题目内容
6.Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall?What do you think caused this change in colour?It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from t}le nearby fields.Components of Soil Soil is made up of a number of layers(层),each having its own distinctive colour and texture.The upper layer is known as the litter.It acts like a blanket.limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss.The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质),which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour.This layer is usually rich in nutrients,oxygen,and water.Below the topsoil is the subsoil,a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter.This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus.Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.
Soil forms from the bottom up.Over time bedrock is attacked by rain,wind,frost,and snow.It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering.Plants begin to grow,and rotten materials enrich the topsoil.Most of the soil in Eastern Canada.for example.Was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared l2,000years ago.
Water Beneath the Soil Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes.ponds.and rivers.Once in the soil or rock,it is called groundwater.Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(渗透).Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table.Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.
As water percolates downward,it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers.This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.
Soil pH Soil can be acidic.neutral.or basic.The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed.and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it.
The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil.By burning fossil fuels such as coal,oil and gasoline,humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils.When fossil fuels are burned.gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain.Acid soil increases出e problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels.As nutrients are removed,soil is less fertile.Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil,and also become easily attacked by diseases.
67.The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called.B
A.1itter
B.topsoil
C.humus
D.subsoil
68.According to the text.which of the following is NOT true?B
A.Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.
B.The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.
C.Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.
D.Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.
69.We can infer from the passage that the water table liesC.
A.between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer
B.in the subsoil layer above bedrock
C.between the subsoil layer and bedrock
D.in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil
70.The underlined word"dissolve"is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil areD.
A.rushed away into the river
B.cleaned and purified by water
C.destroyed and carried away by water
D.mixed with water and become part of it.
分析 本文主要讲述了雨后河水颜色差异的原因.
解答 67:B细节题.由第二段第三、四句"The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质),which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour.This layer is usually rich in nutrients,oxygen,and water."表层土由腐烂的植物和动物的粪便组成,该土壤富含营养物氧气以及水.结合选项可知正确答案为B.
68:B由第二段倒数第二句"This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus."可知深层的土壤颜色浅于浅层土壤,所以B项正确.A项,由第三段前两句"Soil forms from the bottom up.Over time bedrock is attacked by rain,wind,frost,and snow.It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering."可知A项符合文意,所以A项错误.C项,由最后一段第三句"When fossil fuels are burned,gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain."可知C项符合文意,所以C项错误.D项,由第五段第一句"As water percolates downward,it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers."可知D项符合文意,所以D项错误.故正确答案为B.
69 C:由第四段第四、五句"Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table.Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate."可知 water table 就在 bedrock 上方,而前文讲到 bedrock 上面的土层是 subsoil,由此可知 water table 在 bedrock 和 subsoil layer 中间,故正确答案为C.
70:D由第五段第一句"it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers."可知有机物和矿物质被水 dissolve 后被带到更深层去,所以推断它们没有被水破坏而只是和水混合在了一起,故正确答案为D.
点评 本文是广告布告类阅读理解.做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据.
One was not to pull her out of the water(42)B she asked.The other was to give her a red sports (43)Dif she made it.
In gay spirits Trudy(44)C out,swimming strongly.All the swimmers started at 7:09in the morning.Her father and the trainer were going along in a boat beside her.
At ten o'clock,rain began falling.(45)A,Trud trod (踩) water while drinking and eating a chicken leg.Then she started swimming (46)C.The wind was(47)B and the sea became rougher(粗暴的).
Late(48)B the wind became even worse.The trainer decided it was (49)Ctrying to finish.He called to Trudy to (50)C.
"No human being could do it in this weather."He said"It's (51)Bto go on."
However,her father shouted,"Don't grab her.Let her (52)D."
At seven o'clock the tides(潮水) turned(53)Dher.It was more difficult to move ahead.But Trudy still swam on.She (54)Avictory was possible now,for the English coast was in (55)C.
It was getting dark.A sound could be(56)Aover the wind; hundreds of car horns(喇叭) were cheering her on.With (57)Dstrength,she finished the last 200yards.
At 9:35p.m.Trudy got out of water.She had swum some 35miles in (58)Cthe 21-mile-wide Channel (59)Aa strong storm.But she had made it in 14hours and 30minutes.
"Well,Pop."She said to her father,"I(60)DI get my car this time,don't I?"
41.A.given | B.refused | C.allowed | D.promised |
42.A.as | B.unless | C.even if | D.when |
43.A.suit | B.shoe | C.hat | D.car |
44.A.rushed | B.left | C.started | D.worked |
45.A.At midday | B.In the morning | C.In the evening | D.In the late afternoon |
46.A.faster | B.better | C.again | D.across |
47.A.stopping | B.rising | C.changing | D.increasing |
48.A.morning | B.afternoon | C.evening | D.night |
49.A.necessary | B.important | C.useless | D.good |
50.A.keep up | B.slow down | C.give up | D.take a rest |
51.A.difficult | B.stupid | C.impossible | D.unnecessary |
52.A.go | B.decide | C.come out | D.go on |
53.A.towards | B.with | C.at | D.against |
54.A.realized | B.noticed | C.found out | D.thought |
55.A.the distance | B.reach | C.sight | D.hand |
56.A.heard | B.saw | C.felt | D.noticed |
57.A.fresh | B.greater | C.weakening | D.remaining |
58.A.flying | B.swimming | C.crossing | D.passing |
59.A.in spite of | B.because of | C.against | D.during |
60.A.demand | B.am afraid | C.hope | D.guess. |
A.Varieties of college dictionaries B.Accessing dictionaries electronically C.Elements under a word item D.Complete editions of dictionaries E.Using dictionaries for particular fields F.Features of college dictionaries |
You're probably most familiar with college dictionaries,often called abridged dictionaries.Although abridged means"shortened",these dictionaries contain more than 150.000entries and provide detailed definitions that are sufficient for most college students and general users.College dictionaries also contain separate lists of abbreviations.Biographical and geographical names,foreign words and phrases.And tables of measures.Webster'sⅡNew Riverside University Dictionary and the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language are college dictionaries.
81.Dunabridged dictionaries contain as many as 500,000entries and provide detailed definitions and extensive word histories (etymologies).These dictionaries,possibly in several volumes and mostly found in libraries,are excellent sources for scholarly inquiries.Unabridged dictionaries include the Oxford English Dictionary and the Random House Dictionary of the English Language.
82.C
A dictionary entry has many elements:multiple definitions,syllabication,preferred spelling and pronunciation (some word have more than one acceptable spelling and pronunciation),and part-of-speech labels.Some entries also include plurals and capitalized forms.Synonyms,antonyms,and derivatives.Americanisms and etymologies may be provide along with usage notes,cross-references,and idioms.
83.B
If you prefer using the dictionary on a computer,you can obtain CD-ROM versions of many major dictionaries.In addition,you can access numerous dictionaries,such as WWWebster's Dictionary,on the Internet.Online dictionaries allow you to enter a search word (you even get help with spelling ) to see a definition,and sometimes even an illustration.Online dictionaries also offer additional features,such as word games.Language tips,and amusing facts about words.Some online dictionary services allow you to access numerous dictionaries,both general and specialized,in on search.
84.E
Specialized dictionaries provide in-depth information about a certain field.For example there are dictionaries for the specialized vocabularies of law,computer technology,and medicine.In addition,there are dictionaries of synonyms,clichés,slang,and even regional expressions.Such as the Dictionary of American Regional English(DARE).There are also dictionaries of foreign languages,famous people's names,literary characters'names and place names.
--Oh,really?I __ know.I __ go and visit her.( )
A. | didn't; am going to | B. | don't; would | ||
C. | don't; will | D. | didn't; will |