题目内容

7.Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and earn income.This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment,so it includes employers and the self-employed.Labor is one of the country's resources which can be combined with other resources to produce the goods and services wanted by the community.
Although the size of the workforce depends a great deal on the size of the total population,there are several other influences which also affect it.The age distribution (分布) of the total population has a very marked effect on the available workforce.If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work,then the available workforce would be lower than if there were a balanced spread age distribution.If the population naturally grows rapidly,the number of births greatly exceeds (超出) the number of deaths then as a total population increases proportion of the workforce declines.
Sometimes a population is described as aging which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly,and as people retire from the workforce there are insufficient numbers of young people entering it to replace those who are leaving it.In that situation the population is top-heavy with older people.So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate.
The age distribution of the population has several important effects on the economy.If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce,this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group.If the aged are to be cared for in special homes,finance must be available for that purpose.If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population,then the government tax revenue (税收) is relatively low and either the government has less money available to it or workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.
43.In the passage"labor force"is defined asA.
A.people who are available to work and earn income
B.self-employed people who have the ability to work
C.people who are looking for an employment
D.employers who have created job opportunities
44.From the second paragraph we can draw the conclusion thatB.
A.a natural growth of population always leads to a balanced workforce
B.a large population does not necessarily mean a higher proportion of workforce
C.the larger the population is,the higher the proportion of the workforce will be
D.the workforce will be lower if the population has a balanced age distribution
45.When a population is said to be aging,A.
A.there are more people retiring than those entering the workforce
B.the birth rate in the area must be lower than that of death there
C.there should be an oversupply of the workforce members
D.there are more people entering the workforce than those retiring.

分析 人口多的国家未必劳动力比例就大,还有很多其他的影响因素.

解答 43-45     A BA
43.A 细节理解 根据第一段第一句话Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and earn income.可知劳动力被定义为那群可得到公作,挣得收入的人.鉴于这点,故选A.
44.B推理判断 根据Although the size of the workforce depends a great deal on the size of the total population,there are several other influences which also affect it.尽管劳动力的数目很大程度上取决于整个国家人口的数目,但是也有很多其他的影响因素,排除C选项的同时也可推断出,人口多的国家未必劳动力比例就大,故选B.
45.A 语义理解    根据Sometimes a population is described as aging which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowlyand as people retire from the workforce there are insufficient numbers of young people entering it to replace those who are leaving it.人口老龄化意味着出生率下降或者是增长缓慢,老人退休时没有足够的年轻人替补上去,故选A.

点评 社会文化类类阅读有一定难度,考生可先阅读题干要求,带着问题读文章,可能会更快更准的找到答案,达到事半功半的效果.

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