题目内容

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Some people with autism(孤独症) have __小题1:___ experts with their outstanding memories, mathematical skills or musical talent. Now scientists have found that the genes thought to cause autism may also confer(给予) mathematical, musical and other skills on people without the condition.
The finding has _小题2:___ from a study of autism among 378 Cambridge University students, which found the condition was up to seven times more common among mathematicians than students in other fields.
If __小题3:__, it could explain why autism － a ___小题4:___that makes it hard to communicate with, and relate to, others ─ continues to exist in all types of society. It suggests the genes responsible are usually ___小题5:__, causing the disease only if present in the wrong combinations. “Our understanding of autism is undergoing a ___小题6:__,” said Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, director of the autism research centre at Cambridge, who led the study.
“It seems clear that genes play a significant role in the causes of autism and that those genes are also ___小题7:__ to certain intellectual skills.”
Scientists have long been interested by the apparent ___小题8:__ between autism and intellectual gifts in specific fields. This has made autism a hot topic in popular culture, from films such as Rain Man, which starred Dustin Hoffman and Tom Cruise, to books such as The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime.
Temple Grandin, 61, was diagnosed（诊断） with autism as a child and is now professor of animal sciences at Colorado State University. She said: “People with autism have played a vital role in human evolution and culture. Scientists such as Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein show every __小题9:___ of having been autistic. The world owes a great deal to those who design and programme computers, many of whom show autistic traits.”
小题1: H小题1: C 小题1:E 小题1:A 小题1:I 小题1:F 小题1:G 小题1:D 小题1:J
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Over the past 20 years, AIDS and war have claimed the parents of 2．4 million Ugandan children．When Alexis Hefley first visited the country,, in 1993, she saw the children’s sorrow, but the former Texas banker also spotted "a world of possibility"．She watched as they danced for tourists to earn money, and she had a thought: If people in America could see them perform, they’d support them too．                   
The children’s passion and talent inspired Hefley to work with the kids at an orphanage（孤儿院）in Kampala, the capital city of Uganda, to organize a traveling dance troupe（团）．The goals: to give the problems in Uganda a human face, to raise awareness and to raise money．
The first tour touched down at six American cities in 1994．Today, the 22-member troupe, known as the Spirit of Uganda, travels across America every two years．The young performers bring their energy and joy to audiences across the U．S．and help support hundreds of Ugandan orphans back home．Among the young dancers, some earn scholarships to attend the U．S．colleges, and then return to their country to help rebuild it．
Photojournalist Douglas Menuez first photographed the troupe in 2006 -?a project that led to his new book, Transcendent Spirit, from which these images are drawn．At each performance, the dancers’ faces show pure joy, quite an achievement given the hardships they’ve faced．"They look to the future, not the past," explains Menuez．"They embrace beauty and good in the world．" As one dancer puts it, "People think we have lost our parents．We’ve had so many problems．But then they see us perform．They see our smiles．And they learn that life goes on．"
小题1:What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?     
A．How miserable Ugandan orphans’ life is．
B．How the dance troupe was set up．
C．How the young dancers earned money．
D．How the orphans lost their parents．|
小题2:What do we learn about the Spirit of Uganda?            
A．It was started by a journalist．
B．It travels across the U．S．annually．
C．It consists of two dozen performers．
D．Its dancers have chances to study in the U．S．
小题3:In the eyes of Menuez, the young performers are_____． 
A．beautifulB．talented C．optimisticD．humorous
小题4:What might be the most suitable title for the passage?      
A．Ugandan orphans turn tragedy into dance
B．Transcendent Spirit: A close look at Uganda
C．AIDS and war are claiming people’s lives
D．Lots of people are helping Ugandan orphans
Coffee is one of the world's most widely-enjoyed drinks. Now, a new research suggests that if you drink enough coffee, it might help you avoid certain kinds of cancer.
Dr. Mia Hashibe of the University of Utah School of Medicine was interested in the connection between coffee drinking and certain cancers of the head and neck. Researchers have looked into this before, but without reaching any firm conclusions. She said, "So this finding from our new study was quite a surprise. We didn't really have any expectation of which direction it could go into."
To sort out the confusion, Hashibe and her assistants used statistical (统计学 ) techniques to, in effect, make one big study out of the earlier smaller studies. She explained,  "Thanks to the earlier studies, we have a lot more power than earlier studies that looked at this. And we included 4,000 cancer patients who have cancer of the mouth and throat. And then 9,000 controls, people who do not have cancer. '
Those studies--in Europe and the United States--found that people who drank a lot of coffee were less likely to develop cancers of the mouth and throat. "We saw a protective effect for drinking more than 4 cups of coffee per day," Hashibe said. "This was the 40 percent decrease in risk. We did not see the same effect for drinking three cups or less per day."
Mia Hashibe said there was a weak connection between cancer risk and drinking coffee without caffeine. And she and her assistants found no proof that drinking tea provided the same protection as drinking Coffee. Their research is published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
Hashibe says it is not clear how coffee might protect drinkers from certain cancers. "There are a few chemicals that are known to be antioxidants （抗氧化物）in coffee. So we are thinking perhaps they are playing some sort of protective role against several cancers."
小题1:This passage is probably taken from __
A．a literature bookB．a travel journal
C．an old directoryD．a medical magazine
小题2:Dr. Hashibe expected nothing of her research because __
A．it was impossible to get the desired resultB．the research was much surprising in fact
C．no conclusions had been reached beforeD．the research team lacked faith in success
小题3:Which of the following might have something to do with the protection against mouth cancer?
A．Coffee without chemicals.B．Coffee without caffeine.
C．Four cups of tea a day.D．Antioxidants in coffee.
小题4:What do we know about Dr. Mia Hashibe and her research?
A．She knew for sure how coffee may affect drinkers.
B．She included 4,000 people without cancer in study.
C．She found an effect for three cups of coffee a day.
D．She based her research on several earlier studies.
小题5:What would be the best title for the text?
A．Drinking Coffee May Protect Some CancersB．Drinking Coffee May Prevent Some Cancers
C．Drinking Coffee May Cure Some CaneersD．Drinking Coffee May Cause Some Cancers
A serious problem for today’s society is who should be responsible for our elderly(老年人) and how to improve their lives. It is not only a financial problem but also a question of the system we want for our society. I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem.
First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose. But when a company must take life-long responsibility for its employees, it may suffer from a commercial disadvantage due to higher employee costs.
Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility to the individual. This means each person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement. This does not seem a very fair model since some people have enough trouble paying for their daily life without trying to earn extra to cover their retirement years. This means the government might have to step in to care for the poor.
In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions（养老金）. Furthermore, some in-situation should be created for senior citizens, which can help provide a comfortable life for them. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this is not a truly viable answer. The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young.
One further solution is that the government or social organizations establish some working places especially for the elderly where they are independent.
To sum up, all these options（选择）have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
A．The problems faced by the old in society.
B．Why we should take responsibility for the old.
C．How we can improve the lives of the old.
D．Where the old can go to get their pensions.
小题2:According to the passage, how can the government help to improve the lives of retired people?
A．Set aside some profits to help people with problems after they retire.
B．Increase savings levels of people during their working years.
C．Increase the discounts for food and transport for the old.
D．Make available pensions for those who have retired.
小题3:The underlined word “viable” most probably means “__________”.
A．impossibleB．practicalC．usefulD．successful
小题4:What can be concluded from the passage?
A．Taking care of the old is mainly an issue of money.
B．Employers should allow their workers to retire at a later age.
C．Becoming independent should be the goal of most old people.
D．There is no single solution to the problems of the old.
小题5:What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this article?
A．To point out the need for government support for old people.
B．To make general readers aware of the problems of retired people.
C．To discuss some possible solutions to an important social problem.
D．To instruct retired people on how they can have a happier life.
Laughter Yoga (瑜伽) is a unique technique invented by Dr Kataria, a doctor from India, by which you can learn to “Laugh for No Reason”. You don’t even need a sense of humor, no funny jokes or comedy programs — just a willingness to laugh — and in the present climate everyone needs to laugh more.
Laughter Yoga is a combination of Laughter Exercises and Yogic Breathing, so that you increase the amount of oxygen in your body while being playful, resulting in you feeling healthier, energetic and alive. This actually changes the physical conditions of your body so that you start to feel happier.
Laughter Yoga is generally done in groups although it can be practiced alone. When you make eye contact with someone and you’re both willing to laugh, the laughter is increased. However, we do say that you can “Fake (假装) it, fake it till you make it” because the body doesn’t know the difference between fake and true laughter; as long as you’re willing to laugh you’ll experience the same health benefits.
Laughter Yoga started in a park in Mumbai in 1995 with just 5 participants, and now there’re over 6,000 laughter clubs in 60 different countries — showing the willingness of the world to laugh together.
In the UK, Julie was one of the first people to train as a Laughter Leader with Dr Kataria in June 2002. In 2006 she was awarded Laughter Ambassador for her selfless service to promote Laughter Yoga.
“Yoga has been part of my life for 30 years but 7 years ago my life changed when I discovered Laughter Yoga. I believe laughter and yoga are both good for your health,” says Julie.
小题1:Why do people practicing Laughter Yoga laugh a lot?
A．They have a sense of humor. B．They are amused by jokes.
C．They are willing to laugh.D．They can’t help laughing a lot.
小题2: What do we know about Julie from the passage?
A．She took up Laughter Yoga 30 years ago.
B．She helped make Laughter Yoga more popular.
C．She used to suffer from serious physical problems.
D．She was the first person to practise Laughter Yoga.
小题3:The purpose of the passage is to _____.
A．persuade people to take up Laughter Yoga
B．tell people how to practise Laughter Yoga
C．describe the good effects of Laughter Yoga
D．introduce Laughter Yoga as a new event
Even facts “forgotten” by people during a busy day may be retrieved if this is followed by a good night’s sleep.
Researchers from the University of Chicago asked volunteers to remember simple words．Many found their memories letting them down towards the end of the day, but the following morning, those who had slept well could recall much more.
Researchers, writing in the journal Nature, said the brain could “rescue” lost memories during the night.
When the brain is first asked to remember something that memory is laid down in an “unstable” state, meaning that it is possible that it could be lost．At some point, the brain consolidates those it deems important into a “stable”, more permanent state．However, the Chicago researchers suggested that it was possible for a “stable” memory to be made “unstable” again．This would mean that memories could be modified then filed away again in the face of new experiences.
The 12 volunteers tested in the experiment were played words created through a speech synthesizer which were purposely difficult to understand．Initially, the written version of the word  from the audio version only．Tests revealed that the ability to recall the right word tended to tail off as the day ended.
However, when the volunteers were retested after a good night’s sleep, they were able to recall some words that they had “ forgotten” the previous evening.
Dr Daniel, one of the study authors, said: “Sleep consolidates memories, protecting them against subsequent interference or decay．Sleep also appears to “recover” or restore memories.” He said: “If performance is reduced by decay, sleep might actively recover what has been lost.”
Dr Karim Nader, from the Department of Psychology in McGill University in Montreal, said: “Memory research is undergoing a transformation---no longer is memory thought to be a hard-writing of the brain, instead it seems to be a process of storage and restorage.”
Sleep helps some memories “mature” and also prunes out unimportant memories.
小题1:What does the first paragraph implies?
A．A busy day makes people forget things easily.
B．People need a good night’s sleep after a busy day.
C．A good night’s sleep helps memories.
D．A good night’s sleep helps people forget a busy day.
小题2:The words the 12 volunteers played in the experiment were not ____
A．created through a speech synthesizer
B．hard to understand
C．available at the beginning
D．designed to test people’s ability of understanding
小题3:According to the passage, memory_____
A．is a hard-writing of the brain
B．is not a process of storage
C．is not a process of restorage
D．will be mature with the help of sleep
小题4:Which of the following is NOT true?
A．When people first remember something, the memory is in an “unstable state”.
B．The brain will change those important unstable memories into stable.
C．Once the memory become stable, it will never become unstable again.
D．Sleep can protect memories from being harmed.
A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin cancer, actually increases the risk.
Researchers from the University of Iowa based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanoma (黑素瘤)．They said that they found faults in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.
Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.
But questions has been raised about sunscreen and whether it may has opposite effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.
The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer--- people with fair skin and freckles (雀斑), for example--- are more likely to use sunscreen．As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.
The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.
小题1:People with fair skin and freckles         .
A．seldom use sunscreen
B．are more in danger of skin cancer
C．can be free from the harm of the sun
D．often expose themselves to the sun
小题2:We can learn from the passage that         .
A．sunscreen users get skin cancer more often
B．the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreen
C．the new study was based on the experiences of volunteers
D．the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America
小题3:Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
A．Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer
B．Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer
C．Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen
D．Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles

All of my childhood and early, adult life, my mom weighed over 220 pounds (one pound =" 0.454" kilograms). I could feel the pain that my mom experienced with her fatness.
I was never uncomfortable about my mother, but I think she was uncomfortable about herself, and that feeling was painful for all of us. And she began to lose weight.
After more than twenty years of battling obesity（肥胖）, my mother completed a forceful eighteen-month diet that left her ninety pounds lighter than before. A new woman was born! At age twenty-eight, I got a new mom! For the first time, I met the woman my mother truly was, the beautiful little lady under the fatness. It wasn’t so much her new body that was the surprise, but rather her new spirit.
To celebrate her new size and to devote herself to dancing again, my mother joined a “Mrs. Forty-Plus” competition, where she would have to model, give a speech and provide a dance performance. She told our family that she did not care if she won — she simply had always wanted to perform on stage.
She told each one of us, “I’m not doing it to win; I’m doing it to dance!”
The competition was exciting! I prayed that my mom would win, but while watching her on stage I was simply overjoyed just by her effort. To me, she had already won. She posed to perfection, her speech brought tears to everyone’s eyes, and her performance was wonderful.
That night, at age fifty-three, my mother was crowned (为......加冕) “Mrs. Forty-Plus”. She was the first person in our family to ever win such a title.
64. The first two paragraphs mainly show that the author’s mom was __________.
A. experienced      B. painful          C. comfortable        D. fat
65. After the author’s mom completed a forceful eighteen-month diet, she was about __________.
A. 85 kilograms    B. 41 kilograms      C. 130 pounds         D. 90 pounds
66. In order to join in the “Mrs. Forty-Plus” Competition, the author’s mom has to do the following EXCEPT __________.
A. providing a dance performance            B. telling a funny story about herself
C. giving a speech to a large number of people  D. wearing special clothes to show to people
67. The underlined part in Paragraph 6 means that __________.
A. the author’s mom succeeded in modeling and speaking
B. the author’s mom’s performance was very wonderful
C. the author’s mom was not successful in modeling
D. the author’s mom succeeded in making a speech
Enough sleep is important to health. The amount o f sleep needed depends on the age of the person and the conditions in which sleep takes place. The young may need more sleep than the old, but usually eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups.   Some can do with less than this amount, but others may need more. Every person knows his own need. It is then a matter of good judgement to satisfy his need. Sleep should always be enough to make one bring back his strength and get ready for a day’s
work.
Fresh air is necessary to sound sleep. It is not without reason for some people to think that it is practicable to sleep in the open air. When one can keep himself warm, out-of-door sleeping probably gives the body its most complete relaxation(松弛). Ability to sleep is largely a habit . The conditions referred to only lead to sleep. Out-of-door exercises, a good habit of regular hours and the avoidance(避免) of late eating and worry, which are largely within the control of any person, are all helpful to sound sleep.
A bath at bedtime, neither hot nor cool but of body temperature, may be helpful to sleep. Sleep-producing drug(药）should never be taken except when suggested by a doctor.
小题1:How many hours are usually enough for the health of a pupil?
A．Less than eight hours. B．No more than eight hours.
C．Eight hours or so. D．No less than eight hours.
小题2: Which of the following is helpful to good sleep?
A．Keeping good habits.
B．Staying up late at night.
C．Eating something at bedtime.
D．Forming the habit of taking sleep-producing drug.
小题3: The amount of sleep a person needs has something to do with________.
A．his ageB．his height
C．his weightD．his character
小题4:Before going to bed, you’d better not_______.
A．take a bathB．do any housework
C．think a lotD．go out for relaxation

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