Question

8．It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes．They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment．They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks．
It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions（性情），but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are，as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern，by observing our own behavior．We can be strangers to ourselves．If we knew our own minds，why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior？If our minds were an open book，we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes．Actually，we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are．
Moreover，we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character-we infer characters that weren't there before．Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us，which we fail to recognize．Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't．Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us．We should not believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition．
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make，people become what they do，though it may not be in compliance（符合）with their true desires．Therefore，we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice："We are what we pretend to be，so we must be careful about what we pretend to be．"

12．According to the passage，personalities and attitudes are commonly believed toA
A．determine one's behavior
B．reflect one's taste
C．influence one's surroundings
D．result from one's habits
13．Which of the following would Daryl Bern most probably agree with？D
A．A kind person will offer his seat to the old．
B．One buys latte out of true love of coffee．
C．One recycles plastics to protect the environment．
D．The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty．
14．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage？B
A．We fail to realize our inner dispositions．
B．We can be influenced by outside pressures．
C．Our behavior is the result of our true desires．
D．Our characters can shape our social relationships．
15．What does the author mainly discuss in the passage？C
A．Personalities and attitudes．
B．Preferences and habits．
C．Behavior and personalities．
D．Attitudes and preferences．

Answer 1

分析 人们的行为是由什么来决定的？通常认为人的行为决定于人的内在"性情"．但是许多时候，我们却需要通过人的行为来认识人的内心，因为行为并非总能代表人的真实内心．

解答 12．A．细节理解题．从第一段It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes．一句可知，人们通常认为"品格和态度"决定人们的行为．故选A．
13．D．推理判断题．从第二段but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are，as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern，by observing our own behavior．一句可知，与通常认为的"内在"（性情）决定"外在"（行为）不同，许多时候，我们需要通过我们的行为来认识我们的内心．这是Daryl Bern 提议的．A、B、C三项都是"内在"决定"外在"的例子．D项中是"外在"显示"内在"，故选D．
14．B．推理判断题．文章第三段说到：Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us，下文"回收垃圾"和"买咖啡"都是说明该论点的论据．我们回收垃圾不是因为我们保护环境的内心，而是因为存在外界可能的负面评价的压力所致．故选B．
15．C．主旨大意题．本文主要讨论如何认识人们的行为（外在）与品性（内在）之间的内在联系及因果关系．故选C项

点评 本文是一篇社会文化类阅读，题目涉及多道主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题．做题时学生应仔细阅读原文，把握文章主要内容，联系文章上下文内容并结合所给选项含义，从中选出正确答案，一定要做到有理有据，切忌胡乱猜测．