题目内容
If you dream in color, you’re not alone: the majority of people today claim to have colorful dreams. But it wasn’t always thus. Research conducted in the early part of the last century consistently found that people reported dreaming most often in black and white.
According to Eva Murzyn at the University of Dundee, there are at least two possible explanations for this strange situation.
The first is the methods used in the researches. The early studies tended to use questionnaires(问卷), while more modern studies use dream diaries (filled in upon rising in the morning) or so-called “REM-awakening”, which involves interrupting people’s dream-filled periods of sleep to find out what they were dreaming about. People’s memories of their dreams are likely to be less accurate by using the questionnaire approach and they are more likely to reflect their beliefs about the form dreams generally take in an unclear way.
The second explanation has to do with black and white television and film. It's possible that the sudden increase in black and white film and television during the first half of the last century either affected the form of people’s dreams at that time, or affected their beliefs about the form dreams generally take.
According to Murzyn’s findings, it’s the explanation based on media exposure that carries more weight. She used both questionnaire and diary methods to study the dreams of 30 older (average age 64) and 30 younger people (average age 21).
The methodological technique made no difference to the type of dreams people reported. However, the extremely important thing was that, across both questionnaires and diaries, the older participants (who had had significant early life exposure to black and white media) reported experiencing significantly more black and white dreams over the last ten days than the younger participants (22 per cent vs. 4 per cent).
Another finding was that older participants reported black and white dreams and colorful dreams to be of equal clearness. By contrast, the younger participants reported that the quality of black and white dreams was poorer. This raises the possibility that the younger participants didn’t really have any black and white dreams at all, but were simply regarding poorly remembered dreams as black and white.
We learn from the text that ______.
A. people in the first half of the last century never had colorful dreams
B. older people are more likely to have black and white dreams
C. the dreams of younger people are always colorful
D. people today don’t have white and black dreams any more
What did Murxyn do to find out the explanations for the colors in people’s dreams?
A. She applied both questionnaire and diary methods to study people’s dreams.
B. She used diary methods to record people’s dreams.
C. She chose 60 people to answer her questions about their dreams.
D. She woke people up to record the colors of their dreams.
What does the underlined expression “carry more weight” in paragraph 5 mean?
A. be heavier B. be more powerful C. be more important D. be more useful
From Murxyn’s findings we can infer that ______.
A. both older people and younger people could report colorful dreams clearly
B. young people don’t have any black and white dreams in fact
C. the color of a person’s dream is decided by one’s age
D. it is probably the color of media that affects the color of one’s dream
【小题1】B
【小题1】A
【小题1】C
【小题1】D
解析:
略
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What is a dream?
For centuries, people have wondered about the strange places that they seem to visit in their sleep. 【小题1】 However, they have been valued as necessary to a person's health and happiness.
Historically people thought dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams scientifically believing that they tell about a person's character. 【小题2】 He believed that dreams allow a person to express fantasies or fears, which would be socially unacceptable in real life.
The second theory to become popular was Carl Jung's compensation theory. Jung, a former student of Freud, said that the purpose of a dream is not to hide something, but rather to communicate it to the dreamer. 【小题3】 Thus, people who think too highly of themselves may dream about falling; those who think too little of themselves dream of being heroes.
Using more recent research, William Domhoff from the University of California found that dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop in humans. , 【小题4】 Until they reach age five, they can not express very well what their dreams are about. Once people become adults, there is little or no change in their dreams. The dreams of men and women differ. For instance,
The characters that appear in the dreams of men are often other men, and often involve physical aggression.
The meaning of dreams continues to be difficult to understand. 【小题5】 If you dream that a loved one is going to die, do not panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that your loved one is going to die.
A.Dreams make up for what is lacking in waking life. |
B.However, people should not take their dreams as reality. |
C.They have been considered as meaningless nighttime journeys. |
D.It gives scientists chances to better understand human mind. |
F.They think their mind is trying to tell them something.
G.First, there was Sigmund Freud’s theory.
Maricel Apatan,22,stands in the kitchen of the Edsa Shangri—La Hotel in Manila,preparing to decorate a cheesecake. It would seem to be a(n)__ __ task for a pastry(糕点) chef,but Maricel is no __ __ chef-she has no hands.
“When I first saw Maricel, I was worried she might __ __ herself when using a chef’s knife __ __ that has never been a problem, ” says Maricel’s manager. “She doesn’t get __ __ treatment and works just as hard as the rest of the chefs.”
Despite financial __ __ from Archbishop Ledesma, a distant relative, Maricel __ __ to deal with her disability. “I was __ __ dependent on my mother and couldn’t do anything,” she recalls.
In 2004, Archbishop Ledesma __ __ for Maricel to live in the House with No Steps, a training centre for people with disabilities. She __ __ how to write and do regular tasks and, more importantly, __ __ her disability. She became more determined to __ __ hard to live a normal life.
Maricel __ __ graduated from high school and enrolled(注册) in a two-year Hotel and Restaurant Management course in Cagayan de Oro City. I have really enjoyed __ __ since I was seven years old,” she says.
After Maricel moved back to Manila to continue her studies, the media started reporting __ __ this determined young woman. She didn't shy away from the __ __.“I wanted others living with disabilities to believe it's __ __ to live a normal life,” Maricel says.
Later, Maricel's three younger brothers and sisters moved to Manila.She __ __ the rent of their small apartment, __ __ their parents look after the family farm in Mindanao.“It is difficult to make ends meet but I don't lose __ __. I believe anything is possible if you dream, and work hard.”
1.A. impossible B. simple C. practical D. important
2.A. ordinary B. admirable C. talented D. gentle
3.A. absorb B. express C. hurt D. forgive
4.A. for B. or C. but D. and
5.A. special B. equal C. official D. effective
6.A. advice B. control C. information D. help
7.A. hesitated B. disagreed C. struggled D. pretended
8.A. gradually B. hardly C. increasingly D. totally
9.A. searched B. arranged C. applied D. begged
10.A.explained B. realized C. wondered D. learned
11.A.accepted B. blessed C. cured D. forgot
12.A.think B. try C. listen D. relax
13.A.partly B. firstly C. eventually D. immediately
14.A.reading B. cooking C. writing D. drawing
15.A.beyond B. by C. against D. on
16.A.attention B. description C. decoration D. connection
17.A.successful B. difficult C. possible D. certain
18.A.raises B. pays C. collects D. receives
19.A.unless B. once C. though D. while
20.A.memory B. weight C. hope D. patience