The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of 2 September 1666. In four days it destroyed more than three-quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden and close together. One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives.
The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the King's baker(面包师) in Pudding Lane. The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof. A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery (面包房) into a small hotel next door. Then it spread quickly into Thames Street. That was the beginning.
By eight o'clock three hundred houses were on fire. On Monday nearly a kilometer of the city was burning along the River Thames. Tuesday was the worst day. The fire destroyed many well-known buildings, old St Paul's and the Guildhall along them.
Samuel Peyps, the famous writer, wrote about the fire. People threw their things into the river. Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment. Birds fell out of the air because of the heat.
The fire stopped only when the King finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.
After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect (建筑师), wanted a city with wider streets and fine new houses of stone, In fact, the streets are still narrow, but he did build more than fifty churches, among them the new St Paul's.
The fire caused great pain and loss, but after it London was a better place: a city for the future and not just of the past.
【小题1】It seems that the writer of the text was most sorry for the fact that______.

A.some people lost their lives
B.the birds in the sky were killed by the fire
C.many famous buildings were destroyed
D.the King's bakery was burned down
【小题2】 Why did the writer cite (引用) Samuel Pepys?
A.Because Pepys was among those putting out the fire.
B.Because Pepys also wrote about the fire.
C.To show that poor people suffered most.
D.To give the reader a clearer picture of the fire.
【小题3】 How was the fire put out according to the text?
A.The King and his soldiers came to help.
B.All the wooden houses in the city were destroyed.
C.People managed to get enough water from the river.
D.Houses standing in the direction of the fire were pulled down.
【小题4】 Which of the following were reasons for the rapid spread of the big fire?______.
(a) There was a strong wind.                         (b) The streets were very narrow. 
(c) Many houses were made of wood.           (d) There was not enough water in the city.     
(e) people did not discover the fire earlier.
A. (a), (b)      B. (a), (b), (C)     C. (a), (b), (d)       D. (b), (c) (e)

In ancient times, the most important examination was spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted   1.       saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.

Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known 2._________    the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into   3.     (exist) with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry.

Two types of tests are 4.         (common) used in modern schools. The first type is sometimes called an “objective” test. It5.   ___________  (intend) to deal with facts, not personal opinions. On objective tests, the student has just one task: he must recognize the correct answer and then he must copy its letter or number onto his examination paper. Sometimes there is6.        answer sheet on which the four letters or numbers are printed. Then the student only has to circle the one     7.        go with the correct answer.

For testing some kinds of learning, however , such a test is not very satisfactory. A lively student   8.       guess the correct answer without really knowing the material.

For a clearer picture of   9.        the student knows, most teachers use another kind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use “essay” tests, and the tests require students to write long answers to broad, general questions. When some essay questions are used along with some objective questions,  10.       , a fairly clear picture of the students’ knowledge and ability can usually be obtained.

 

New genetic analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive human-made climate warming in the coming century, contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out. A study,   1  in the latest edition of Ecology and Evolution, reveals the   2  age of some Amazonian tree species -- more than 8 million years -- and   3  shows that they have survived previous periods as warm as many of the global warming imagined periods   4  for the year 2100.

The authors write that, having survived warm periods in the past, the trees will   5  survive future warming, provided there are no other major environmental changes.   6  extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures   7 , the trees will stand the direct impact of higher temperatures. The authors   8  that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the risk of drought and fire, conservation policy should remain   9  on preventing deforestation(采伐森林)for agriculture and mining.

The study disagrees with other recent researches which predicted tree species’ extinctions   10  relatively small increases in global average air temperatures.

Study co-author Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the   11  were good news for Amazon tree species, but warned that drought and over-exploitation of the forest remained major   12  to the Amazon’s future.

Dr Lewis said: “The past cannot be compared directly with the future. while tree species seem likely to   13  higher air temperatures than today, the Amazon forest is being transformed for agriculture and   14 , and what remains is being degraded by logging, and increasingly split up by fields and roads.

“Species will not move as freely in today’s Amazon as they did in previous warm periods, when there was no human   15 . Similarly, today’s climate change is extremely fast, making comparisons with slower changes in the past   16 .”

“With a clearer   17  of the relative risks to the Amazon forest, we   18  that direct human impacts -- such as forest clearances for agriculture or mining -- should remain a key point of conservation policy. We also need more aggressive   19  to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to make minimum the risk of drought and fire impacts and   20  the future of most Amazon tree species.”

1.                A.advertised      B.described       C.published D.presented

 

2.                A.frightening      B.surprising       C.exciting   D.interesting

 

3.                A.still            B.nevertheless     C.however  D.therefore

 

4.                A.assess          B.confirm         C.forecast  D.promise

 

5.                A.particularly      B.probably        C.merely   D.possibly

 

6.                A.Since          B.Although        C.When    D.If

 

7.                A.rise            B.change         C.drop D.end

 

8.                A.consider        B.decide         C.guarantee D.recommend

 

9.                A.based          B.built           C.focused  D.made

 

10.               A.in relation to    B.in response to   C.in reply to D.in reference to

 

11.               A.findings        B.thoughts        C.inventions D.writings

 

12.               A.threats         B.disadvantages    C.embarrassments D.instructions

 

13.               A.accept         B.tolerate        C.permit    D.Require

 

14.               A.farming        B.planting        C.catering   D.mining

 

15.               A.power         B.influence       C.desire D.violence

 

16.               A.difficult        B.clear           C.easy  D.important

 

17.               A.belief          B.direction       C.understanding  D.suggestion

 

18.               A.doubt          B.conclude       C.calculate  D.prefer

 

19.               A.thought        B.guidance       C.protection D.action

 

20.               A.secure         B.advance        C.sacrifice   D.evaluate

 

 

请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。

注意:1. 每空格1个单词。2.所有答案写在答题纸指定位置,否则不计分。

Searching for the truth

Collecting and writing news is like researching in history: the best information comes from those who were there at the time. So if' we want to study the history of China in the sixth century AD, we look at the writings of the people who lived then. They are called the primary sources because they tell us what it was like to live then. People at a much later date who write about the same events are called the secondary sources. For example, when we read the original writings of Jia Sixie on agriculture, we are reading a primary source; when we read about Jia Sixie in our textbook we are reading secondary source because the passage was written about him and his ideas many years after he died.

When we make news, we use primary and secondary sources. We can see this most clearly in TV programmes. As we watch the news on TV, the person presenting the programme in the studio is the secondary source( because he tells us about the news) and the reporter in Iraq or Washington is the primary source (because he is telling us about what is actually happening there). Without these reporters acting as primary sources, you would never find out what really happened in a war, earthquake, sports meeting, concert or festival. These reporters explain what is happening, so we have a clearer idea of what is going on there. They often take photographers with them who act as primary source by giving pictures of events.

In a newspaper, the position is different because these two roles are often combined. This means a reporter who investigates a story may be the same person who writes it. If this happens, the reporter is both the primary and the secondary source. But the photographer who works with him/her is still a primary source.

One of the reasons that it is important to separate primary and secondary sources is that they help us to decide what is a fact and what is an opinion. A fact is something that everybody agrees has happened. An opinion is somebody's idea of what happened. So facts and opinions are often mixed in any report, whether in a newspaper or on TV.

What have you learnt from the above passage?

Primary Source

Primary sources are the writing of' the people who lived at (1)________time and offer an inside view of a particular event.

Secondary source

Secondary sources are the writings of the people who write about the same events at a much later date with explanation and analysis (2)_________ on primary sources.

News on TV

The TV (3)__________ in the studio is the secondary source while the reporter on the (4) ____________ is the primary source.

News in a newspaper

A newspaper reporter can be both primary and secondary source if he collects the information and then (5) ___________ the news.  But the photographer(6) _________ with the reporter is always a primary source.

Fact

A fact is something that everybody agrees has happened. In other (7)____________, it is something that is (8) ___________.

Opinion

An opinion is somebody's idea of what (9)___________ on.

Conclusion

Primary and secondary sources are both important for (10)_______ the truth.

 

.

Scientists have not come close to understanding all the different kinds of life on the planet, but US researcher Craig Venter is already working on creating the first artificial(人造的)life.

Venter and his researchers made a breakthrough late last month, They successfully moved the DNA of one type of bacteria(细菌) to a yeast cell(酵母), changed it, then put it into another bacterial cell.

“Bacteria have systems that protect them from foreign DNA” Venter explained to the BBC, In the experiment, the team managed to block this system.

The experiment was performed on a simple type of bacteria celled mycoplasma mycoides. The team took the bacteria’s genes and put them into a yeast cell.

Putting a DNA in a yeast cell allowed the team to change the genes in this case, taking out a gene that was not necessary for the bacteria to live.   

They then put the gene into a host bacteria cell. The cell went on to divide normally, producing new healthy bacteria.

In January, the team created artificial genes of a new type of bacteria. Their next goal is to put the artificial DNA into a host cell to create a new species, according to a report in Science magazine.

“lf we don’t make any errors, I think it should work and we should have the first artificial species by the end of the year.” Venter said in the report.

The first artificial life form is likely to be a simple man-made bacteria, to prove that the technology can work.. But that form will be followed by more complex bacteria that turn coal into cleaner natural gas, or algae  that can take in carbon dioxide and change it into fuel.

Many scientists think it’s good news to have this artificial life, but others are worried that the technology to create new organisms might end up in the wrong hands, with dangerous result.

57.Which of the following is true according to the text ?

A  Bacteria have systems that protect them from yeast cell.

B  If we put a gene into a host bacteria cell,the cell will not go on to divide as usual.

C  Venter and his researchers completely achieved all their goals.

D  All the scientists didn’t agree to this artificial life.

58. What can we learn from the underlined sentences?

A. Venter and his researchers had succeeded in this project.

B. Venter predicted that they would make errors in the future,so he decided to give it up.

C. Venter would go on the study and he was full of confidence.

D. Venter was a clearer man but a little shy.

59. Which of the following shows the order of the passage ?

1.change the genes

2. put the gene into a host bacteria cell

3. moved the DNA of one type of bacteria to a yeast cell

4. The cell went on to divide normally

5. put it into another bacteria cell

A. 3-5-1-4-2     .               B. 3-5-1-2-4   C. 4-2-5-1-3                      D. 2-3-5-1-4

60.What will be mentioned in the next paragraph?

A. The wrong hands that created by the artificial life.

B. The advantages and disadvantages about the artificial life.

C. The future about this project.

D. The author’s attitude.

 

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