题目内容

5.When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago,dogs were by their sides,according to a study published in the journal Science.
Robert Wayne of the University of California,Los Angeles,and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute,used DNA material-some of it unearthed by miners in Alaska-to conclude that today's domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10,000to 15,000years ago.Wayne suggests that man's best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America."Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge,"said Wayne."They can pull things,carry things,defend you from fierce animals,and they're useful to eat."
Researchers have agreed that today's dog is the result of the domestication(驯化) of wolves thousands of years ago.Before this recent study,a common thought about the precise origin of North America's domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves,the descendents(后代) of which now live with people in Alaska,Canada,and the Lower 48.
Dog remains  from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion.Leonard,an evolutionary biologist,collected DNA from 11bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永冻层) until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s.The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City,where they remained untouched for more than 70years.After borrowing the bones from the museum,Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs.They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450and 1675A.D.,before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741.The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of"pure native American dogs,"Leonard said.The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendents of wolves from North America.
Along with the Fairbanks samples,the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37dog specimens(标本) from Mexico,Peru,and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus.In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America,the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia.This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge.
Leonard and Wayne's study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas.Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along."Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep,"Wayne said."They didn't feed on mice; they fed on meat,which was a very guarded resource."

27.The underlined word"remains"is closed in meaning toB.
A.leftover food     B.dead bodies     
C animal waste.     D.living environment
28.According to the study described in Paragraph 4,we can learn thatA.
A.the bones studied were not from dogs brought into North America by Europeans
B.the 11bones of ancient dogs are not from native American dogs
C.the bones discovered by the gold miners were from North American wolves
D.ancient dogs entered North America between 1450and 1675AD
29.What can we know from the passage?B
A.Native Americans domesticated local wolves into dogs.
B.Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge.
C.Latin America's dogs are different from North America's in genes.
D.Scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in 1920s.
30.The first humans into the New World brought dogs along with them becauseD.
A.dogs fed on mice
B.dogs were easy to keep
C.dogs helped protect their resources
D.dogs could provide excellent service
31.The passage mainly talks aboutA.
A.the origin of the North American dogs
B.the DNA study of ancient dogs in America
C.the reasons why early people entered America
D.the difference between Asian and American dogs.

分析 本文是科普性文章.说明了在几千年前狗陪同人们一起跨过白令大陆桥进入北美大陆,并且在此繁殖起来.而通过检测发掘出的狗骨头的DNA也证实了这一点.

解答 27.B.词意猜测题.根据第四段第二句话"Leonard,an evolutionary biologist,collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs thatwere locked in permafrost(永冻层)"说明是在冰冻层发现的狗的骨头,所以remain应该是尸体.B选项正确.
28.A.细节理解题.根据"They found the dogsall lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A.D before Vitus Bering andAleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741.."判断可知被研究的骨头不是欧洲人带到北美来的狗的骨头.所以A项正确.
29.B.细节题.根据第一段"When peoplefirst walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago,dogs were bytheir sides,according to a study published in the journal Science."据发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究,当人们几千年前第一次穿过白令海峡,狗也跟随着,所以B选项正确.
30.D 细节题.根据第二段""Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge,"said Wayne."They can pull things,carry things,defend you from fierceanimals,and they're useful to eat."这些都说明了人们之所以带着狗,是因为它们能为人们提供服务,由用处.所以D正确.
31.A推理题.文章第一段提到狗和人们一同跨过theBering Land Bridge,第二三四五段研究狗的DNA"to concludethat today's domestic dog originated in Asia","Researchers have agreed that today's dog is the resultof the domestication(驯化) of wolves thousands of years ago"发现狗是几千年前就经过驯化的,所以文章中心是谈论狗的起源.故选A.

点评 科教类文章理解难度偏大,因此考生可以先阅读题干要求,在带着问题阅读原文,没有对应题目的语段可直接略过,加快阅读速度,也方便做题.

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15."It's So Good"in French,was one of Eartha Mae Kitt's first hit songs.But her childhood wasn't so good.She was born into a poor family in South Carolina in nineteen twenty-seven.When Eartha was eight,her mother remarried.Her stepfather did not like her so she was sent to New York City to live with an aunt,who helped pay for her piano and dance lessons.
Eartha Kitt worked in a factory as a young teenager.But she kept up her dance lessons.One day she tried out for a famous African-American dance company.Soon,Eartha was performing in shows around the world with the Katherine Dunham Dance Troupe.
In Paris,Eartha left the dance company to sing in a nightclub.Her voice was very attracting.She learned French quickly and gained French fans.Soon the film director Orson Welles discovered Eartha Kitt singing in Paris.Welles asked her to play a lead part in a play he was directing.The play made her find her acting talent for the first time.
After that Eartha Kitt returned to New York and appeared in the Broadway show with"Monotonous",a song about a bored woman,and it became famous.She soon signed with a record company.
Then Eartha Kitt acted her first role in a film in nineteen fifty-seven in"Mark of the Hawk".Kitt was very careful about choosing her roles in films.She refused parts that were not respectful to black people.In nineteen sixty-seven,Eartha Kitt got the part of Catwoman on the popular television series"Batman".Fans loved the special way she said her"r"s to create a sound like a cat,which made her an unforgettable Catwoman.
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56.What did Eartha Kitt do when she first performed around the world?B
A.Sing   B.Dance    C.Direct   D.Act
57.Who helped Eartha Kitt find her acting talent?D
A.Her mother   B.Her aunt   C.Her stepfather   D.Orson Welles.
58.What is the order of the things that happened to Eartha Kitt?A
a.playing in her first film   
b.winning some French fans
c.living with an aunt
d.playing a role in a play
e.singing"Monotonous"
f.receiving dance training
A.cfbdeaB.fcbdeaC.fcdeabD.cfbaed
59.What made Eartha Kitt an unforgettable Catwoman in"Batman"?C
A.Her walking steps.         B.The looks on her face.
C.Her way of speaking"r".  D.Her good singing skills.
60.What might be talked in the following paragraph?C
A.Eartha Kitt's biggest hit songs.
B.Eartha Kitt's families in America.
C.Eartha Kitt's international success.
D.Eartha Kitt's hard life after being blacklisted.
10.Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to?Try some of these places•
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25.If a child is interested in the un iverse,he probably will visitB
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B.a natural history museum
C.an art museum                   
D.a hands-on science museum
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A.Look at rock collections.
B.Watch puppet making.
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D.Give performances.
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A.Science games designed by kids.
B.A show of kids'science work.
C.Learning science by doing things.
D.Reading science books.
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A.A science textbook.
B.A tourist map.
C.A museum guide.
D.A news report.
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"Who are you?We don't like tramps(流浪汉) going(41)Aour home."one of them shouted.
"Go away at once."cried the other.
"But I'm not a(42)B."said the man,"All I want is food and the stay for the night."
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36.A.had toB.mustC.ought toD.would
37.A.pretendedB.managedC.askedD.stopped
38.A.fibreB.doubtC.silkD.trouble
39.A.noseB.headC.eyesD.hands
40.A.curiouslyB.eagerlyC.surprisinglyD.angrily
41.A.aroundB.overC.toD.at
42.A.terrorB.trampC.thiefD.stranger
43.A.mayB.canC.willD.dare
44.A.explainedB.debatedC.repeatedD.announced
45.A.bigB.smallC.lovelyD.dirty
46.A.womanB.manC.personD.couple
47.A.weakB.brightC.darkD.strong
48.A.clothesB.lightC.foodD.chairs
49.A.takingB.bringingC.givingD.putting
50.A.prepareB.cookC.buyD.have
51.A.joinB.helpC.attendD.enjoy
52.A.enoughB.terribleC.shortD.delicious
53.A.orB.whileC.thenD.when
54.A.coldnessB.sicknessC.kindnessD.sadness
55.A.quicklyB.finallyC.unhappilyD.slowly

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