题目内容
【题目】Fencing or Not
Wildlife fences are constructed for a variety of reasons including to prevent the spread of diseases, to protect wildlife from poachers(偷猎者), and to help manage small populations of threatened species. Human-wildlife conflict is another common reason for building fences. Wildlife can damage valuable farm animals and crops. Some species carry diseases of agricultural concern, and a few threaten human lives. At the same time, people kill wild animals for food, trade, or to defend lives or property, and human activities destroy wildlife habitat(栖息地). Separating people and wildlife by fencing can appear to be a mutually beneficial way to avoid such harmful effects. But in a paper in the journal Science, published recently, some scientists argue that fencing should only be used if worse comes to worst.
According to the scientists, although fencing can have conservation benefits, it also has costs. When areas of wildlife habitat are changed into islands, the resulting small and isolated populations tend towards extinction, and the resulting loss of larger-bodied species can affect interactions between species in ways that cause further local extinctions. Therefore, scientists are asking that conservationists carefully weigh up the biodiversity costs and benefits of new and existing fences.
In addition to fences’ ecosystem-wide impact, the scientists don’t think they always achieve their specific aims. Construction of fences to reduce human-wildlife conflict has been successful in some places but the challenges of appropriate fence design, location, construction, and protection mean that fences often fail to deliver the anticipated benefits. In some places, fences also provide poachers with a ready supply of wire for making traps.
A variety of alternative approaches, including better caring for farm animals, community-based crop-guarding, insurance and wildlife-sensitive land-use planning are suggested to reduce conflicts between people and wildlife without the need for fencing. Some projects working with local people and government agencies in Indonesia have shown that human-elephant conflict can be dramatically reduced without using fences.
The scientists conclude that as climate change increases the importance of facilitating wildlife mobility and conserving landscape connectivity, fence removal may become an important form of climate change preparation, and so fencing of wildlife should be avoided whenever possible.
【1】What does the underlined word “mutually” in Paragraph 1 probably mean________?
A. Indeed. B. Outdoors. C. Straight. D. Both.
【2】According to the scientists, what will fencing influence______?
A. Land building.
B. Species diversity.
C. Human population.
D. Wildlife’s body size.
【3】What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 4_______?
A. Replacements for fences.
B. Wildlife-protection methods.
C. Effective land-use approaches.
D. Conflicts between human and wildlife
【4】The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A. argue and prove
B. inform and explain
C. appeal and discuss
D. compare and assess
【答案】
【1】D
【2】B
【3】A
【4】B
【解析】
试题分析：文章主要讲的是人类和野生动物之间的冲突。一方面，野生动物给农作物带来伤害，还可能会威胁人的生命；另一方面，人类捕杀野生动物，人类活动破坏野生动物的栖息地。为了解决这种冲突，有人提出用隔离人类和野生动物的办法。科学家认为此举不利于保护物种的多样性。
【1】猜测词义题。“such harmful effects”指的是“Wildlife can damage valuable farm animals and crops. Some species carry diseases of agricultural concern, and a few threaten human lives...people kill wild animals for food, trade, or to defend lives or property, and human activities destroy wildlife habitat”，把人类和野生动物分隔开来能使农作物和人类的生命得到保护，同时，野生动物也能免遭杀害，这似乎是对人类和野生动物都有益处的办法，说明划线词是“相互的”之意，故选D。
【2】细节理解题。根据第二段“the resulting small and isolated populations tend towards extinction, and the resulting loss of larger-bodied species...cause further local extinctions”可知，科学家认为隔离野生动物和人类会造成动物的灭绝，进而影响物种的多样化，故选B。
【3】段落大意题。根据“A variety of alternative approaches...are suggested to reduce conflicts between people and wildlife without the need for fencing”可知，在解决人类和野生动物冲突方面，有许多可替代性的途径，故选A。
【4】主旨大意题。根据文章标题“Fencing or Not”可知，文章主要讲的是，是否应该在人类和野生动物之间建立屏障。根据第一段“Wildlife fences are constructed for a variety of reasons”和最后一段“fencing of wildlife should be avoided whenever possible”可知，文章提出了问题--隔离人类和野生动物，在文章的结尾给出了解答，即避免建立屏障，故选B。
