题目内容
He had little idea that it was getting so late， ?
A．didn’t he B．wasn’t it
C．did he D．was it
—When shall we start the reconstruction of the old buildings?
—Not until_ by the local government．
A．will our program be approved
B．our program will be approved
C．has our program been approved
D．' our program has been approved '
E
A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists( 悲观者)who expected their future to be worse.
The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.
Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes. However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.
1.According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
A. Optimistic adults.
B. Middle-aged adults.
C. Adults in poor health.
D. Adults of lower income.
2.Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.
A. to fully enjoy their present life
B. to estimate their contribution accurately
C. to take measures against potential risks
D. to value health more highly than wealth
3.How do people of higher income see their future?
A. They will earn less money.
B. They will become pessimistic.
C. They will suffer mental illness.
D. They will have less time to enjoy life.
4.What is the clear conclusion of the study?
A. Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.
B. Good financial condition leads to good health.
C. Medical treatment determines health outcomes.
D. Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.
---What bad luck! I had a cut in salary yesterday.
--- _____. I warned you not to be late repeatedly but you ignored it.
A. You asked for it B. Never mind
C. Take it easy D. By all means
C
A crisis is on the way．Global warming? The world economy? No，the decline of reading．People are just not doing it anymore，especially the young．Who’s responsible? What is responsible? The Internet，of course，and everything that comes with it—Facebook，Twitter，etc..
There’s been a warning about the coming death of literate civilization for a long time．In the 20th century，first it was the movies，then radio，then television that seemed to end the written world．None did．Reading survived；in fact it not only survived，it has developed better．The world is more literate than ever before — there are more and more readers．and more and more books．
The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry over．The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing．Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before．Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations，an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links：to texts，pictures，and videos．
On the other hand，there is the danger of trivialization(碎片化)．One Twitter group is offering its followers single-sentence-long“digests”of the great novels．War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking．We should fear the fragmentation(碎片)of reading．There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span—that we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration．
In such a fast-changing world，in which reality seems to be remade each day，we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us．This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear．Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone entirely in pace with modern technology but able to make sense of a dynamic，confusing world．
1.In Paragraph 2，we can learn ．
A．the disappearance of traditional books
B．the development of human civilization
C．the historical challenges for reading
D．the birth of pioneering e-books
2.According to the passage，the advantage of e-books is ．
A．1imited link
B．imaginative design
C．low cost
D．varied contents
3.How does the author feel towards single-sentence-long novels?
A．Doubtful B．Worried
C．Shocked D．Hopeful
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Technology is an opportunity and a challenge for traditional reading．
B．Technology pushes the way forward for reading and writing．
C．Interconnectivity is a feature of new reading experience．
D．Technology offers a greater variety of reading practice．
As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education，so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population．Ideally，both high schools and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles．
High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might，or than many other nations currently offer，creating a growing skills gap in our economy．We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not，or have a clear sense of purpose or interest，and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world．
We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training，as well as the development of a work ethic(美德)and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development．
Meanwhile，the liberal arts(人文学科)become more important than ever．In a knowledge economy where professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may not even exist yet，the skill needed is one that prepares them for change and continued learning．
Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech，knowing how to find information，and knowing how to do research are all solid background skills for a wide variety of roles，and such training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college．We need to continue to value broad preparation in thinking skills that will serve for a lifetime．
Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions．The lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated(恶化)by parental involvement in the college years．Given the rising investment in college education，parental concern is not surprising，but learning where and when to intervene will help students take more ownership of the outcomes of these increasingly costly educations．
1.What kind of education does the author think is ideal?
A．It benefits the great majority of the general population．
B．It prepares students to meet the future needs of society．
C．It encourages students to learn throughout their lives．
D．It ensures that students’ expectations are successfully fulfilled．
2.What is the feature of a knowledge economy?
A．People have to receive higher education to qualify for a professional position．
B．Students majoring in liberal arts usually have difficulty seeking a job．
C．New positions are constantly created that require people to keep learning．
D．Colleges find it hard to teach students how to cope with the changing economy．
3.According to the author，a liberal arts college should focus on ?
A．solid background knowledge in a particular field
B．practical skills urgently needed in current society
C．basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning
D．useful thinking skills for advanced academic research
4.What suggestion does the author offer to parents?
A．Rethinking the value of higher education．
B．Investing wisely in their children’s education．
C．Helping their children to bring their talent into full play．
D．Avoiding too much intervention in their children’s education．
I am sorry he has not told me his name on the phone because helps if I know who I am talking to．
A．it B．he
C．one D．its
Want Kids to Eat Better? Get Them Cooking
Cooking programs and classes for children seem to positively influence children's food preferences and behaviors, according to a recent review. And, although the review didn't look at long-term effects of such programs, the findings suggest that such programs might help children develop long-lasting healthy habits.
This research comes at a time when childhood obesity（肥胖）rates have been rising rapidly. More than one-third of adolescents in the United States were obese in 2012, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This trend has been caused, at least in part, by a significant decrease in the amount of meals that people consume at home since the 1980s, according to background information in the study.
Cooking education programs, such as Food Explorers, teach children about new healthy foods and how to prepare them. They also stress the importance of eating five fruits and vegetables every day. A volunteer parent explains a new food to the group, and the kids make something based on the lesson, such as fruit or vegetable salad. Depending on the program, kids may be sent home with information about healthy foods to bring to their parents, the review explained.
The study team reviewed eight other studies that tested different types of cooking education programs. Children in these classes were between 5 and 12 years old, according to the review. The goal of the study team was to learn more about developing an efficient program to encourage healthy food choices that last a lifetime. The study found that it is particularly important to expose kids to healthy foods on a number of occasions. This makes them feel comfortable with the new foods, which helps them build healthy habits.
The study stressed the importance of getting parents involved in（参与）their children's eating habits. Parents who are unable to enroll their kids in a cooking class can achieve similar benefits by having their kids help them while they prepare meals at home. Children are more comfortable at home, which makes them more receptive to new foods because they will make the connection to a positive experience.
1.What can we infer from the second paragraph?
A. Eating out frequently causes obesity.
B. Childhood obesity is totally caused by eating habit.
C. Childhood obesity rates have been rising rapidly since 2012
D. Food consumption has decreased significantly since the 1980s
2.On cooking education programs, ________.
A. children learn how to prepare foods from their parents
B. children will learn how to cook in the company of their parents
C. children may learn information unknown to their parents
D. children focus more on cooking skills than on information about healthy foods
3.Which of the following is true according to the study?
A. Parents should let their kids cook independently at home.
B. A greater willingness to try new foods helps building healthy habits.
C. Children who participate in cooking programs are less likely to become obese.
D. Children who take cooking courses are more likely to choose fruits and vegetables as adults
4.Which of the following categories does this passage belong to?
A. Education Systems
B. Science and Technology
C. Parent-child Relationship
D. Public Health Research
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social-progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: "I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try." What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistake belief that-one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.
1.What does this text mainly talk about?
A. Competition helps to set up self-respect.
B. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.
C. People hold different opinions about competition.
D. Failures are necessary experience in competition.
2.Some people favor competition because they think it __.
A. builds up a sense of pride
B. pushes society forward
C. improves social abilities
D. develops people's relationship
3. The underlined phrase "the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 refers to those who
A. are strongly against competition
B. highly value competition
C. try their best to win
D. mostly rely on others for success
4. Which viewpoint does the author agree to?
A. Self-worth relies on winning.
B. Competition leads to unfriendly relationship.
C. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.
D. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.
