Wilma was born on June 23, 1940 in St Bethlehem, Tennesse. By the time she was 6, Wilma Rudolph was given metal braces(支架) to aid her in walking. She started receiving treatment with help from her family. A few years later, she walked without any assistance into the church.

When she was in junior high, she joined the basketball team. She finally made an appeal to compete in games again and when her wish was finally permitted, she amazed everyone by leading the team to an undefeated season and the state championships. Though they lost the championship title in the end, Wilma Rudolph earned the attention of the women’s track coach, Ed Template at Tennessee State University and was invited to join the “Tigerbelles”. Her efforts paid off as she turned out to be so good that the Tigerbellers invited her to join them in the national Olympic team trails. Not only did she make it into the team, but she won a bronze medal in the 4×100m relay at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics. Four years later, Rudolph set a world 200m record(22.9 seconds) at the 1960 US Championships. At the Rome Olympics in 1960, she competed in the 100m, 200m and 4×100m relay, and equaled the world record of 11.3 seconds in the semifinals (半决赛) of the 100m. She won the final by three metres in 11.0 seconds, but it was not accepted as a world record. Wilma Rudolph’s extraordinary achivevements in Rome made her a darling of the European press who gave her the nickname “the Black Gazelle(羚羊)” and “The Black Pearl”. She also became the first woman in American history to win 3 gold medals in the Olympics and was crowned “the Fastest Woman in the World”. Wilma Rudolph’s spirit inspired people such as Jackie Joyner Kersee and Florence Griffith Joyner who became the next woman to win 3 gold medals.

1.What problem did Wilma face according to Paragraph 1?

A. Not being able to walk

B. Not being able to speak

C. Losing her sight

D. Losing her hearing

2.According to the passage, Wilma could join the “Tiger-belles” mainly because of .

A. her being Ed Template’s favourite athlete

B. her strong appeal to Ed Template

C. her outstanding performances in basketball games

D. her winning the championship title

3.We learn that Wilma broke the world record in .

A. the 4×100m relay at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics

B. the semifinals of the 100m at the Rome Olympics

C. the final of the 100m at the Rome Olympics

D. the 200m at the 1960 US Championships

4.How many people that at least won 3 Olympics gold medals in American history are mentioned in the passages?

A. Three B. One C. Four D. Five

C

A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.After all,the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is,well, just playing…right?Perhaps,but some developmental psychologists()have argued that this“play”is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.

Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table.Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge,it

falls in the ground---and, in the process, it belongs out important evidence about how physical objects interact ; bowls of rice do not flood in mid-sit, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world ), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).

Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way---that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child , Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.

Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws on how children learn ,but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort ---the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world---is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, ”It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”

1.According to some developmental psychologists,

A. a baby’s play is nothing more than a game.

B. scientific research into babies; games is possible

C. the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated

D. a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment

2.We learn from Paragraph 2 that

A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently

B. scientists and babies often interact with each other

C. babies are born with the knowledge of object support

D. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do

3. Children may learn the rules of language by

A. exploring the physical world B. investigating human psychology

C. repeating their own experiments D. observing their parents’ behaviors

4. What is themain idea of the last paragraph?

A. The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.

B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.

C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.

D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.

5. What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play?

A. Convincing. B. Confused. C. Confidence. D. Cautious.

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