题目内容

【题目】In the past ten years, many scientists have studied the differences between men and women. And they all got the same answer: The sexes(性别) are different, because their brains are different. And this, the scientists say, makes men and women see the world in different ways.

Boys, for example, generally are better than girls at mathematical ideas. Boys also generally are better than girls at the kind of hand and eye movements necessary for ball sports. Girls, on the other hand generally start speaking earlier than boys. And they generally(通常) see better in the dark than boys and are better at learning foreign languages.

What makes men and women better at one thing or another? The answer is the brain. The brain has two sides connected by nerve(神经) tracks. The left side generally is used for mathematics, speech and writing. The right side is used for artistic creation(创造) and the expression for emotions(情感). In men and women, different areas in each side of the brain develop differently. In boys, for example, it’s the area used for mathematics. In girls, it is the area used for language skills. Another interesting difference is that the two sides of a man’s brain are connected by a smaller nerves than the two sides of a woman’s brain are.

【1】Which of the following is best to outline(概括) the article?

A. Research on the brain.

B. Differences between men and women

C. People’s different brains.

D. Who Are Better, Boys or Girls

【2】________men and women think differently.

A. Sex makes.

B. The different brains make

C. The different experiences make.

D. The influences of society make.

【3】According to the article, girls are generally better than boys at __ in your school.

A. mathematics B. physics C. English D. Chemistry

【4】Which of the following is true?

A. The right side of brain in boys generally develops better than that in girls.

B. The left side of brain in girls generally develops better than that in boys.

C. Men are better than women in all things.

D. The area in girls’ brain used for language skills develops better.

【答案】

【1】B

【2】B

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

试题分析:本文讲述男女之间的不同点以及原因

【1】B分析推理题。根据文章第一句In the past ten years, many scientists have studied the differences between men and women.在过去的十年里,许多科学家研究了男女的不同点,可知本文就是讲男女的不同点,故选B

【2】B细节理解题。第一段最后一句because their brains are different. And this, the scientists say, makes men and women see the world in different ways.因为他们大脑的不同。并且这使的男女以不同方式看世界,就是大脑使男女想的不同,故选B

【3】C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句they generally(通常) see better in the dark than boys and are better at learning foreign languages女人比男人能更好的学习一门外语,故选C

【4】D细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句In men and women, different areas in each side of the brain develop differently. In boys, for example, it’s the area used for mathematics. In girls, it is the area used for language skills.男女大脑不同区域发展不同。男人算数区域发展更好,女人语言技巧区域发展更好,故选D

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【题目】Two students started quarreling at school. One student shouted dirty words at the other, and a fight began. What can be done to stop fights like this at school? In some schools, the disputants sit down with peer mediators(同龄调解者). Peer mediators are students with special training in this kind of problems.

Peer mediators help the disputants to talk in a friendly way. Here are some of the ways they use:

1) Put what you think clearly but don’t say anything to hurt the other. Begin with “I feel…” instead of “You always…”

2) Listen carefully to what the other person is saying. Don’t stop the other person’s words.

3) Keep looking at the other person’s eyes when he or she talks.

4) Try to see the other person’s side of the problem.

5) Never put anyone down. Saying things like “You are foolish” makes the talk difficult. 6) Try to find a result that makes both people happy.

Peer mediators never decide the result or the winner. They don’t decide who is right and who is wrong. Instead, they help the two students to find their own “win-win” result.

【1The underlined word “disputants” refers to the students ________.

A. who make peace B. who give in

C. who are lazy D. who quarrel

【2When there is a fight at school ________.

A. the peer mediators decide who the winner is

B. the peer mediators and the disputants talk together

C. the students who quarrel decide who the winner is

D. the two students sit down and listen to the per mediators

【3】Peer mediators’ work is ________.

A. to give lessons to disputants

B. to find out who starts a quarrel

C. to give students some special training

D. to help find a way to make both sides happy

【4】Which of the following ways is not used by Peer mediators in finding a “win-win” result?

A. Listen carefully to what the other person is saying.

B. Try to see the other person’s side of the problem.

C. Never say things like “You are foolish”

D. Never keep looking at the other person’s eyes when he or she talks.

【题目】Exercise seems to be good for the human brain, with many recent studies suggesting that regular exercise improves memory and thinking skills. But an interesting new study asks whether the apparent cognitive benefits from exercise are real or just a placebo effect — that is, if we think we will be “smarter” after exercise, do our brains respond accordingly? The answer has significant implications for any of us hoping to use exercise to keep our minds sharp throughout our lives.

While many studies suggest that exercise may have cognitive benefits, recently some scientists have begun to question whether the apparently beneficial effects of exercise on thinking might be a placebo effect. So researchers at Florida State University in Tallahassee and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign decided to focus on expectations, on what people anticipate that exercise will do for thinking. If people’s expectations jibe (吻合) closely with the actual benefits, then at least some of those improvements are probably a result of the placebo effect and not of exercise.

For the new study, which was published last month in PLOS One, the researchers recruited 171 people through an online survey system, they asked half of these volunteers to estimate by how much a stretching and toning regimens (拉伸运动) performed three times a week might improve various measures of thinking. The other volunteers were asked the same questions, but about a regular walking program.

In actual experiments, stretching and toning program generally have little if any impact on people’s cognitive skills. Walking, on the other hand, seems to substantially improve thinking ability.

But the survey respondents believed the opposite, estimating that the stretching and toning program would be more beneficial for the mind than walking. The estimates of benefits from walking were lower.

These data, while they do not involve any actual exercise, are good news for people who do exercise. “The results from our study suggest that the benefits of aerobic exercise are not a placebo effect,” said Cary Stothart, a graduate student in cognitive psychology at Florida State University, who led the study.

If expectations had been driving the improvements in cognition seen in studies after exercise, Mr. Stothart said, then people should have expected walking to be more beneficial for thinking than stretching. They didn’t, implying that the changes in the brain and thinking after exercise are physiologically genuine.

The findings are strong enough to suggest that exercise really does change the brain and may, in the process, improve thinking, Mr. Stothart said. That conclusion should encourage scientists to look even more closely into how, at a molecular level, exercise remodels the human brain, he said. It also should encourage the rest of us to move, since the benefits are, it seems, not imaginary, even if they are in our head.

1Which of the following about the placebo effect is TRUE according to the passage?

A. It occurs during exercise. B. It has cognitive benefits.

C. It is just a mental reaction. D. It is a physiological response.

2Why did the researchers at the two universities conduct the research?

A. To discover the placebo effect in the exercise.

B. To prove the previous studies have a big drawback.

C. To test whether exercise can really improve cognition.

D. To encourage more scientists to get involved in the research.

3What can we know about the research Cary Stothart and his team carried out?

A. They employed 171 people to take part in the actual exercise.

B. The result of the research removed the recent doubt of some scientists.

C. The participants thought walking had a greater impact on thinking ability.

D. Their conclusion drives scientists to do research on the placebo effect.

4What might be the best title for the passage?

A. Is it necessary for us to take exercise? B. How should people exercise properly?

C. What makes us smarter during exercise? D. Does exercise really make us smarter?

【题目】Cheating is when a person misleads, deceives or acts dishonestly on purpose. 【1 If a basketball team is for kids under 8, it's cheating for a 9-year-old play on the team. At school, in addition to cheating on a test, a kid might cheat by stealing someone else's idea for a science project. 【2 This kind of cheating is called plagiarizing (抄袭).

【3 Jeff is doing it by sneaking answers to a test. And it's also cheating to break the rules of a game or contest or to pretend something is yours when it isn't. When people cheat, it's not fair to other people.

It's tempting(诱惑人的) to cheat because it makes difficult things seem easy, like getting all the right answer on the rest. 【4 And it won't help on the next test-unless the person cheats again.

【5 They want to get good grades but hate hard work. Other kids might feel like they can't pass the test without cheating. Even though there seems to be a "good reason" for cheating, cheating isn't a good idea.

A.Some kids cheat because they're lazy.

B.Cheating can happen in a lot of different ways.

C.But it doesn't solve the problem of not knowing the material.

D.Some kids cheat once and feel so bad that they never do it again.

E. For kids, cheating may happen at school, at home, or while playing a sport.

F. There are plenty of reasons why a kid shouldn't cheat, but some kids have already cheated.

G. Kids may also cheat by copying a book report off the Internet and handing it in as it's his or her original work.

【题目】Here are some interesting places in America:

Lake Placid

Lake Placid in New York State has everything you want: great downhill skiing (滑雪), great golf courses, and ponds for swimming. It is also a beautiful village with shops, restaurants, and hotels.

It is well-known as the place of the 1932 and 1980 Winter Olympics. While many travelers visit here for outdoor activities, others come to this beautiful town simply to get away from cities and enjoy the clean mountain air. Whether you come to Lake Placid for adventure or rest, you’ll surely enjoy your stay here.

Old Forge

Located (坐落于) in New York State, Old Forge is a deeply-wooded town with many rivers and lakes. It is a place where many people come to spend their summers. Biking, boating, and skiing are all popular sports in Old Forge. And on rainy days, the town’s small shops become the best places for people to look for special local gifts. If you are looking for a quiet place to keep away from trouble, Old Forge is a good choice.

Leavenworth

This comfortable mountain village is just a few hours’ drive to the east of Seattle. Many people from Seattle and from the rest of the country come here to enjoy the local shops and delicious German food.

Outside of Leavenworth, you will find some of the best views in Washington. High mountains rise from the wooded valleys (峡谷) and rivers run through the forests. There is no doubt that the environment is what makes Leavenworth such a special place for visitors.

【1】 Lake Placid is the best place for ______.

A. runners B. swimmers C. cyclists D. horse riders

【2What do Lake Placid and Old Forge have in common?

A. They are located in the same state.

B. The same things are sold in shops.

C. The same sports are played.

D. People go to the two places to spend their summers.

【3Why do people prefer to visit Leavenworth?

A. They like the special food there.

B. They love doing sports there.

C. They can buy cheap things there.

D. They enjoy the quiet environment.

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