Question

【题目】Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Television watching is an activity which is known to be harmful to health and is distinct from getting too little exercise. But a new study suggests its damaging effects may even 【1】 alongside those from smoking and obesity. Researchers who studied television viewing habits in Australia calculated that people who watch for a(n) 【2】 of six hours a day shorten their life expectancy by almost five years.

They based their calculations on data on the 【3】 between television viewing and death from the Australian obesity and lifestyle study which involved l 1,000 adults aged 25 and over. After 【4】 these findings to the whole population over 25, who are estimated to have watched 9. 8 billion hours of TV in 2008, they concluded that it 【5】 for 286,000 years of life lost — equivalent to 22 minutes for each, hour watched. By 【6】, smoking one cigarette is estimated to shorten life expectancy by 11 minutes — equivalent to half an hour of TV watching.

Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, the authors from the University of Queensland, say the figures suggest “huge loss of life may be 【7】 with too much TV viewing.” The UK and other industrialized countries are likely to be similarly affected “given the typically large amounts of time spent watching TV and the similarities in disease patterns.” The researchers add: “If these figures are 【8】 and shown to reflect a cause and effect relationship, TV viewing is a public health problem comparable in size to established behavioral risk factors.”

Researchers from Taiwan University found even those who did as little as 92 minutes’ exercise a week, — equivalent to 15 minutes a day for six days a week -- reduced their 【9】 of death by 14 per cent. Even this small amount of exercise could postpone one in six of all deaths — similar to the effects of a stop-smoking programme. Each 【10】 15 minutes a day reduced the death rate by a further 4 per cent.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】E

【4】K

【5】A

【6】F

【7】H

【8】J

【9】I

【10】G

【解析】

本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项关于看电视习惯的研究。新的研究表明，它的破坏性影响甚至可以与吸烟和肥胖相提并论。

【1】考查动词。句意：但一项新的研究表明，它的破坏性影响甚至可以与吸烟和肥胖相提并论。根据上文Television watching is an activity which is known to be harmful to health and is distinct from getting too little exercise.及本句中的but可知，此处指“它的破坏性影响甚至可以与吸烟和肥胖相提并论”。由此可知，may后接动词rank“属于某等级，排列”。故选D。

【2】考查名词。句意：研究澳大利亚看电视习惯的研究人员计算出，平均每天看6小时电视的人，平均寿命缩短了近5年。根据Researchers who studied television viewing habits in Australia可知，此处指“有平均每天看6小时电视习惯的人们”。由此可知，an后接名词average“平均数”。故选B。

【3】考查名词。句意：他们的计算基于澳大利亚肥胖与生活方式研究中关于看电视与死亡之间联系的数据，该研究涉及1000名25岁及以上的成年人。根据between television viewing and death可知，此处指“看电视与死亡之间的联系”，由此可知，the后接名词link“联系”。故选E。

【4】考查动词。句意：在将这些发现应用于整个25岁以上的人群后，这些人在2008年估计看了98亿小时的电视，他们得出的结论是，它导致了28.6万年的生命损失——相当于每小时观看22分钟。根据句意可知，此处是apply…to…“把……应用于……”，由空前after可知，此处使用现在分词applying。故选K。

【5】考查动词。句意：在将这些发现应用于整个25岁以上的人群后，这些人在2008年估计看了98亿小时的电视，他们得出的结论是，它导致了28.6万年的生命损失——相当于每小时观看22分钟。根据句意可知，此处是account for“导致”，句子描述的是2008年的事情，应使用一般过去时。故选A。

【6】考查名词。句意：相比之下，据估计，吸一根烟会使预期寿命缩短11分钟，相当于看半小时电视。根据语境可知，此处在进行数据对比，由空前介词by可知，此处使用名词comparison“比较，对照”。故选F。

【7】考查形容词。句意：昆士兰大学的研究人员在《英国运动医学杂志》上发表的研究报告中称，这些数据表明“大量的死亡可能与看电视时间过长有关。”根据语境可知，此处指“大量的死亡可能与看电视时间过长有关”，be associated with“与……有关，与……有关系”，此处使用形容词associated“关联的”。故选H。

【8】考查动词。句意：研究人员补充说:“如果这些数据被证实并反映了因果关系，那么看电视在一定程度上就是一个公共健康问题，其严重程度可与既定的行为风险因素相当。”根据“TV viewing is a public health problem comparable in size to established behavioral risk factor”可知，此处指“这些数据被证实”，应使用动词confirm“证实”的过去分词，构成被动语态。故选J。

【9】考查名词。句意：台湾大学的研究人员发现，即使是那些每周只锻炼92分钟(相当于每周6天每天锻炼15分钟)的人，其死亡风险也降低了14%。每周只锻炼92分钟的人，死亡率降低了14%，所以此处使用名词risk“冒险，风险”作their的宾语。故选I。

【10】考查形容词。句意：每天每增加15分钟，死亡率就会降低4%。根据语境可知，此处指“每天额外增加15分钟”。由此可知，此处使用形容词additional“额外的”。故选G。