题目内容
Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart, was born in Kingfish, Oklahoma on March 29, 1918. He was raised in Missouri where he worked in his father’s store while attending school. This was his first retailing (零售业) experience and he really enjoyed it. After graduation, he began his own career as a retail merchant.
He soon opened his first Wal-Mart store in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. Wal-Mart specialized in name brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success. Soon a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America.
Walton's management style was popular with employees and he founded some of the basic concepts of management that are still in use today.
After taking the company public in 1970, Walton introduced his “profit sharing plan”. The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profits of the store. Sam Walton believed that “individuals don't win, teams do”. Employees at Wal-Mart stores were offered stock options (认股权) and store discounts. These benefits are commonplace today, but Walton was among the first to implement (实现) them. Walton believed that a happy employee meant happy customers and more sales. He also believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the company’s success, they would care about the company.
By the 1980s, Wal-Mart had sales of over one billion dollars and over three hundred stores across North America. Wal-Mart’s unique decentralized (分散的) distribution system, also Walton’s idea, created the edge needed to further encourage growth in the 1980s during growing complaints that the “superstore” was stopping smaller and traditional stores from developing. By 1991, Wal-Mart was the largest US retailer with 1,700 stores. Walton remained active in managing the company, as president and CEO until 1988 and chairman until his death. He was awarded the Medal of Freedom shortly before his death.
56. Sam Walton first made a hit in retailing when __________.
A. he worked in his father’s store
B. he created Walton's management style
C. a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America
D. he specialized in name brands at low prices
57. What is the purpose of Walton’s carrying out “profit sharing plan”?
A. To make sure all the employees had their own shares.
B. To encourage the employees to work hard and make joint efforts.
C. To select excellent employees for his stores.
D. To make more profit for himself.
58. Which of the statements is TRUE?
A. With Walton’s management style, employees treated the stores as their own.
B. Walton wasn’t one of the merchants who first implemented stock options.
C. The smaller and traditional stores were well affected by Walton’s stores.
D. In his old age, Walton gave all the management to his men.
59. What does the underlined word “edge” in the last paragraph mean here?
A. Danger. B. Disadvantage. C. Advantage. D. System.
DBAC
Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).
The MBA, a 20th century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.
But even with the recession(经济萎缩) apparently cutting down the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960.
“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, ‘Should I attempt to get an MBA?’ the answer a lot more is: It depends.”
The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.
The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don’t understand politics and people, and they aren’t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they’re out looking for other jobs.”
The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.
Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees of ten know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They don’t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business”, said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm.
【小题1】According to paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses ruled by purer disciplines?
| A．Envious(嫉妒的). | B．Realistic. |
| C．Scornful(蔑视的). | D．Appreciative. |
| A．the complaints from various employers |
| B．the success of many non-MBAs |
| C．the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplines |
| D．the poor performance of MBAs at work |
| A．They are usually self-centered. |
| B．They are aggressive and greedy. |
| C．They keep complaining about their jobs. |
| D．They are not good at dealing with people. |
| A．can climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly |
| B．quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmates |
| C．receive salaries that do not match their professional training |
| D．cherish unrealistic expectations about their future |
| A．Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs. |
| B．The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools. |
| C．Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree. |
| D．A debate held recently on university campuses. |
Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).
The MBA, a 20th century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.
But even with the recession(经济萎缩) apparently cutting down the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960.
“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, ‘Should I attempt to get an MBA?’ the answer a lot more is: It depends.”
The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.
The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don’t understand politics and people, and they aren’t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they’re out looking for other jobs.”
The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.
Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees of ten know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They don’t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business”, said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm.
1.According to paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses ruled by purer disciplines?
|
A．Envious(嫉妒的). |
B．Realistic. |
|
C．Scornful(蔑视的). |
D．Appreciative. |
2.. It seems that the argument over the value of MBA degrees had been fueled mainly by ___.
|
A．the complaints from various employers |
|
B．the success of many non-MBAs |
|
C．the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplines |
|
D．the poor performance of MBAs at work |
3.. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to the Harvard Business Review?
|
A．They are usually self-centered. |
|
B．They are aggressive and greedy. |
|
C．They keep complaining about their jobs. |
|
D．They are not good at dealing with people. |
4.. From the passage we know that most MBAs ________.
|
A．can climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly |
|
B．quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmates |
|
C．receive salaries that do not match their professional training |
|
D．cherish unrealistic expectations about their future |
5. What is the passage mainly about?
|
A．Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs. |
|
B．The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools. |
|
C．Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree. |
|
D．A debate held recently on university campuses. |