite a good place because the smog in Beijing is quite low. It lies in a valley so there's not so much wind. It's a good environment to explore this kind of thing.”

“We'll be able to purify the air and the challenge is to get the top of the smog so you can see the sun again.”

Roosegaarde acknowledges that projects like this are a way of drawing attention to the problem, rather than a practical solution to Beijing's awful air pollution.

“This is not the real answer for smog. The real answer has to do with clean cars, different industry and different lifestyles.”

However, he hopes the project will make a “fundamental statement” by allowing the city's people to realize the difference between breathing clean and smog-filled air.

1.The device works by _______.

A. helping keep the particles out with more masks

B. pulling pollutants to the ground with an electromagnetic field

C. absorbing hair with a balloon with static

D. creating clean air and let it out into the sky

2.According to the passage, ______ .

A. the Beijing government has agreed to use the technology in Beijing

B. they have proven the results of the device both indoors and outdoors

C. the results of the air-cleaning device can be expectable

D. the Beijing government has never done anything to handle the air pollution

3.What does Roosegaarde really mean by saying “Beijing is quite a good place…... ”?

A. The air pollution in Beijing is not quite serious.

B. The weather in Beijing is good for foreigners to live in.

C. Beijing is quite fit for using the air-cleaning device.

D. It is easy to get the top of the smog in Beijing.

4.Roosegaarde appeals to people in Beijing to ________.

A. pay attention to air pollution and solve the problem finally

B. invent more devices to clean the smog in Beijing

C. drive modern cars and try different lifestyles

D. realize how serious the pollution they're facing is

I call my story the story of a bad boy, partly to distinguish myself from those faultless young gentlemen, and partly because I really was not an angel. I may truthfully say I was a friendly, impulsive(易冲动的)teenager. I didn’t want to be an angel. In short, I was a real human boy, such as you may meet anywhere in New England.

Whenever a new scholar came to our school, I used to ask him “My name’s Tom Bailey; what’s your name?” If the name struck me favorably, I shook hands with the new pupil cordially, but if it didn’t, I would turn and walk away, for I was particular on this point.

I was born in Rivermouth almost fifty years ago, but, before I became very well acquainted with that pretty New England town, my parents moved to New Orleans. I was only eighteen months old at the time of the move, and it didn’t make much difference to me where I was, because several years later, when my father proposed to take me North to be educated, I had my own view on the subject. I instantly kicked over the little boy, Sam, who happened to be standing by me at the moment, and declared that I would not be taken away to live among a lot of Yankees! You see I was what is called “a Northern man with Southern principles,” I had no recollection of New England: my earliest memories were connected with the South. I knew I was born in the North, but hoped nobody would find it out. I never told my schoolmates I was a Yankee, because they talked about Yankees in a scornful way which made me feel that it was quite a shame not to be born in the South.

And this impression was strengthened by Aunt Chloe, who said, “There wasn’t no gentlemen in the North no way.”

With this picture of Northern civilization in my eye, the readers will easily understand my terror at the bare thought of being transported to Rivermouth to school, and possibly will forgive me for kicking over little Sam, when my father announced this to me. As for kicking little Sam, I always did that, more or less gently, when anything went wrong with me.

My father was greatly troubled by this violent behavior. As little Sam picked himself up, my father took my hand in his and led me thoughtfully to the library. He appeared strangely puzzled on learning the nature of my objections to going North.

“Who on earth, Tom, has filled your brain with those silly stories?” asked my father calmly.

“Aunt Chloe, sir, she told me.”

My father devoted that evening and several evenings to giving me a clear account of New England: its early struggles, its progress, and its present condition. I was no longer unwilling to go North; on the contrary, the proposed journey to a new world full of wonders kept me awake nights. Long before the moving day arrived I was eager to be off. My impatience was increased by the fact that my father had purchased for me a fine little Mustang pony, and shipped it to Rivermouth two weeks before the date set for our own journey. The pony completely resigned me to the situation. The pony’s name was Gitana, which is the Spanish for “gypsy”, so I always called her Gypsy.

Finally the time came to leave the vine-covered mansion among the orange-trees, to say goodbye to little Sam(I am convinced he was heartily glad to get rid of me), and to part with Aunt Chloe. I imagine them standing by the open garden gate; the tears are rolling down Aunt Chloe’s cheeks; they and the old home fade away. I am never to see them again!

1.The second paragraph is intended to _______.

A. support Tom’s opinion that he is a “faultless young gentlemen”

B. show just how much confidence Tom possesses

C. contradict other people’s belief that Tom is not a well-behaved, friendly boy

D. provide an example that Tom is friendly and not an angel

2.The underlined word “cordially” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “________”.

A. sincerely B. unbelievably

C. officially D. closely

3.Tom Bailey’s feeling on moving to Rivermouth can best be described as _______.

A. cold, as he was too young to know any better

B. unwilling until his father corrected his misunderstandings about life in the North

C. angry because he would be forced to leave his pony, Gypsy, behind

D. excited until he realized that he would have to part with Aunt Chloe and little Sam

4.From what Aunt Chloe said, we can know_________.

A. She didn’t want Bailey to leave her.

B. She had prejudice towards Yankees.

C. She had a sad memory of living in the North.

D. Tom Bailey was brought up and loved by Aunt Chloe.

5.It can be inferred from “a Northern man with Southern principles” that ______.

A. Tom is a Yankee, unwilling to adapt to a Southern lifestyle

B. even though Tom now lives in the South, he is proud of his Northern heritage

C. Tom has successfully subscribed to some Northern values and some Southern values

D. although Tom was born in New England he liked the way of life and culture in the South

6.At the end of the story, Tom Bailey went to North______.

A. sadly B. reluctantly

C. impatiently D. willingly

书面表达

请阅读下面文字,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

"Are you happy?" I asked my brother, Ian, one day.

"Yes. No. It depends on what you mean," he said.

"Then tell me," I said, "when was the last time you think you were happy?"

"April 1967," he said.

I added up my little moments of pleasure yesterday. First, there was enough happiness when I shut the last lunchbox and had the house to myself. Then, I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, which I love. When the kids came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.

You never know where happiness will turn up next. When I asked friends what made them happy, some mentioned seemingly insignificant moments. "I hate shopping," one friend said. "But there's this clerk who always chats and really cheers me up." Another friend loves the telephone. "Every time it rings, I know someone is thinking about me."

We all experience moments like these. Too few of us register them as happiness. While happiness may be more complex for us, the solution is the same as ever. Happiness isn't about what happens to us; it's about how we perceive(看待) what happens to us. It's the best way of finding a positive for every negative, and viewing a set-back as a challenge. It's not wishing for what we don't have, but enjoying what we do possess.

[写作内容]

1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容;

2.以约120个词以 “happiness” 为主题写一篇短文,内容包括:

(1)你认为幸福是什么并说明理由;

(2)怎样才能得到幸福快乐?

[写作要求]

1.写作过程中不能直接饮用原文语句;

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;

3.不必写标题。

[评分标准]

内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。

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阅读表达

阅读下面短文并回答问题,然后将答案写在试卷相应的位置(请注意每题的词数要求)。

【1】A safari park is a park in which wild animals are kept. They are mainly located in east or central Africa. They often occupy a very wild area, with mountains and rivers. To visit the park and look at the animals, people have to drive around in a car for a few of hours because the park is huge.

【2】In south Africa there is a safari park, which contains all sorts of wild animals like lions, elephants, rhinoceroses(犀牛), zebras, wild pigs, deer and giraffes.

【3】There is a wild road leading through the park, but nobody is permitted to walk on the road. Anyone traveling in the park has to go in a car because wild animals may fiercely attack people. From the car he may see almost every types of African wildlife. Some of these are getting scarce (稀有的) because people kill them for various reasons. For example, rhinoceroses are killed for their horns (角), which are used in traditional Chinese medicines for colds and headaches. Perhaps they will be seen only in museums and books one day.

【4】Travels may buy food for the animals. They can feed them when they tour the park. Of course, they should not feed them in a close distance because the wild animals may attack people. In addition, they should only give proper food to the animals.

【5】A traveler may carry a gun with him in his journey. The gun is given to him by the government. However, it is not used for hunting. In fact, a seal(封条) is fixed to it. The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in case he is attacked. However, he has to prove to the government that he has been attacked and that he has not fired at a harmless animal.

1.List one of the reasons why travelers have to stay in a car during their visit.(no more than 6 words)

_____________________________________________________________________

2.Why are rhinoceroses getting scarce?(no more than 7words)

_____________________________________________________________________

3.What warning are given to travelers when they feed the animals?(no more than 15 words)

_____________________________________________________________________

4.How does the government know the gun is fired?(no more than 10 words)

_____________________________________________________________________

5.What is the passage mainly about?(no more than 6 words)_____________________________________________________________________

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