题目内容

Poverty today is a major global issue. Although there are all kinds of definitions used to explain it, in simple words, it means the inability of a person to even get his basic needs of food, shelter, clothing, safe drinking water, health and education. Poverty can be found in each and every corner of the world, although the causes may differ from country to country. Given below are the main causes of poverty in the world today.
Overpopulation is one of the main causes behind the threatening of poverty on an individual level as well as a social level. This is simple math. If there are more mouths to feed and less income, definitely much will remain poor.
Another theory which is used as an explanation for poverty is lack of education. If you look at any of the underdeveloped countries, you will find that the level of education there is very low. Lack of education means lack of employment opportunities, thus leading to unemployment coupled with poverty in the future.
Moving away from one’s own homeland to another city or country in search of employment leads to poverty too. It may take these people a lot of time to find jobs. Meanwhile they live in bad conditions. The cost of living in the city or country is most of the time too high for them.
There may be other causes of poverty like the change in business. For example, in America, a couple of decades ago, heavy industry flourished, which employed a lot of African-American people. But now, the focus is more on information technology and health care, both of which employ only skilled and trained people. This has led to unemployment among African-Americans.
Poverty has many ill effects on society. That’s why steps should be taken to get rid of it!
【小题1】What’s the meaning of the underlined word “flourished” in Paragraph 5?
(No more than 5 words)
【小题2】Why is overpopulation a cause of poverty today?  (No more than12 words)
【小题3】What’s the situation of education in underdeveloped countries?  (No more than 8 words)
【小题4】What does the passage mainly talk about?   (No more than 10 words)
【小题5】In your opinion, what’s the most significant cause of poverty today? Please give your reason.  (No more than 25 words)


【小题1】developed(quickly)( 形式及时态错不给分)
【小题2】 Because there’re more mouths to feed and less income.
【小题3】 The level of education is very low.
【小题4】Main causes of poverty in the world today.
【小题5】Lack of education. People without good education can’t adapt to society, so they’re much likely to suffer from poverty. (答案可不同)

解析试题分析:文章主要分析了贫穷的原因:人口太多,教育太低等都是贫穷的原因。
【小题1】developed(quickly)( 形式及时态错不给分)
推理题。根据本句For example, in America, a couple of decades ago, heavy industry flourished, which employed a lot of African-American people. 可知很多年前,美国的重工业发展很快,雇佣了很多的工人。故该词是指迅速发展。
【小题2】Because there’re more mouths to feed and less income.
细节题。根据第二段最后一句If there are more mouths to feed and less income, definitely much will remain poor.
【小题3】The level of education is very low.
细节题。根据第三段第2句If you look at any of the underdeveloped countries, you will find that the level of education there is very low.
【小题4】Main causes of poverty in the world today.
主旨大意题。文章主要分析了贫穷的原因:人口太多,教育太低等都是贫穷的原因。
【小题5】Lack of education. People without good education can’t adapt to society, so they’re much likely to suffer from poverty. (答案可不同)
本题要求考生给出自己认为的贫穷的原因,不同的人观点不同。建议把教育水平低当成贫穷的主要原因。
考点:考查社会现象类短文阅读
点评:文章主要分析了贫穷的原因:人口太多,教育太低等都是贫穷的原因。文考查细节题为主,细节题可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息?或是其变体。搜查信息在阅读中非常重要它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。

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A. Apollo.            B. The Week.       

C. New Internationalist.       D. The Guardian Weekly.

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A. men       B. women     C. children     D. grown-ups

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A. Apollo & The Week.

B. Apollo & New Internationalist.

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Ⅲ 阅读(共两节。满分40分)
阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Poverty is not first thing that comes to mind when you think of Japan. After all, there are no children begging on the streets in major cities here. You do not often see Japanese citizens publicly letting out their complaints over the country’s economic decline. But senior government researcher Aya Abe says Japan has the fourth-highest rate of child poverty among developed countries.
She says she sees that poverty in schools where students admit to only bathing once a week. Some cannot afford to buy pencils for class.
“They may not be on the streets begging or they may not be turning into criminals, but it’s there. It’s just that we have to open our eyes and see,” Abe said.
Abe owes the increase in child poverty to the country’s changing demographics(人口统计), struggling economy and high social security premiums(保险费). She says fewer people live in three-generation households, where the parents and grandparents work. The number of single mothers has increased. The salary for young fathers has declined with the economic downturn. Social security premiums have increased in the last 20 years, putting families on the threshold of poverty.
Abe says studies conducted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD ) point to rising poverty in Japan before the global economic crises in 2008. But the Japanese government and public refused to acknowledge it until then - in part, because of the shame associated with poverty.
“It was, what should I say, very unpopular for Japanese media to say anything about Japanese poverty,” said Abe. “Even though OECD announced it and OECD Japan announced it in Japanese, it didn’t make it into the articles.”
Abe says new Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama has taken one important step to help alleviate (减缓) the problem. Next year, his Democratic Party of Japan plans to double monthly child care allowances given to families.
But Abe wants the government to expand its financial help even more. She wants it to simplify the process to apply for public assistance and provide educational grants for students struggling to pay for tuition at high schools and colleges. The country now only offers loans.
Abe says the government must act quickly because she says the problem will only get worse in the next few years.
41. The passage is intended to _________.
A. report the result of the studies conducted by OECD
B. tell us about the increase in Japanese child poverty
C. prove that Japan is no longer a developed country
D. introduce Aya Abe, a senior government researcher
42. It seems to be hard to associate Japan with poverty because _______.
A. no children are seen begging in the streets of main cities in Japan
B. its citizens never complain about the country’s economic decline
C. it is one of the few wealthiest countries in the world
D. its government and public refused to acknowledge it
43. According to Abe, several things contribute to the rising child poverty except________.
A. high social security premiums
B. the increase of the number of single mothers
C. the decrease of the salary for young fathers
D. the expansion of three-generation households
44. Why was it unpopular for Japanese media to say anything about Japanese poverty?
A.The Japanese public didn’t think it true.
B. It was forbidden by the Japanese government.
C. The Japanese public regarded it shameful to be poor.
D. OECD Japan had already announced it in Japanese.
45. What of the following is NOT the author’s suggestion for alleviating this problem?
A. Doubling monthly child care allowances given to families.
B. Expanding government’s financial help even more.
C. Providing educational grants for poor students.
D. Simplifying the process to apply for public assistance

Seth DeBolt is a plant scientist at the University of Kentucky US. He and other scientists wanted to find a source of fuel that poor people in rural areas of developing countries could use to make electricity.

The United Nations Development Program says a billion and a half people have no electricity. A billion others have an undependable supply.

    Professor DeBolt went on a study trip to rural Indonesia. He saw that there was very little waste in the use of agricultural products. Everything that farmers grew was used for something. Even the remains of fruit that people did not eat were fed to chickens.

Little waste meant there was little that could be used for fuel. Growing a separate fuel crop would take land away from food crops. That was something Professor DeBolt did not want to do.

    DeBOLT said, "The people at most risk with respect to energy poverty, typically they're the same people who have food insecurity issues as it is. And then any change in availability would be most damaging to that group of people."

    But he found one item that was in plentiful supply and would not create competition between food and fuel. Coconut shells are generally thrown out. Yet Professor DeBolt says it has an "excellent" heating value. All someone needs is a way to release that energy.

    DeBolt says he and his team see possibilities for coconut power. "Coconuts are growing here and these are the areas where there is possibility for energy poverty to be eased at least in part by these small-scale production systems."

    The researchers say these systems could provide as much as thirteen percent of the energy needs of a country like Indonesia. Other tropical countries with large crops of coconuts and similar fruit could benefit, as well.

    But DeBolt says this is not a perfect solution. There are technical questions, like how to safely deal with the dangerous waste produced in the process. And there needs to be money to get these projects started.

1.Professor DeBolt went on a study trip to rural areas of developing countries to       .

    A. help farmers make full use of waste

    B. seek certain materials to make electricity

    C. persuade farmers to grow more coconuts

    D. find a suitable place to carry out the experiment

2.DeBolt thought it was not a good idea to grow fuel crops because       .

    A. there are plenty of coconuts

    B. local farmers have no interest in it

    C. it would make food problems worse

    D. fuel crop has little use for local farmers

3.The last two paragraphs mainly tell us that coconut power       .

    A. needs further experiments and efforts

    B. can help solve energy problem perfectly

    C. will cause technique and money problems

    D. has drawn Indonesia's government attention

4.What might be the best title for the passage?

    A. Make Full Use Of Coconuts            B. Make Power From Coconuts

C. A Perfect Solution                            D. Food And Energy Problems

 

 

Poverty is not first thing that comes to mind when you think of Japan. After all, there are no children begging on the streets in major cities here. You do not often see Japanese citizens publicly letting out their complaints over the country’s economic decline. But senior government researcher Aya Abe says Japan has the fourth highest rate of child poverty among developed countries.

She says she sees that poverty in schools where students admit to only bathing once a week. Some cannot afford to buy pencils for class.

“They may not be on the streets begging or they may not be turning into criminals, but it’s there. It’s just that we have to open our eyes and see,” Abe said.

Abe owes the increase in child poverty to the country’s changing demographics(人口统计), struggling economy and high social security premiums(保险费). She says fewer people live in three-generation households, where the parents and grandparents work. The number of single mothers has increased. The salary for young fathers has declined with the economic downturn. Social security premiums have increased in the last 20 years, putting families on the edge of poverty.

Abe says studies conducted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD ) point to rising poverty in Japan before the global economic crises in 2008. But the Japanese government and the public refused to acknowledge it until then partly because of the shame associated with poverty.

“It was very unpopular for Japanese media to say anything about Japanese poverty,” said Abe. “Even though OECD Japan announced it in Japanese, Japanese media didn’t make it into the articles.”

Abe says new Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama has taken one important step to help alleviate (缓解) the problem. Next year, his Democratic Party of Japan plans to double monthly child care allowances given to families.

But Abe wants the government to expand its financial help even more. She wants it to simplify the process to apply for public assistance and provide educational grants for students struggling to pay for tuition at high schools and colleges. The country now only offers loans.

Abe also says the government must act quickly because she says the problem will only get worse in the next few years.

1. The passage is intended to _________.

   A. report the result of the studies conducted by OECD

   B. tell us about the increase in Japanese child poverty

   C. prove that Japan is no longer a developed country

   D. introduce Aya Abe, a senior government researcher

2. It seems to be hard to associate Japan with poverty because _______.

   A. no children are seen begging in the streets of main cities in Japan

   B. its citizens never complain about the country’s economic decline

   C. it is one of the few wealthiest countries in the world

   D. its government and public refused to acknowledge it

3. According to Abe, several things contribute to the rising child poverty except________.

   A. high social security premiums            

B. the increase of the number of single mothers

   C. the decrease of the salary for young fathers  

D. the expansion of three-generation households

4. Why was it unpopular for Japanese media to say anything about Japanese poverty?

A. The Japanese public didn’t think it true.           

B. It was forbidden by the Japanese government.

C. The Japanese public regarded it shameful to be poor. 

D. OECD Japan had already announced it in Japanese.

5. Which of the following is NOT the author’s suggestion for alleviating this problem?

   A. Doubling monthly child care allowances given to families.

   B. Expanding government’s financial help even more.

   C. Providing educational grants for poor students.

   D. Simplifying the process to apply for public assistance.

 

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