题目内容

The authors write that, having survived warm periods in the past, the trees will 5 survive future warming, provided there are no other major environmental changes. 6 extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures 7 , the trees will stand the direct impact of higher temperatures. The authors 8 that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the risk of drought and fire, conservation policy should remain 9 on preventing deforestation（采伐森林）for agriculture and mining.

The study disagrees with other recent researches which predicted tree species’ extinctions 10 relatively small increases in global average air temperatures.

Study co-author Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the 11 were good news for Amazon tree species, but warned that drought and over-exploitation of the forest remained major 12 to the Amazon’s future.

Dr Lewis said: “The past cannot be compared directly with the future. while tree species seem likely to 13 higher air temperatures than today, the Amazon forest is being transformed for agriculture and 14 , and what remains is being degraded by logging, and increasingly split up by fields and roads.

“Species will not move as freely in today’s Amazon as they did in previous warm periods, when there was no human 15 . Similarly, today’s climate change is extremely fast, making comparisons with slower changes in the past 16 .”

“With a clearer 17 of the relative risks to the Amazon forest, we 18 that direct human impacts -- such as forest clearances for agriculture or mining -- should remain a key point of conservation policy. We also need more aggressive 19 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to make minimum the risk of drought and fire impacts and 20 the future of most Amazon tree species.”

1. A．advertised B．described C．published D．presented

2. A．frightening B．surprising C．exciting D．interesting

3. A．still B．nevertheless C．however D．therefore

4. A．assess B．confirm C．forecast D．promise

5. A．particularly B．probably C．merely D．possibly

6. A．Since B．Although C．When D．If

7. A．rise B．change C．drop D．end

8. A．consider B．decide C．guarantee D．recommend

9. A．based B．built C．focused D．made

10. A．in relation to B．in response to C．in reply to D．in reference to

11. A．findings B．thoughts C．inventions D．writings

12. A．threats B．disadvantages C．embarrassments D．instructions

13. A．accept B．tolerate C．permit D．Require

14. A．farming B．planting C．catering D．mining

15. A．power B．influence C．desire D．violence

16. A．difficult B．clear C．easy D．important

17. A．belief B．direction C．understanding D．suggestion

18. A．doubt B．conclude C．calculate D．prefer

19. A．thought B．guidance C．protection D．action

20. A．secure B．advance C．sacrifice D．evaluate

【答案】

1.C

2.B

3.D

4.C

5.B

6.B

7.A

8.D

9.C

10.B

11.A

12.A

13.B

14.D

15.B

16.A

17.C

18.B

19.D

20.A

【解析】

试题分析：本文的主要内容是，气候变暖不会使亚马逊古代树种灭绝。

1.C。publish为发表之意，其他意思不符合。

2.B。一些树种并未随气温的升高而灭绝，因此超高的树龄令人惊讶。

3.D。该空所表明的事实是以前面的树龄为依据的，所以是“因此”的意思。

4.C。2100是将来的时间，预测符合意思。

5.B。亚马逊的树曾经在高温气候中生存下来，所以将来也很有可能升高的气候。

6.B。Although引导让步状语。

7.A。气温的升高。

8.D。recommend此处是建议的意思，后面的should表明这一层意思。

9.C。防止采伐森林是保护政策的中心。

10.B。先前的观点认为树种灭绝是对相对小幅气温升高的反应。

11.A。最新研究的发现。

12.A。过度采伐威胁亚马逊的未来。

13.B。耐高温之意。

14.D。农业和矿业，A、B与agriculture同一范畴，C毫不相干；最后一段有提示。

15.B。没有人类影响，物种移动更为自由。

16.A。今天的气温升高速度远远快于以前，因此难以与过去相对比。

17.C。更为清楚的了解亚马逊森林面临的风险。

18.B。得出的结论。

19.D。积极的行动和措施。

20.A. 保护，使…安全。

考点：教育类短文完形填空

点评：答题前一定要略读全文，把握文章要表达的主题，注意前后句与句，段落与段落之间的关系。答题中，一定要认真分析，注意选项与上下文的关系，与前后单词的关系。对于一时没有太大的把握的题可以放到最后再来完成，因为有时答案可以从下文内容体现出来。答完后再通读一遍文章，看看所选选项能不能是语句通顺，语意连贯。

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At age 61, identical twins Jeanne and Susan no longer look exactly alike. Susan smoked for many years and is an admitted sun worshipper, whose habits Jeanne does not share. A new study of twins suggests you can blame those coarse(粗糙的)wrinkles, brown or pink spots on too much time in the sun, smoking, and being overweight.

Because twins share genes, but may have different exposures to environmental factors， studying twins allows an “opportunity to control for genetic susceptibility(易受影响性),” Dr. Elma D. Baron, at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, and his colleagues explain in the latest issue of Archives of Dermatology.

Their analysis of environmental skin-damaging factors in 65 pairs of twins hints that skin aging is related more to environment and lifestyle than genetic factors.

But when it comes to skin cancer, the researchers say their findings support previous reports that both environment and genes affect skin cancer risk.

Baron’s team examined facial skin of 130 twins, 18 to 77 years old, who lived mostly in the northem Midwest and Eastern regions of the US, who were attending the Twins Days Festival in Ohio in August 2002. At this time, each of the twins also separately reported how their skin burned or tanned(晒黑)without sunscreen, their weight, and their history of skin cancer, smoking, and alcohol drinking. The study group consisted of 52 fraternal(异卵双生)and 10 identical twin pairs, plus 3 pairs who were unsure of their twin status.

From these data, the researchers noted strong ties, outside of twin status, between smoking, older age, and being overweight, and having facial skin with evidence of environmental damage. By contrast, sunscreen use and drinking alcohol appeared related to less skin damage.

Baron and his colleagues say the current findings, which highlight ties between facial aging and potentially avoidable environmental factors—such as smoking, being overweight, and unprotected overexposure to the sun’s damaging rays—may help motivate people to minimize these risky behaviors.

Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．Jeanne and Susan share all the habits including smoking.

B．Skin aging is related more to environment and lifestyle than genetic factors.

C．Only identical twins can take part in the research.

D．Sunscreen use cannot help people have less skin damage.

Why did Baron’s team do the research on twins?

A．Twins are more likely to suffer from skin cancer.

B．It may guarantee the research is not influenced by genetic factors.

C．It gives others an opportunity to control twins’ genes.

D．It helps find twins are exposed to different environments.

What can you infer from the last paragraph?

A．This research makes people aware of dangerous lifestyles.

B．The environmental factors are unavoidable.

C．Being exposed to the sun is absolutely damaging.

D．There is little relationship between skin aging and environment.

The passage is mainly concerned with .

A．skin cancer and environment

B．identical twins research

C．aging skin and environmental factors

D．genes and lifestyles

British scientists have done something that，many people thought，was impossible: they created the first clone of an adult mammal（哺乳动物）．The clone，named Dolly，is a seven-month-old sheep，grown from a cell of an adult female sheep.

What is a clone? A clone is a copy—a genetic copy. Genes are the instructions for life. They tell a cell what to do and how to do it. Genes make each individual plant or animal different and unique. But a clone has the same genes as the original organism(生物体）．

Cloning is not new. Plants have been cloned for centuries. New plants are often grown from cutting from another plant. Also，plants like pineapples，strawberries and carnations(康乃馨）are sometimes cloned. One benefit of cloning is that we can make many copies of the best and healthiest plants.

It has been much more difficult to clone animals. Frogs have been cloned，but they died as tadpoles，never living long enough to become adult frogs，which made the scientists despondent. Mice，sheep and cattle have been cloned from embryos. But Dolly is the first healthy clone of an adult mammal. How did they do it?

（1）An unfertilized egg was taken from a sheep.

（2）The egg nucleus(细胞核）was removed.

（3)A cell was taken from the udder(乳房）of a pregnant(怀孕的）sheep. It was“starved”，so that it stopped growing.

（4）The two cells were combined into one，and then implanted in a third sheep，where it grew normally.

（5）The clone was born. It was genetically identical to the pregnant sheep.

This sounds much easier than it actually was. To end up with one clone，the scientists started with 277 udder cells. And they needed in a way to make the egg cell accept a new nucleus. They did that by starving the cell.

It may soon be possible to clone many types of animals. Will we also be able to clone human organs，or even whole human beings? We have only begun to think about the morality of cloning technology. Maybe the question to ask is not whether we can clone humans，but instead，should we clone humans?

59. What can replace the underlined word“despondent” in the fourth paragraph?

A. calmed down B. set down

C. cut down D. cast down

60. Dolly is a sheep________because she is grown from a cell of an adult female sheep.

A. that has no father B. that has no mother

C. that has no parents D. that has no tail

61. According to the passage we can know that__________．

A. only plants can be cloned

B. only strawberries and carnations can sometimes be cloned

C. animals and plants have quite a long history of cloning

D. genes can tell a cell what to do and how to do it during cloning

62. From the fourth paragraph we can know that__________．

A. a tadpole is the early stage of a grown-up frog

B. a tadpole is a frog without a tail

C. a tadpole is a kind of animal

D. a tadpole is a clone of an adult mammal

New genetic analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive human-made climate warming in the coming century, contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out. A study,   1  in the latest edition of Ecology and Evolution, reveals the   2  age of some Amazonian tree species -- more than 8 million years -- and   3  shows that they have survived previous periods as warm as many of the global warming imagined periods   4  for the year 2100.
The authors write that, having survived warm periods in the past, the trees will   5  survive future warming, provided there are no other major environmental changes.   6  extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures   7 , the trees will stand the direct impact of higher temperatures. The authors   8  that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the risk of drought and fire, conservation policy should remain   9  on preventing deforestation（采伐森林）for agriculture and mining.
The study disagrees with other recent researches which predicted tree species’ extinctions   10  relatively small increases in global average air temperatures.
Study co-author Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the   11  were good news for Amazon tree species, but warned that drought and over-exploitation of the forest remained major   12  to the Amazon’s future.
Dr Lewis said: “The past cannot be compared directly with the future. while tree species seem likely to   13  higher air temperatures than today, the Amazon forest is being transformed for agriculture and   14 , and what remains is being degraded by logging, and increasingly split up by fields and roads.
“Species will not move as freely in today’s Amazon as they did in previous warm periods, when there was no human   15 . Similarly, today’s climate change is extremely fast, making comparisons with slower changes in the past   16 .”
“With a clearer   17  of the relative risks to the Amazon forest, we   18  that direct human impacts -- such as forest clearances for agriculture or mining -- should remain a key point of conservation policy. We also need more aggressive   19  to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to make minimum the risk of drought and fire impacts and   20  the future of most Amazon tree species.”

New genetic analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive human-made climate warming in the coming century, contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out. A study, 1 in the latest edition of Ecology and Evolution, reveals the 2 age of some Amazonian tree species -- more than 8 million years -- and 3 shows that they have survived previous periods as warm as many of the global warming imagined periods 4 for the year 2100.
The authors write that, having survived warm periods in the past, the trees will 5 survive future warming, provided there are no other major environmental changes. 6 extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures 7, the trees will stand the direct impact of higher temperatures. The authors 8 that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the risk of drought and fire, conservation policy should remain 9 on preventing deforestation（采伐森林）for agriculture and mining.
The study disagrees with other recent researches which predicted tree species’ extinctions 10 relatively small increases in global average air temperatures.
Study co-author Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the 11 were good news for Amazon tree species, but warned that drought and over-exploitation of the forest remained major 12 to the Amazon’s future.
Dr Lewis said: “The past cannot be compared directly with the future. while tree species seem likely to 13 higher air temperatures than today, the Amazon forest is being transformed for agriculture and 14, and what remains is being degraded by logging, and increasingly split up by fields and roads.
“Species will not move as freely in today’s Amazon as they did in previous warm periods, when there was no human 15. Similarly, today’s climate change is extremely fast, making comparisons with slower changes in the past 16.”
“With a clearer 17 of the relative risks to the Amazon forest, we 18 that direct human impacts -- such as forest clearances for agriculture or mining -- should remain a key point of conservation policy. We also need more aggressive 19 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to make minimum the risk of drought and fire impacts and 20 the future of most Amazon tree species.”

1.
1. A.
  advertised
2. B.
  described
3. C.
  published
4. D.
  presented
2.
1. A.
  frightening
2. B.
  surprising
3. C.
  exciting
4. D.
  interesting
3.
1. A.
  still
2. B.
  nevertheless
3. C.
  however
4. D.
  therefore
4.
1. A.
  assess
2. B.
  confirm
3. C.
  forecast
4. D.
  promise
5.
1. A.
  particularly
2. B.
  probably
3. C.
  merely
4. D.
  possibly
6.
1. A.
  Since
2. B.
  Although
3. C.
  When
4. D.
  If
7.
1. A.
  rise
2. B.
  change
3. C.
  drop
4. D.
  end
8.
1. A.
  consider
2. B.
  decide
3. C.
  guarantee
4. D.
  recommend
9.
1. A.
  based
2. B.
  built
3. C.
  focused
4. D.
  made
10.
1. A.
  in relation to
2. B.
  in response to
3. C.
  in reply to
4. D.
  in reference to
11.
1. A.
  findings
2. B.
  thoughts
3. C.
  inventions
4. D.
  writings
12.
1. A.
  threats
2. B.
  disadvantages
3. C.
  embarrassments
4. D.
  instructions
13.
1. A.
  accept
2. B.
  tolerate
3. C.
  permit
4. D.
  Require
14.
1. A.
  farming
2. B.
  planting
3. C.
  catering
4. D.
  mining
15.
1. A.
  power
2. B.
  influence
3. C.
  desire
4. D.
  violence
16.
1. A.
  difficult
2. B.
  clear
3. C.
  easy
4. D.
  important
17.
1. A.
  belief
2. B.
  direction
3. C.
  understanding
4. D.
  suggestion
18.
1. A.
  doubt
2. B.
  conclude
3. C.
  calculate
4. D.
  prefer
19.
1. A.
  thought
2. B.
  guidance
3. C.
  protection
4. D.
  action
20.
1. A.
  secure
2. B.
  advance
3. C.
  sacrifice
4. D.
  evaluate

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