题目内容

【高考活题】卫生与健康【写作素材】

1.据最近一项调查（survey)发现，现在的年轻人走路很少，这对他们的健康不利；

2.很多人把步行少归咎于科技的发展，另外，没人一起散步也是原因之一；

3.专家建议少开车多步行，这样可以降低很多疾病发生的风险，如心脏病和中风（stroke)。

提示：blame…for... ， not…but.. ， reduce the risk of 【连句成篇】将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文。

One possible version ：

As is shown in a recent survey, many young people don't take a walk, which is not good for/beneficial to their health. Many of them blame the technology development for their not walking much and they also don't feel like walking alone. For the sake of their health, experts suggest that young people should not drive more but walk more, which will reduce the risk of heart at?tack and stroke

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B  [2015.四川新津中学高三一诊]

   A group of Russian criminals have stolen 1. 2 billion use-rname and password combinations for more than 500 million e-mail addresses. It's the largest known theft on the Inter?net, according to a report of The New York Times.

   Cyber security firm Hold Security discovered the security breach. The firm found that the group of criminals collected personal information from 420， 000 websites, including household names and small Internet sites. The criminals were based in a small city in southern Central Russia. They hacked websites inside Russia as well as big companies in the US and other countries,T/ie New York Times reported.

The criminals found hundreds of thousands of weak web?sites and attacked their coding, Hold Security said. Alex Holden is the chief information security officer of Hold Secur?ity. "The hackers do not just target US companies; they tar?get any website they can get," Holden said. "And most of these sites are still easy to attack.，，

According to Hold Security, the criminals have been using the stolen information to send junk mail through e-mail and on social networks like Twitter. They can also use the 500 million stolen e-mail addresses to plan other crimes. They could use information from bank e-mails to steal your identity or sell the e-mail addresses to other criminals to make quick cash.

The reported break-ins are the latest events to raise doubts about security in big and small companies. Last win?ter, hackers stole 40 million credit card numbers and 70 mil?lion addresses, phone numbers and other personal informa?tion from the retailer Target Corporation. The brand is still working to regain its shoppers' trust.

John Prisco is the CEO of a security firm. He says secur?ity hackings are more common than many people and compa?nies realize. "This issue reminds me of an iceberg, 90% of which is actually under water," Prisco said in an e-mailed statement. So many cyber breaches today are not actually re?ported, because companies are losing information and they are not even aware of it.

Security experts believe hackers will continue breaking into computer networks unless companies become more pro?tective of personal information.

5.What did a group of Russian criminals do according to the report?

 A.     They stole e-mail addresses of the Internet users.

B.     They destroyed the websites of some big companies.

C.     They attacked American companies in southern Rus?sia.

D.     They downloaded the secret information of some banks.

6.According to Alex Holden, the criminals entered some websites easily because .

 A.     some websites don't have their own coding

B.     most of the websites lack protective measures

C.     Russia is more developed in computer science

D.     the hackers are equipped with high technology

7.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?

 A.     The criminals are fond of using social networks.

B.     The criminals sell the stolen information for money.

C.     The stolen information causes great economic losses.

D.     The stolen information could bring harmful effects.

8. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 imply?

 A.     We cannot tell how large an iceberg is just from the part on the water.

B.     Many companies are unwilling to report their informa?tion stolen.

C.     Many companies are not aware that their information has been stolen.

D.     People usually can see just a small part of an iceberg.

Ⅲ.短文改错[2015 •银川一中高三第二次模拟]

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A )，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。On a snowy winter night, a bus with 45 passenger had

an accident because the wet road. And all of them were trap?ping in the bus and what is worse, the bus ran out of gas and it was very cold in it. They could do nothing but to wait for help. A man who lived nearby saw that had happened. He and some villagers succeeded in open the door and helped ail of them out of the bus. He took them to his home but offered food and water and even some warm clothes to the children. They spent two days in their home and finally help came. All of them were thankfully for his help.

I.阅读理解

A [2015 •河南郑州高三模拟]

The year of 2014 saw smart people always busy inventing useful things, which have helped to make the world better, smarter and a little more fun. Now,let's take a look at some of the inventions.

Super banana

  Australian biogeneticist(生物遗传学家）James Dale visi?ted Uganda,a poor African country,in the early 2000s, where he found that 15%〜30% of children under 5 were at the risk of going blind because they didn't get enough vitamin A. Dale also learned that people there love bananas. They eat 3 to 11 bananas a day. So he came up with an idea to plant bananas containing added nutrition in order to improve Ugandans' health. With the help of Bill Gates' foundation,Dale developed the"super banana". He added a gene to the fruit,making it rich in vitamin A.

Coaching basketball

  Basketball is popular worldwide, partly because you only need a hoop(篮簠)and a ball to play the game. But this sim?ple game experienced a technology makeover with the devel?opment of a smart sensor basketball.

The ball, called the 94Fifty Basketball, has 9 sensors in?side. They can tell you anything from how fast you are going to how accurate your shot angles are.

With a Bluetooth chip inside, the basketball can connect to your smart phone and tell you in the voice of a coach to "snap your wrist" or "go faster", depending on the data.

The hovercraft

Thanks to the California-based company Hendo, flying past your friends on a floating board could soon become a re?ality.

The hovercraft has 4 small engines. These create a spe?cial magnetic field which produces enough force to lift the board off the ground.

At the moment ， the hoverboard (悬浮滑板)can only-float an inch off the ground for 15 minutes and must fly over a metal material. It's expensive too, at $ 10,000, but the com?pany hopes that one day the technology could be used.

Wireless electricity

  Most of us could not bear to live without wireless Inter?net. We use it every day for everything from our phones to our cars. But one company wants to go a step further by com?bining wireless technology with electricity.

That's right, no more tangled (缠绕的）wires and no more having to sit and hold your cellphone near a power sock?et (插 座) in the corner of the room. WiTricity, a US compa?ny? has invented technology that can power objects up to 2. 4 metres away. It uses a special plug-in coiK线圈)that creates a magnetic field!

1.Which of the following statements would James Dale agree with?

 A.     Children in Uganda should eat fewer bananas.

B.     Vitamin A is largely found in fruits like bananas.

C.     Super bananas are definitely a safe biological product.

D.     People's eating habits can be used to develop new food.

2.What is the biggest advantage of the 94Fifty Basketball?

 A.     The sensors hidden inside can help players run faster in a game.

B.     It can help players to improve their shooting and ball-handling skills.

C.     It allows players to connect to their smart phones while playing basketball.

D.     The Bluetooth chip inside allows its users to listen to music while playing basketball.

3.What can we learn about the hovercraft from the text?

 A.     It enables its users to float off the ground freely.

B.     It can work on many different kinds of surfaces.

C.     It still needs to improve its power and efficiency.

D.     It is an affordable means of transport for a family.

4.What do the hovercraft and wireless electricity have in common according to the text?

 A.     They create magnetic fields to produce power.

B.     They apply technologies to many things in life.

C.     They are technologies which can produce electricity.

D.     They use wireless technology to improve their prod?ucts.

A Korean wave is sweeping across China, with many Chinese women worshipping Korean actors Kim Soo-hyun and Lee Min-ho as demigods (被神化的人物).Chinese denizens always have different opinions over Korean TV dramas, but there is no doubt that pro?grammes from the neighbouring country are now enjo?ying a new round of popularity in China. And a big part of the credit for that goes to You Who Came from the Star ， the Korean TV series.

You Who Came from the Star and The Heirs (《继承者们》)have been subjects of hot online discussions throughout Asia. Besides, the book, The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane, read by the hero in You Who Came from the Star was a hard-to-get item on Am?azon for a while.

The two TV programmes have several common ele?ments M) ： a tall, handsome, and rich hero who loves the heroine blindly and always protects her, and an equally handsome man madly in love with the same woman. Both programmes describe the purity of love, which is expressed through a kiss or a warm hug. Per?haps that's the secret of their success; perhaps people still like Cinderella-type stories.

The widening wealth gap is a matter of social con?cern both inKoreaandChina, and the challenges that young people face in their hope for a better life might have caused many ordinary girls to dream of marrying rich, caring men. This is precisely what the popular Ko?rean TV dramas describe. In fact > Korean TV dramas are tailored to meet the market's demands.

Many denizens even said at an earlier time that Ko?rean TV dramas had become popular because of their stereotyped (模式化的)themes： traffic accidents, canc?er and other incurable diseases. But all that has changed with the success of You Who Came from the Star and The Heirs ， which Chinese directors can use as exam?ples, as well as inspiration, to improve their produc?tions,

1.Which is NOT included in the elements for the suc?cess of Korean dramas?

A.Charming pure love stories.

B.A tender kiss and a warm hug.

C.Handsome and rich heroes.

D.The heroine's blind love with the rich.

2.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means that they are designed to .

A.develop in a large scale

B.be measured to a certain size

C.meet popular taste purposely

Dbe shown in a big market

3The main purpose of stereotyped themes in Korean dramas is to .

A.present an idea

B.attract TV viewers

C.make them colourful

D.arouse some challenges

4.In the last sentence ，  about Chinese dramas ， the writer expressed his .

A.expectation   B. satisfaction

C.excitement      D. requirement

B  [2015*四川遂宁高三第二次诊断] Researchers are now using 3-D printing to create models of the human heart to help heart specialists. The heart doc?tors can use the models to better help patients before an oper?ation.

Dr Bramlet, a children's heart expert at the University of Illinois College of Medicine, says the 3-D models show infor?mation he cannot get any other way.

"And so what we've done with the printed models, we've pulled it out of the screen so that we can actually hold it in our hand and evaluate the anatomy(解剖)."

A 3-D printer uses images from a digital display to create a physical model of a human heart. Matthew Bramlet says doctors can use the model to understand the anatomy.

Pictures from medical tests like CAT scan or MRI are sent to a 3-D printer to create a heart in a plaster(石膏):form. The printer then constructs the heart, thin layer by thin lay?er. Dr Bramlet says the model matches the real heart in eveVy detail. "When we're done with the model and made our deci?sion, we want to be able to go back to the source image and confirm those findings," he says.

Dr Bramlet has built model hearts for different kinds of heart operations. All of the operations were successful. In his first case, digital images showed only one tiny hole in a baby's heart. But, the 3-D printed model showed several de?fects or problems that the baby was born with. Dr Bramlet says those defects could not be seen easily in the images. The heart surgeon was able to change the type of surgery for the patient based on the 3-D model. He added that 3-D heart models saves time during heart operations.

Kathy Magliato is a heart surgeon at Saint John's Health Centre in Los Angeles. She welcomes the new technology. She says it could help her make better decisions before she operates on the hearts of her patients.

"I can then take this very complicated structure before the operation and I can hold it in my hand and plan an opera?tion around what I'm seeing, touching and feeling. That to me is what can potentially change the game in an operation and save lives.，，

Dr Bramlet continues to research the technology. He is working with the National Institutes of Health to build a 3-D library that includes heart models and images that others can use.

5.What's the main idea of the passage?

 A.     The application of 3-D printing in heart operations.

B.     The development of 3-D technology.

C.     The difficulties of heart operations.

D.     Heart operations with the help of 3-D models.

6. What is the biggest advantage of 3-D models in the diag?nose of heart problems?

 A.     Surgeons can see, touch and feel the 3-D models.

B.     They can help surgeons save time.

C.     They can be made exactly like the hearts.

D.     They can help discover the otherwise hidden heart problems.

7.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

 A.     The 3-D model can be taken out of a screen.

B.     CAT scan and MRI are no longer needed.

C.     The 3-D model is an exact copy of the heart.

D.     Digital images are not reliable in heart operations.

8.What can we infer from the passage?

 A.     Digital images will mislead heart surgeons.

B.     More patients will benefit from the 3-D technology.

C.     Heart operations will never fail with 3-D models.

D.     Surgeons cannot operate on hearts without 3-D mod?els.

Long ago, there was a mother and a son living in a house. She worked hard every day, 35.     theywere always poor.

One day, her son stole his friend's bag. "Mum, what do you think of this bag?" His mother praised her son instead of scolding him. The next time, he stole 36.   overcoat. She praised him again. A few years 37.  (late), he grew up to be a young

man. He stole jewellery and brought it to his mother.

This time, she 38.   did not scold her son.Then, he started to steal more expensive things.One day ，the police caught  him.Before he 39.   (put) in prison, he begged the police to meet his mother.  They took him 40.     his mother. As soon as he saw his mother, he suddenly bit her ear. "Ouch! What is the matter with you?" She finally scolded him. Her son answered. "If you had given

me a scolding like 41.  when I stole the firsbag, I could not have become a thief. 42.  (look)  at her son heading to prison,  " If only I 43.   (turn) back time, I would scold him severely," she said 44.      (regret).

B [20巧•安徽合肥高三第三次质检]

The secret to a better cup of morning coffee might simply be choosing the right coloured coffee mug(杯).

The colour of a coffee mug can have something to do with the way coffee tastes, according to a recent study, which was conducted in Australia, and tested the influence that three different coloured mugs—one white, one blue, and one clear glass―had on the perception(感知)of different tastes. The researchers served 18 participants the same cup of cof?fee, in one of the three similarly shaped but differently col?oured containers, and then asked them to rate their sweet?ness, smell, bitterness, quality, and acceptability.

It turns out specifically that the white mug was associat?ed with a more intense (浓的)or bitter tasting cup of coffee, and the clear glass mug was not. The blue mug, meanwhile, proved to be "kind of an in-between. ，， The opposite was true for perceived sweetness―participants noted less sweetness when drinking from the white mug than they did when drink?ing from both the blue and clear glass mugs.

Research published this year shows that the colour of a plate has a clear effect on taste intensity and sweetness. And the colour red specifically has even been associated with lower levels of consumption.

A red strawberry looks redder when placed against a white plate than it does against a black one. And there are as?sociations with that redness that in turn can affect taste, Spence explains. "Red might indicate heightened sweetness, because red fruits tend to be more ripe than green fruits," he said. And that indication can be enough to cause a large difference in taste.

In the case of coffee, specifically, the researchers believe that the colour brown might be something people associate with bitterness.  "The white mug may have influenced the perceived brownness of the coffee and this, in turn, may have influenced the perceived intensity and sweetness of the cof-fee," the researchers wrote. That would help explain why clear glass coffee mugs tended to have the opposite effect.

5.After being served the coffee, the participants were asked to_________ ,

 A.     distinguish the colours of the mugs

B.      exchange the ideas about the tastes

C.      judge the mug's influence on the coffee

D.     give an overall description of the coffee

6.Participants considered the coffee in the white mugs

 A.     the bitterest

B.     the least intense

C.     the sweetest

D.     neither intense nor bitter

7. According to Spence, a white container could .

 A.     get the fruit in it riper

B.     keep the taste of food inside it

C.     make the red fruit in it look even redder

D.     reduce the sweetness of the fruit in it

8. If you prefer a clear mug for drinking coffee, it might indi?cate that you .

 A.     don't mind the colour of coffee

B.     would like a sweeter taste of coffee

C.     are accustomed to the bitterness of coffee

D.     are interested in the brownness of the coffee

7.Many foreigners are interested in Chinese_______________ (文明)，which is one of the oldest in the world.

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