题目内容

阅读理解

　　Study carefully the underlined parts in the following sentences and then do exercises behind.

　　（1）Lucian is head and shoulders above the rest of the group learning ballet.

　　This coffee is head and shoulders above the kind we had last week.

　　（2）You're skating on thin ice if you keep on talking like that to your father.

　　I knew I was skating on thin ice to ask for a rise in salary , but I hat to have more money.

　　（3）Squirrels （松鼠）gather nuts in the fall for a rainy day.

　　Each week my parents saved for a rainy day.

　　（4）After he won the lottery , he was in the chips.

　　Sam's invention has earned so much money that he is really in the chips.

　　（5）All of their advice to their son was ignored. It was like water off a duck's back.

　　In spite of the fact that I warned him against smoking, it was like water off a duck's back.

　　（6）My uncle is so rich that he has money to burn.

　　My friend buys anything he wants. He acts as if he has money to burn.

1．Which two groups have the same meaning idioms?

[　　]

A．（4）and（6）
B．（1）and（4）
C．（3）and（6）
D．（1）and（3）

2．If someone takes no notice of what you say to him , you use the idiom:“________”.

[　　]

A．head and shoulders above

B．skating on thin ice

C．like water off a duck's back

D．money to burn

答案：A;C
解析：

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阅读理解。

　　Many Americans are turning to Japan, they think, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers．However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find．In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction．In one survey, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education．Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents(答问卷者)listed“to give children a good start academically”as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools．In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices．To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as determination, concentration, and the ability to work as a member of a group．The huge majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents．

　　Like in America, there is diversity(多样性)in Japanese early childhood education．Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development．In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools．Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children's chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities．Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens．

(1)

We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe ________．

[　　]

A．

Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents

B．

Japan's economic success is a result of its scientific achievements

C．

Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction

D．

Japan's higher education is superior to theirs

(2)

In Japan's preschool education, the focus is on ________．

[　　]

A．

preparing children academically

B．

developing children's artistic interests

C．

developing children's potential

D．

shaping children's character

(3)

Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?

[　　]

A．

They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education．

B．

They can make more group experience grow there．

C．

They can be individually oriented when they grow up．

D．

They can do better in their future studies．

(4)

Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to ________．

[　　]

A．

broaden children's knowledge

B．

lighten children's study load

C．

train children's creativity

D．

enrich children's experience

(5)

Which of the following statements is true?

[　　]

A．

Most of the Japanese preschools pay much attention to academic instructions．

B．

Very few Japanese respondents don't agree to give children a start academically．

C．

In Japan it is common for parents to teach their children at home．

D．

American respondents don't agree to give children a start academically．

阅读理解：

　　Suppose we built a robot(机器人)to explore the planet Mars．We provide the robot with seeing detectors(探测器)to keep it away from danger．It is powered entirely by the sun．Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times?No．The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any．So we would probably program it to stop its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning．

　　According to the evolutionary(进化的)theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason．The theory does not deny(否认)that sleep provides some important restorative functions(恢复功能)．It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous．However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into; it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us．So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent．

　　The evolutionary theory explains the differences in sleep among creatures．Why do eats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little?Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do．But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep．Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value．Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival(生存)depends on their ability to run away from attackers．

(1)

The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us ________．

[　　]

A．

the differences between robots and men

B．

the reason why men need to sleep

C．

about the need for robots to save power

D．

about the danger of men working at night

(2)

Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him ________．

[　　]

A．

keep up a regular pattern of life

B．

prevent trouble that comes looking for him

C．

avoid danger and inefficient labour

D．

restore his bodily functions

(3)

According to the author, we cannot sleep well when we ________．

[　　]

A．

are worrying about our safety

B．

are overworked

C．

are in a tent

D．

are away from home

(4)

Cats sleep much more than horses do partly because cats ________．

[　　]

A．

need more time for restoration

B．

are unlikely to be attackers

C．

axe more active than homes when they are awake

D．

spend less time eating to get enough energy

(5)

Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

[　　]

A．

Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking．

B．

The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory．

C．

Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots．

D．

The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats．

阅读理解：

　　Some children are natural-born bosses．They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow．Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of what’s mine is mine and what’s your is mine,” says his mother．“The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers(剑)．Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones．

　　“Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation．It’s an inheritable trait,” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina．Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance(支配地位)when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other．

　　Whether it’s inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands of the young isn’t healthy for children or the family．Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor．Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness” and “a desire to feel safe．” It’s the parents’ role to provide that protection．

　　When a “boss child” doesn’t learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family．The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends．It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways．

　　“I see more and more parents giving up their power,” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years．“They bend too far because they don’t want to be as strict as their own parents were．But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills．Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious．”

(1)

Bossy children like Stephen Jackson ________．

[　　]

A．

make good decisions

B．

show self-centeredness

C．

lack care from others

D．

have little sense of fear

(2)

The underlined phrase “inheritable trait” in Paragraph 2 means ________．

[　　]

A．

inborn nature

B．

developed character

C．

accepted theory

D．

particular environment

(3)

The study on bossy behavior implies that parents ________．

[　　]

A．

should give more power to their children

B．

should be strict with their children

C．

should not be so anxious about their children

D．

should not set limits for their children

(4)

Bossy children may probably become ________．

[　　]

A．

relaxed

B．

skillful

C．

hesitant

D．

lonely

(5)

What is the passage mainly about ________．

[　　]

A．

How bossy behavior can be controlled．

B．

How we can get along with bossy children．

C．

What leads to children's bossy behavior．

D．

What effect bossy behavior brings about．

阅读理解：

　　Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee．And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea．The physical sensation(感觉)of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions－those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A．Bargh．

　　Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知)of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships．Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable．Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness．Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle．Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills．

　　Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal．Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries．

　　To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students．A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form：The drink was then handed back．After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description．Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink．

　　“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh．

(1)

According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by _________．

[　　]

A．

the visitors to his office

B．

the psychology lessons he has

C．

his physical feeling of coldness

D．

the things he has bought online

(2)

The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that _________．

[　　]

A．

adults should develop social skills

B．

babies need warm physical contact

C．

caregivers should be healthy adults

D．

monkeys have social relationships

(3)

In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to _________．

[　　]

A．

evaluate someone’s personality

B．

write down their hypotheses

C．

fill out a personal information form

D．

hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

(4)

We can infer from the passage that _________．

[　　]

A．

abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B．

feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

C．

physical temperature affects how we see others

D．

capable persons are often cold to others

(5)

What would be the best title for the passage?

[　　]

A．

Drinking for Better Social Relationships

B．

Experiments of Personality Evaluation

C．

Developing Better Drinking Habits

D．

Physical Sensations and Emotions

阅读理解：

　　For years, there has been a bias(偏见)against science among clinical psychologists．In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychologists led by Timothy B．Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to “provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness” and “give more weight to their personal experiences than to science．” As a result, patients have no guarantee that their “treatment will be informed by …science．” Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment．“The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,” he told me, and “there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science．”

　　The “widening” reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying the most effective treatments．Thanks to strict clinical trials, we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new, healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression, panic disorder and other problems, with multiple trials showing that these treatments－the tools of psychology－bring more lasting benefits than drugs．

　　You wouldn’t know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist．Although many treatments are effective, relatively few psychologists learn or practice them．

　　Why in the world not? For one thing, says Baker, clinical psychologists are “very doubtful about the role of science” and “lack solid science training”．Also, one third of patients get better no matter what treatment(if any)they have, “and psychologists remember these successes, believing, wrongly, that they are the result of the treatment．”

　　When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science, clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study that works．A 2008 study of 591 psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues’ experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient．If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine, warns Mischel, psychology will “discredit itself．”

(1)

Many clinical psychologists fail to provide the most effective treatments because _________．

[　　]

A．

they are unfamiliar with their patients

B．

they believe in science and evidence

C．

they depend on their colleagues’ help

D．

they rely on their personal experiences

(2)

The widening gap between clinical practice and science is due to _________．

[　　]

A．

the cruel judgment by Walter Mischel

B．

the fact that most patients get better after being treated

C．

the great progress that has been made in psychological research

D．

the fact that patients prefer to take drugs rather than have other treatments

(3)

How do clinical psychologists respond when charged that their treatments are not supported by science?

[　　]

A．

They feel embarrassed．

B．

They try to defend themselves．

C．

They are disappointed．

D．

They doubt their treatments．

(4)

In Mischel’s opinion, psychology will _________．

[　　]

A．

destroy its own reputation if no improvement is made

B．

develop faster with the support of insurance companies

C．

work together with insurance companies to provide better treatment

D．

become more reliable if insurance companies won’t demand evidence-based medicine

(5)

What is the purpose of this passage?

[　　]

A．

To show the writer’s disapproval of clinical psychologists．

B．

To inform the readers of the risks of psychological treatments．

C．

To explain the effectiveness of treatments by clinical psychologists．

D．

To introduce the latest progress of medical treatment in clinical psychology．

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