题目内容

Populations are growing faster than economies in many poor countries in Africa and some in Asia. At the same time, low birth rates in Japan and many European nations have raised concerns about labor shortages.

Population experts at the United Nations estimated that the world reached six billion in October 1999. They predict nine billion by 2050 and ten billion by the end of the century. China's population of one and a third billion is currently the world's largest. India is second at 1.2 billion. But India is expected to pass China and reach one and a half billion people around 2025.

India will also have one of the world's youngest populations. Economists say this is a chance for a so-called demographic dividend. India could gain from the skills of young people in a growing economy at a time when other countries have aging populations. But economists say current rates of growth, although high, may not create enough jobs. Also, the public education system is failing to meet demand and schooling is often of poor quality. Another concern is health care. Nearly half of India's children under the age of five are malnourished(营养不良).

Michal Rutkowski, the director of human development in South Asia at the World Bank, says reaching seven billion people in the world is a good time for a call to action. He says, “I think the bottom line of the story is that the public policy needs to become really, really serious about sex equality and about access to services—to fight against malnutrition, and to provide for access to health services, water and schooling.”

1.What is true about the world's seven billionth person?

A. Baby Nargis is not the only child chosen as the seven billionth baby.

B. Baby Nargis has been chosen carefully so it is exactly the seven billionth baby.

C. Three countries have all declared Baby Nargis as the seven billi011th baby.

D. The United Nations declared Baby Nargis as the world's seven billionth person.

2.Which of the following problems do many European countries worry about?

A. Labor shortage. B. Poor health care.

C. Not enough jobs. D. Schooling of poor quality.

3.According to population experts, how long will it take for population to grow from six billion to nine billion?

A. About 12 years. B. About 40 years. C. About 50 years. D. About 110 years.

4.What does the underlined phrase “demographic dividend” in the fourth paragraph refer to?

A. Possibility of lower birth rate.

B. Benefit gained by working young people.

C. Chances for more employment.

D. Disadvantages caused by aging population.

5.Which of the following public policies does Michal Rutkowski call on?

A. To encourage late marriage. B. To reduce world's population.

C. To gain economic equality. D. To improve health and education.

【答案】

1.A

2.A

3.C

4.B

5.D

【解析】

试题分析：文章主要介绍了人口增长的问题。随着印度一名婴儿的出生，全球人口突破70亿关口。一些发展中国家人口增长过快，而一些发达国家却由于低生育率而面临劳动力短缺的问题。

1.根据“Nargis has been chosen symbolically as it is not possible to know where exactly the seven billionth baby is born. In addition to baby Nargis in India, Bangladesh, the Philippines and Cambodia have all identified seven billionth babies.”可知，选择Nargis作为第70亿个人，只是象征性的，Bangladesh, the Philippines和Cambodia也被选为第70亿宝宝，故选A。

2.根据“low birth rates in Japan and many European nations have raised concerns about labor shortages”可知，许多欧洲国家担忧的是劳动力短缺，故选A。

3.根据“Population experts at the United Nations estimated that the world reached six billion in October 1999. They predict nine billion by 2050”可知，达到90亿需要大约50年的时间，故选C。

4.根据“India could gain from the skills of young people in a growing economy at a time when other countries have aging populations.”可知，在其它国家进入老龄化阶段的时候，印度可以获得大量的年轻劳动力。这是有利的一面，故选B。

5.根据“to fight against malnutrition, and to provide for access to health services, water and schooling”可知，Michal Rutkowski提倡提高社会的医疗和教育水平。故选D。

考点：社会类短文阅读

练习册系列答案

A baby born in India has been declared the world's seven billionth person by child rights group Plan International.Baby Nargis was born at 07：25 local time(01：55GMT)in Mall village in India's Uttar Pradesh state.Plan International says Nargis has been chosen symbolically as it is not possible to know where exactly the seven billionth baby is born.In addition to baby Nargis in India，Bangladesh，the Philippines and Cambodia have all identified seven billionth babies.The United Nations estimated that on Monday 31 October.the world's population would reach seven billion.
Populations are growing faster than economies in many poor countries in Africa and some in Asia.At the same time，low birth rates in Japan and many European nations have raised concerns about labor shortages.
Population experts at the United Nations estimated that the world reached six billion in October 1999.They predict nine billion by 2050 and ten billion by the end of the century. China's population of one and a third billion is currently the world's largest.India is second at 1.2 billion.But India is expected to pass China and reach one and a half billion people around 2025.
India will also have one of the world's youngest populations.Economists say this is a chance for a so-called.demographic dividend.India could gain from the skills of young people in a growing economy at a time when other countries have aging populations.But economists say current rates of growth，although high，may not create enough jobs.Also，the public education system is failing to meet demand and schooling is often of poor quality.Another concern is health care.Nearly half of India's children under the age of five are malnourished(营养不良).
Michal Rutkowski，the director of human development in South Asia at the World Bank, says reaching seven billion people in the world is a good time for a call to action.He says，“I think the bottom line of the story is that the public policy needs to become really，really serious about sex equality and about access to services—to fight against malnutrition，and to provide for access to health services，water and schooling.”

1.
What is true about the world's seven billionth person?
1. A.
  Baby Nargis is not the only child chosen as the seven billionth baby.
2. B.
  Baby Nargis has been chosen carefully so it is exactly the seven billionth baby.
3. C.
  Three countries have all declared Baby Nargis as the seven billi011th baby.
4. D.
  The United Nations declared Baby Nargis as the world's seven billionth person.
2.
Which of the following problems do many European countries worry about?
1. A.
  Labor shortage.
2. B.
  Poor health care.
3. C.
  Not enough jobs.
4. D.
  Schooling of poor quality.
3.
According to population experts，how long will it take for population to grow from six billion to nine billion?
1. A.
  About 12 years.
2. B.
  About 40 years.
3. C.
  About 50 years.
4. D.
  About 110 years.
4.
What does the underlined phrase“demographic dividend”in the fourth paragraph refer to?
1. A.
  Possibility of lower birth rate.
2. B.
  Benefit gained by working young people.
3. C.
  Chances for more employment.
4. D.
  Disadvantages caused by aging population.
5.
Which of the following public policies does Michal Rutkowski call on?
1. A.
  To encourage late marriage.
2. B.
  To reduce world's population.
3. C.
  To gain economic equality.
4. D.
  To improve health and education.

阅读理解。

     A baby born in India has been declared the world's seven billionth person by child rights group
Plan International. Baby Nargis was born at 07:25 local time(01:55GMT)in Mall village in India's
Uttar Pradesh state. Plan International says Nargis has been chosen symbolically as it is not possible
to know where exactly the seven billionth baby is born. In addition to baby Nargis in India,Bangladesh,
the Philippines and Cambodia have all identified seven billionth babies. The United Nations estimated
that on Monday 31 October. the world's population would reach seven billion.
     Populations are growing faster than economies in many poor countries in Africa and some in Asia.
At the same time,low birth rates in Japan and many European nations have raised concerns about labor
shortages.
     Population experts at the United Nations estimated that the world reached six billion in October
1999. They predict nine billion by 2050 and ten billion by the end of the century.  China's population
of one and a third billion is currently the world's largest. India is second at 1. 2 billion. But India is
expected to pass China and reach one and a half billion people around 2025.
     India will also have one of the world's youngest populations. Economists say this is a chance for a
so-called. demographic dividend. India could gain from the skills of young people in a growing economy
at a time when other countries have aging populations. But economists say current rates of growth,
although high,may not create enough jobs. Also,the public education system is failing to meet demand
and schooling is often of poor quality. Another concern is health care. Nearly half of India's children
under the age of five are malnourished(营养不良).
     Michal Rutkowski,the director of human development in South Asia at the World Bank, says reaching
seven billion people in the world is a good time for a call to action. He says,"I think the bottom line of
the story is that the public policy needs to become really,really serious about sex equality and about
access to services-to fight against malnutrition,and to provide for access to health services,water and
schooling. "

1. What is true about the world's seven billionth person?

A. Baby Nargis is not the only child chosen as the seven billionth baby.
B. Baby Nargis has been chosen carefully so it is exactly the seven billionth baby.
C. Three countries have all declared Baby Nargis as the seven billi011th baby.
D. The United Nations declared Baby Nargis as the world's seven billionth person.

2. Which of the following problems do many European countries worry about?

A. Labor shortage.
B. Poor health care.
C. Not enough jobs.
D. Schooling of poor quality.

3. According to population experts,how long will it take for population to grow from six billion to nine
billion?

A. About 12 years.
B. About 40 years.
C. About 50 years.
D. About 110 years.

4. What does the underlined phrase"demographic dividend"in the fourth paragraph refer to?

A. Possibility of lower birth rate.
B. Benefit gained by working young people.
C. Chances for more employment.
D. Disadvantages caused by aging population.

5. Which of the following public policies does Michal Rutkowski call on?

A. To encourage late marriage.
B. To reduce world's population.
C. To gain economic equality.
D. To improve health and education.

Michal Rutkowski, the director of human development in South Asia at the World Bank, says reaching seven billion people in the world is a good time for a call to action. He says, "I think the bottom line of the story is that the public policy needs to become really, really serious about sex equality and about access to services -- to fight against malnutrition, and to provide for access to health services, water and schooling."

36. What is true about the world's seven billionth person?

A. Baby Nargis is not the only child chosen as the seven billionth baby.

B. Baby Nargis has been chosen carefully so it is exactly the seven billionth baby

C. Bangladesh, the Philippines and Cambodia have all declared Baby Nargis as the seven billionth baby.

D. The United Nations declared Baby Nargis born in India's Uttar Pradesh state as the world's seven billionth person.

37. Which of the following problems do many European countries worry about?

A. Labor shortage.

B. Poor health care

C. Not enough jobs

D. schooling of poor quality

38. According to population experts, how long will it take for population to grow from six billion to nine billion?

A. About 12 years.

B. About 40 years.

C. About 50 years.

D. About 110 years.

39. What does the underlined phrase “demographic dividend” in the fourth paragraph refer to?

A. Possibility of lower birth rate.

B. Benefit gained by working age people

C. Chances for more employment.

D. Disadvantages caused by aging population.

40. Which of the following public policies does Michal Rutkowski call on?

A. To encourage late marriage.

B. To reduce world’s population.

C. To gain economic equality.

D. To improve health and education.

In order to understand human beings, it is necessary to think of them as part of the whole living world. Our vital humanity depends not only on the complex biological structure which has been developed through the ages from very simple beginnings, but also upon the great social inventions which have been made by human beings, continued by human beings, and in turn give human beings their reputation as builders, thinkers, statesmen, artists and prophets(预言家).

No doubt each of these great inventions—language, the family, the use of tools, government, science, art, and philosophy—has the quality of so combining the potentialities of every human nature, and each can be learned and continued by any group of human beings, regardless of race and the type of civilization within which their progenitors lived; therefore, a newborn baby from the most primitive tribe in New Guinea is as basically capable of graduation from Harvard, or writing a sonnet(十四行诗), or inventing a new form of radar as a baby born on Beacon Hill.

However, it is also believed that once a child has been brought up in New Guinea, Boston, Leningrad or Tibet, he symbolizes the culture within which he is raised, and differs from those who are raised elsewhere so deeply, and that only by understanding these differences can we reach an awareness which will give us a new control over our human destiny(命运).

So believably human nature is naturally neither good nor evil, but human beings are born with different combinations of inborn potentialities, and it will depend upon how they are brought up—to trust and love and experiment and create, or to fear and hate and obey—and what kind of human beings they can become. We have not even begun to develop human potentialities, and by continuing modest but continual study of human behavior, we can learn intentionally to create civilizations within which an increasing percentage of human beings will realize more of what they have it in them to be.

Without any doubt, human life is given meaning through the relationship which the human being’s conscious goals have to the civilization, period, and the country in which one lives.

At times, the task may be to fence a wilderness, to bridge a river, or to bring up sons to continue a young group. Today, it means that we should take upon the task of creating one world in such a way that we both keep the future safe and leave the future free.

63. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. An understanding of human culture. B. A great invention of mankind.

C. Neither good nor evil. D. A new control of human destiny.

64. The underlined word “progenitors” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “_______”.

A. designers B. organizers C. ancestors D. discovers

65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Humanity depends on the social inventions as well as the biological structure.

B. Human inventions combine its potentialities with race and civilization.

C. Human nature is either good or evil at birth.

D. Human life has meaning because of the person’s conscious goals.

66. According to Paragraph 2, great human inventions include the following EXCEPT _______.

A. the quality of so combining the potentialities of every human nature

B. human race and civilization within which their progenitors lived

C. the ones that can be learned and continued by any group of human beings

D. language, the family, the use of tools, government, science, art and philosophy

What is true about the world's seven billionth person?

Which of the following problems do many European countries worry about?

According to population experts，how long will it take for population to grow from six billion to nine billion?

What does the underlined phrase“demographic dividend”in the fourth paragraph refer to?

Which of the following public policies does Michal Rutkowski call on?

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