题目内容

阅读理解。

Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart. They will in a lifetime, push the chrome?plated_contraptions many miles. But few will know — or even think to ask — who it was that invented them.

Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging groceries around in baskets they had to carry.

One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.

On June 4, 1937, Goldman's first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn't wait to see them using his invention.

But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.

After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren't using his carts. “Don't you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket？” one shopper replied.

But Goldman wasn't beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony (假的) customers.

As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come — those who came bought more. With larger easier?to?handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.

Today's shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman's original model. Perhaps that's one reason why Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937 — the coming of the shopping cart.

1.What do the underlined words “chrome?plated contraptions” in the first paragraph refer to?

A．Baskets. B．Private cars.

C．Suitcases. D．Shopping carts.

2.What was the purpose of Goldman's invention?

A．It was to prove him to be a good inventor.

B．It was to reduce the burden of his employees' work.

C．It was to make shopping easier and attract more business.

D．It was to help the disabled make shopping easily in his market.

3.Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market in order to ________.

A．attract people to buy things in his market

B．encourage people to use his shopping carts

C．make his market different from the others

D．keep the groceries from being stolen

4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Goldman will become very famous because of his invention.

B．Goldman's invention will be regarded as the greatest one in the world.

C．Supermarket business has benefited a lot from Goldman's invention.

D．There will be nothing that can replace Goldman's invention.

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So, it was a win-win situation _______was why we did not hesitate _______ with them.

A. where, to partner B. which, to partner

C. where, partnering D. which, partnering

阅读理解。

For twenty years, I saved all my college course notes and textbooks: that's a lot of paper.

Worse, it's not easy to carry them around — and trust me, they aren't light — on at least seven moves. Yet I never once looked at them. They sat in our basement, covered in a thick layer of dust. If books and papers could wonder, they'd wonder why they were still under our stairs after all those years. When would the Big Day come?

Well, the Big Day eventually did arrive; only it was different than expected. My wife, always more accepting changes than I am, finally talked me into clearing out the entire mess.

The pain I experienced was also unexpected. What hurt me was to come across those terrible papers I'd written, which reminded me of my poor study habits, and an embarrassing lack of comprehension. It was great to get rid of them. But it was also a clearing of personal history.

At first, I struggled with this. The truth was in the record that my books, my notes, and my papers were primary source materials, documenting an important time in my life. To clear them out was to clear out the truth.

What I've learned since taking this leap is that the process is more important than the truth. I feel as if much of my real education during my college years isn't in the documents but now in me.

So I am glad to free myself of this physical burden. And what's better is that I don't need to look back to those painful moments. They belong to the past.

You might want to consider doing something similar, either under the stairs of your basement or in your mind.

What is the personal rubbish piling in your life? Clear it out and make your life awesome.

1.Why was the author finally determined to desert all the college materials?

A．Because his wife persuaded him to.

B．Because they were of no use at all.

C．Because they were heavy on the moves.

D．Because they occupied space too long.

2.The author struggled at the very beginning for ________.

A．a sense of pain

B．a sense of embarrassment

C．a sense of regret for the past

D．a sense of losing part of his history

3.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．The past experiences.

B．The wasted college?related materials.

C．The rubbish in the basement.

D．Physical and psychological mess.

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Let It Go B．Sort It Out

C．Give up the Past D．Forget the History

阅读理解。

It is a familiar scene these days: employees taking newly laid?off (下岗) co?workers out for a drink for comfort. But which side deserves sympathy more, the jobless or the still employed? On March 6, researchers at a conference at the University of Cambridge heard data suggesting it's the latter.

Brendan Burchell, a Cambridge sociologist, presented his analysis based on various surveys conducted across Europe. The data suggest that employed people who feel insecure in their jobs show similar levels of anxiety and depression as those who are unemployed. Although a newly jobless person's mental health may “bottom out” after about six months, and then even begin to improve，the mental state of people who are continuously worried about losing their job “just continues to get worse and worse，” Burchell says.

Evolutionary psychologists support this theory by arguing that human beings feel more stress during times of insecurity because they sense an immediate but invisible threat. Patients have been known to experience higher levels of anxiety, for example, while waiting for examination results than knowing what they are suffering from — even if the result is cancer. It's better to get the bad news and start doing something about it rather than wait with anxiety. When the uncertainty continues, people stay in a nonstop “fight or flight” response, which leads to damaging stress.

But not every employee in insecure industries has such a discouraging view, Burchell says. In general, women get on better. While reporting higher levels of anxiety than men when directly questioned, women scored lower in stress on the GHQ 12, even when they had a job they felt insecure about losing. As Burchell explains, “For women, most studies show that any job — it doesn't matter whether it is secure or insecure — gives psychological improvement over unemployment.” Burchell supposes that the difference in men is that they tend to feel pressure not only to be employed, but also to be the primary breadwinner, and that more of a man's self?worth depends on his job.

1.Why do researchers think the still employed deserve sympathy more?

A．They have to do more work since then.

B．They have no chance to find better jobs.

C．They have to work with inexperienced workers.

D．They constantly worry about losing their job.

2.What is most likely to cause a “fight or flight” response？A.Not having a paid job.

B．Fierce competition for jobs.

C．Not knowing what will happen.

D．Pressure to work longer hours.

3.What will the writer talk about following the last paragraph?

A．Advice on preparing a job interview.

B．Advice to those in insecure industries.

C．Some knowledge of psychology.

D．Difference in men and women.

4.What could be the best title for the text?

A．Is It Less Stressful to Get Laid Off Than Stay On?

B．Should Greater Sympathy Be Given to the Jobless?

C．Do Employees Bear More Stress Than Ever Before?

D．Do Men or Women Show Higher Levels of Anxiety?

语法填空.

This is a story of a little girl and her grandmother. One day, I was looking for medicine in a store 1. I saw an old woman with a little girl in her arms. The little girl asked her grandmother, “2._ do you think about a brand new face cream that is supposed 3. (reduce) laugh lines？” The grandmother just laughed and said, “Sweetie, I am 80 years old. I 4. (learn) to love all my laugh lines. I have 5._ (actual) earned every one of them.” Then just to prove her point, she laughed again and amused _6. granddaughter. The laughter of the little girl and the old woman mixed together with a sound 7. was as musical and beautiful as an angel's song.

I left the store feeling a lot 8. (good) about all the laugh lines I had earned in my own life. I remembered all the beautiful faces I had seen _9. the years. Their beauty is ageless no matter how old they are. May you have a time in your life earning _10. most attractive laugh lines.

阅读理解

I passed my driving test at the fourth attempt. You might think that means I'm not as safe as someone who passed on their first attempt. But would you feel safer with no driver at all? Maybe not, and that's why automotive firms have included driver?assist functions in their driverless cars. This allows the human driver to take over if there is a problem.

Google is one producer that has prototype driverless cars. These cars have been newly equipped with auto?steering wheels and conventional controls to allow normal driving. But this is just a stage — the vision is to have fully automated cars very soon. The director of Google's self?drive project, Chris Urmson, hopes his 11?year?old son will never have to take a driving test. To achieve that, the cars need to be on the roads in five years. He says driverless cars will greatly reduce accidents and traffic jams.

According to Chris, about 1.2 million people are killed on the roads around the world each year. That number is equivalent to a jet falling out of the sky every day. He thinks gradual changes to existing car designs are not enough to deal with the problems. “If we are really going to make changes to our cities, get rid of parking lots, we need self?drive cars，” he says.

Google's prototypes have covered over a million kilometers on the road. They have also had to deal with unexpected situations, such as a child driving a toy car in the road, and a woman in an electric wheelchair chasing a duck. In each case, the car reacted safely.

Some are not convinced. Sven Beiker of Stanford University thinks driverless cars will still need human input in extreme circumstances.

1.According to Paragraph 1, what is the author's chief concern about driverless cars?

A．Functions. B．Safety.

C．Price. D．Appearance.

2.Chris Urmson mentioned his 11?year?old son in order to show that ________.

A．traditional cars are harmful for kids

B．his son is not good at driving

C．his son is a slow learner in driving

D．driverless cars will come soon

3.What is Chris Urmson's comment on self?drive cars?

A．They can solve many existing problems.

B．They are safer than a jet plane.

C．They can completely change our cities.

D．They should change gradually.

4.What can we learn from the text?

A．Google's prototypes will be tested on the roads soon.

B．Self?drive cars are not designed for children or women.

C．Concerns remain about the reliability of self?drive cars.

D．Driving tests will be easier to pass in the near future.

】七选五填空。

We all face quantities of stresses in day-to-day living, whether at work, in the home, or anywhere in between. 1. Here's how stress can help us on an everyday basis.

◆ Sharpen your memory.

Did you ever notice that sometimes when you are stressed, your memory seems to improve? Remember that test you passed where the answers seemed to come out of nowhere? 2. It's because of stress hormones（荷尔蒙）that increase your alertness(机敏) when it's most needed.

◆ 3.

Successful employees turn stress into motivation. Have you ever noticed that you get the least amount of work done when you have the fewest deadlines? Too little stress can affect how much you actually get done. When you take risks and choose to get over the difficulty, it improves your mental toughness and self-confidence.

◆ Helping you resist the attack of illness.

4. Believe it or not, the right kind of stress can help your body's defenses against illness. When you get sick, stress causes you to make hormones that battle threats to your health. That burst of stress is helpful to your immune system when your body faces a threat.

◆ Making your life more interesting.

Think about some stressful situations that we consciously put ourselves in to make life more interesting and enjoyable, like asking someone out on a first date, conquering a known fear, or learning something new. These may not immediately come to mind when you think of stress because of the positive outcomes. 5.

A．Helping you get an advantage at work.

B．Helping you get through difficult times.

C．This will happen whenever you are stressed.

D．That's one way your brain responds to stress.

E. You need a healthy immune system to help fight off diseases.

F. But they're the types that can help you achieve fulfillment and happiness.

G. But handled properly, stress can have many benefits for the body and mind.

假如你是中学生李平。最近你校规定：学生在校期间，禁止到校外就餐。现在，请你就此事给校报英文版编辑写一封信，内容包括：

1．学校制定此规定的理由；

2．同学们对此规定的反应及理由；

3．你的看法。

注意：1.词数100左右；信的抬头与结束语已写好，不计入总词数；

2．文中不得透露你和所在学校的真实名字。

参考词汇：食堂canteen

Dear editor，

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Best wishes!

Yours，

Li Ping

Emily and her boyfriend had just had a fight. She felt alone and hopeless. Then she went into the kitchen and grabbed what she needed before going back up to her room quietly. She switched on the TV and started eating…and eating…for hours, until it was all gone.

What Emily didn't know at the time was that she was suffering from an illness called binge-eating disorder(BED)(暴饮暴食).

For years, Emily didn't tell anyone what she was doing. She felt ashamed, alone, and out of control. Why don't famous people confess (承认) to BED, as they do to anorexia? It's simple: There's a stigma（污名）involved. “Overeating is seen as very bad, but dieting to be skinny is seen as positive and even associated with determination," says Charles Sophy, a doctor in Beverly Hills , California.

"Some parents or friends may look at a teen with BED and think, 'Oh, a good diet and some will-power will do the trick.' But that's not true," says Dr.Ovidio Bermudez , a baby doctor at the Eating Recovery Center in Denver. "Eating disorders are real physical and mental health issues; it's not about willpower." The focus in treating BED shouldn't be on weight, because as with all eating disorders, the behaviors with food are a symptom of something deeper.

Like most other diseases, genetics may play a big part in who gets BED and who doesn't. If you have a close relative with an eating disorder, that means you're more likely to develop an eating disorder of your own.

Besides, many people with BED have tried at some point or another to control it by going on a diet, but paying more attention to food doesn't help. And it might even make things worse, like it did for Carla, who's 15 now and is recovering from BED. "My parents would always tease me about my weight, so when I was 14, I went on a very restrictive diet," she says. When you can't have something, you only want it more, so every time Carla would have a bite of something that wasn't allowed on her strict diet. She would quickly lose control and binge (狂欢).

1.What does the underlined word "anorexia" in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. Eating too much.

B. Eating junk food.

C. Loss of the wish to eat.

D. Always eating in a hurry.

2.According to Dr. Ovidio Bermudez, people with BED_______ .

A. just need a lot of willpower

B. can recover with a good diet

C. can recover with the help of others

D. need to deal with their health problems

3.What can we learn from Carla's story?

A. BED is an incurable disease.

B. BED has something to do with genes.

C. Going on a diet won't help BED patients.

D. BED patients should pay attention to their food.

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