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Crows Have Had a Bad Press

1. They are smarter than any cat and sometimes children too. But despite this, they have a bad reputation.

“There are a few reasons for this,” says Kevin J. McGowan, a U.S. bird expert, who has studied crows for 25 years. “One is that they’re black, and in western European culture, that’s bad. 2. So somebody died, lying on the side of the road, and the crows came in and picked at it because there it was, free food. ”

Crows are also attacked by gardeners. It’s not deserved, says John Marzluff, professor of wildlife science at the University of Washington. U.S. Marzluff says crows do more good than harm to a garden. “They eat a great variety of crop pest insects,” he said, “so in the family garden they are a good natural insecticide.”

3.

Crows have strong family values. They come closer to human beings in social behavior than any other animal studied. Crow society is family-based. 4. . When you see a number of crows gathering, they’re usually family groups that are helping each other make a living.

A crow has a big “vocabulary”. It can make around 30 calls unique to itself, each with a different meaning. From their calls, crows can tell the difference between family members, neighbors and strangers.

Young crows like to play. They get an object like a leaf or a feather and they chase each other around, trying to get the object. Then whoever gets it gets chased.

5. They let others know when they are calm, angry, fearful and playful. Some crow emotions and behavior are amazing, such as leaving goodies-candy, keys or shiny glass-for people who feed them, or pooping on the cars of people who bother them.

A. Crow emotions are wonderful

B. Here is something more about crows that you might not know.

C. Young crows show respect for their parents as humans do.

D. They also get associated with death because in Europe there are no vultures(秃鹰).

E. Crows are very smart.

F. Crows express emotions.

G. Parents take care of their kids, just like people.

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How to pass an important test

Whether it's a first grade science test or College Entrance Exam, all tests have one thing in common: you have to pass. __1._ Stuck in a situation where you don't know what to do? This article can help.

Tips

★1. Once you get the study guide, make plans right away to study as soon as possible. No excuses! Killing time with friends isn't worth it,since you can always hang out with them any other day.

★2. Get plenty of rest. _2.If you walk into the classroom sleepily, you'll most likely not finish the test because you are so tired.

★3. Eat a good meal for breakfast. __3.__ Some healthy breakfast suggestions are oatmeal (燕麦片), high fibre food, and grapefruit with the fresh fruit salad.

★4. Bring all necessary materials. ___4.__ Bring pencils, pens, pencil sharpeners, snacks (if allowed),erasers, the calculator (if allowed) and anything else you'll need for the test.

★5. __5.___ Showing up late cuts back the time you'll have to take for the test if it's already testing hours. You'll probably miss any important information needed in completing the test. In some tests,late comers are not allowed to take the test.

A.The exam tests vocabulary, reading and maths skills.

B.Studies show that if you get enough sleep, your brain will be much more efficient.

C.Failing the test won't help you in the long run, so it's important to know how to prepare to pass that big test.

D.Showing up without something as simple as a pencil can make a big effect on your test.

E.One piece of cheese probably won't last until test time.

G.Don't forget to set your alarm clock and show up on the test day on time.

F.This test is a challenging one and every year many students are unable to qualify it just because of lack of guidance.

An article published recently in the scientific journal Nature is shedding new light on an important, but so far little has been appreciated, aspect of human evolution. In this article, Professors Dennis Bramble, and Daniel Lieberman suggest that the ability to run was a decisive factor in the development of our species. According to the two scientists, humans possess a number of anatomical(人体结构的)features that make them surprisingly good runners. “We are very confident that strong selection for running,which came at the expense of the historical ability to live in trees-was helpful in the origin of the modern human body form,” says Bramble, a biology professor at the University of Utah.

Traditional thinking up to now has been that the upright body form of modern humans has come about as a result of the ability to walk, and that running is simply a by-product of walking. Furthermore, humans have usually been regarded as poor runners compared to such animals as dogs, horses or antelopes. However, this is only true if we consider fast running over short distances. Even Olympic athlete can hardly run as fast as a horse can gallop, and can only keep up a top speed for fifteen seconds or so. Horses and antelopes, on the other hand, can run at top speed for several minutes, clearly outperforming us in this respect. But when it comes to long-distance running, humans do astonishingly well. They can maintain a steady pace for miles, and their overall speed compares favorably with that of horses or dogs.

Bramble and Lieberman examined twenty-six anatomical features found in humans. One of the most interesting of these is the nuchal ligament(颈背的韧带). When we run, it is this ligament that prevents our head from pitching back and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads held high. The nuchal ligament is not found in any other surviving primates(灵长类动物), although the fossil(化石)record shows that Homo erectus, an early human species that walked upright, much as we do, also had one. Then there are our Achilles tendons(跟腱)at the backs of our legs, which have nothing to do with walking. When we run, these tendons behave like springs, helping to push us forward. Furthermore, we have low, wide shoulders, virtually disconnected from our skulls (the bony part of the head), another anatomical adaptation which allows us to run more efficiently.

But what evolutionary advantage is gained from being good long-distance runners? One assumption is that this ability may have permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. “What these features and fossil facts appear to be telling us is that running evolved in order for our direct ancestors to compete with other carnivores (animals that eat meat) for access to the protein needed to grow the big brains that we enjoy today.” says Lieberman.

1.We can learn from the passage that the human ability to run _______.

A. was only recently described in a scientific journal

B. played an important part in human evolution

C. was considered more natural than the ability to live in trees

D. contributed to the form of human language

2.According to the second paragraph, humans _______

A. are better runners than most other animals

B. are not good at running short distances

C. compare unfavorably with horses and dogs

D. are poor long-distance runners

3.It appears that the nuchal ligament _______.

A. enables us to run with steady heads

B. is found in modern primates only

C. prevents the head from being held high

D. is a unique feature of carnivores

4.The passage does NOT tell us that _______

A. early humans had an advantage in obtaining food thanks to the running ability

B. fossils help us better understand human evolution.

C. our Achilles tendons are an adaptation for running efficiently

D. big brains may have been evolved for running long-distance

It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter.

Road politeness is not only good manners, but a good sense. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behavior of politeness is by no means enough. Many drivers nowadaysdon’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.

However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. A typical example is the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.

An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in a traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the roadmanship (公路驾车技能). Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.

1.The most suitable title for this passage would be __________.

A. Traffic Jams B. Good Manners

C. Road Politeness D. Modern Drivers

2.Troubles on the road are often caused by __________.

A. traffic jams

B. the behavior of the drivers

C. the great speed of modern life

D. terrible road conditions

3.According to the writer, a good driver should __________.

A. encourage children to cross the road whenever they want to

B. beat back when forced to face rude driving

C. be able to recognize politeness when he sees it

D. join in a traffic stream quickly however other people feel

4.It is not always right for drivers to __________.

A. master the roadmanship

B. neglect politeness when they see it

C. give a friendly nod in answer to an act of politeness

D. encourage old ladies to cross the road whenever and wherever they want to

There was once an 11-year-old boy who went fishing every time he went to an island in the middle of a New Hampshire lake.

On the day before bass (巴斯鱼) season opened, he and his father were fishing early in the evening, catching other fish with worms. Then he tied on a small silver lure(鱼饵) and put it into the lake. Suddenly the boy felt something very big pulling on the lure. His father watched with admiration as the boy skillfully brought the fish beside the bank. Finally he lifted the tired fish from the water. It was the largest one he had ever seen, but it was a bass.

The boy and his father looked at the big fish. The father lit a match and looked at his watch. It was 10 pm — two hours before the season opened. He looked at the fish, then at the boy. “You’ll have to put it back, son,” he said.

“Dad!” cried the boy. “There will be other fish,” said his father. “Not as big as this one,” cried the boy. He looked around the lake. No other fishermen or boats could be seen in the moonlight. He looked again at his father.

Even though no one had seen them, nor could anyone ever know what time he had caught the fish, the boy could tell from his father’s voice that the decision couldn’t be changed. He threw the huge bass into the black water.

The big fish disappeared. The boy thought that he would never again see such a big fish.

That was 34 years ago. Today the boy is a successful architect in New York City. He often takes his own son and daughters to fish at the same place.

And he was right. He has never again caught such a large fish as the one he got that night long ago. But he does see that same fish ... again and again ... every time he has an ethical (道德的) decision to make. For, as his father had taught him, ethics are simple matters of right and wrong. It is only the practice of ethics that is difficult.

1.How did the father feel when he saw his son skillfully pulling a big fish out of the water?

A. Proud. B. Nervous.

C. Curious. D. Shocked.

2.From the text we know that ______.

A. the father didn’t love his son

B. the father always disagreed with his son

C. the father disliked the huge fish

D. the father was firm and stubborn

3.The successful architect went fishing with his children at the same place because ______.

A. they might catch a big fish there

B. he remembered the moral lesson from his father

C. he wanted to remember his father

D. their children enjoyed fishing there

4.What does the author want to show in the story?

A. It is easy to say something, but difficult to do.

B. An ethical decision is not difficult to make.

C. It is hard to tell right from wrong sometimes.

D. Fishing helps you to make right ethical decisions.

完形填空。

On the first day of the sixth grade, all of my classmates and I were sorted (把…分类)into classes. Just as we had ______, my good friends and I were in the _______ class, including Derek, a boy I have _______ for a long time. He was nice to everyone and always brought excitement to us.

For the first few months, Derek _______ his Maple Leaf jersey (运动衫) to school almost every day, because that was his _______ National Hockey League (NHL) team uniform. He spent all of fall and most of winter _______ soccer with other guys, guarding the net ______ in a big snowstorm. Then, a few weeks before school ended for the Christmas holiday, Derek ______ coming to school. I didn’t think much of it and just kept ______ preparing for final exams.

On December 19, 2013, our class was _______ because it was the second-to-last day of school before vacation. Then as we _______ into craft making, game-playing and chatting mode, our English teacher walked into the ______. Her nose was bright red, as if she had been ______. And then the school principal(校长) walked in. She was ______ by a few people carrying Derek’s belongings. She moved to the front of the class and we ______ fell silent, wondering what could have _______. “I have some bad news about Derek,” said the principal with great _______. Suddenly, my feeling told me that Derek wasn’t well, but I hoped I was wrong. “Last night, Derek died. He was a(n) _______ boy, for he saved a little girl from a rushing car, for which Derek was in a ______ condition. After a few weeks, he left us for ever.”

A silence fell on the class. No one _______. But for a second, everyone was crying. Derek, we could miss you.

1.A. planned B. hoped C. heard D. thought

2.A. first B. good C. similar D. same

3.A. sent B. devoted C. known D. fixed

4.A. wore B. made C. produced D. carried

5.A. attractive B. extra C. favorite D. useless

6.A. watching B. making C. buying D. playing

7.A. even B. then C. only D. yet

8.A. liked B. stopped C. considered D. disliked

9.A. free B. busy C. amused D. tired

10.A. normal B. quiet C. excited D. confused

11.A. turn down B. passed down C. fell down D. settled down(安心)

12.A. room B. school C. classroom D. office

13.A. crying B. shouting C. freezing D. walking

14.A. attracted B. caught C. misunderstood D. followed

15.A. slowly B. necessarily C. immediately D. certainly

16.A. disappeared B. happened C. arrived D. waited

17.A. patience B. help C. courage D. sadness

18.A. honest B. brave C. wise D. handsome

19.A. better B. good C. bad D. nice

20.A. moved B. opened C. cried D. Disappeared

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