“In real life, the daily struggles between parents and children are around these narrow problems of an extra hour, extra TV show, and so on” said Avi Sadeh, psychology professor at Tel Aviv University. “Too little sleep and more accidents,” he said.

Sadeh and his colleagues found an extra hour of sleep can make a big difference. The children who slept longer, although they woke up more frequently during the night, scored higher on tests, Sadeh reported in the March/April issue of journal Child Development.

“When the children slept longer, their sleep quality was somewhat weak, but in spite of this their performance for study improved because the extra sleep was more significant than the reduction in sleep quality. ” Sadeh said. “Some studies suggested that lack of sleep as a child affects development into adulthood and it’s more likely to develop their attention disorder when they grow older. ”

In earlier studies, Sadeh’s team found that fourth graders slept an average of 8. 2 hours and sixth graders slept an average of 7. 7 hours.

“Previous research has shown children in elementary school need at least nine hours of sleep a night on a regular basis, said Carl Hunt, director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research in Bethesda, and high-school-age children need somewhat less, he said, adding the results of insufficient sleep could be serious.

“A tired child is an accident waiting to happen,” Hunt said. “And as kids get older, toys get bigger and the risks higher. ”Hunt also said too little sleep could result in learning and memory problems and long-term effects on school performance.

“This is an important extension of what we already know, ” Hunt said of Sadeh’s research, adding sleep is as important as nutrition(营养) and exercise to good health.

“To put it into reality,” Hunt said, “parents should make sure they know when their children actually are going to sleep and their rooms are conducive to sleeping instead of playing. ”

What is Child Development?

A A new story                       B A popular book

C. A periodical magazine               D A TV programme

How many persons are exactly mentioned in the text?

A One          B Two          C Three           D Four

The underlined phrase “conducive to” (in the last sentence) means ________.

A helping to happen                  B influenced by

C full of                               D acceptable of

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. There are some daily struggles between parents and children because of having nothing in common with extra rest time.

B. The children who sleep longer are weak in their study.

C. Lack of sleep as a child has great effect on their development into adulthood.

D. In general, children in elementary school need at least nine hours of sleep a night.

This morning as I was getting the children ready or school, I helped them prepare breakfast and pack their lunches. I reviewed spelling words with them and made sure that their homework was collected in their bags. I had seen the weather forecast for the day and knew it was going to remain cool all day. I suggested they wear sweaters for the walk to the us stop. My kids chose to repulse my advice. My son decided that all he needed was a T-shirt, not a sweater.
I didn’t force(强迫) them to wear sweaters and we went to the bus stop. It is a full kilometer walk to the top of a treeless hill and the wind felt like a knife cutting through the skin. My children endured(忍受) the cold until halfway, when I gave them with the sweaters I had quietly carried under my arm. Then took them without complaint, and I bit my tongue from saying, “I told you so.”
What I was asking my children to do was to trust me. Trust Mom to have their best interests in mind. Trust Mom to know what she is talking about. Even though they didn’t know that I had read the outdoor thermometer (温度计) before they woke up and I had seen the day’s weather forecast, I wanted them to trust me. By ignoring me, they were saying that they didn’t believe I knew what was best for them. What they knew was that yesterday was a warm enough day for shorts. What they knew was that it was warm enough in the house to wear shorts. Therefore, they felt sure enough to make their own decision on what to wear outside.
Too many times we depend on what we know of yesterday, and how we feel today, and so we make decisions based on them. Too many times we think that we know better, so we can deal with things better. But we are wrong.
【小题1】It can be inferred from the first paragraph that      .

A.the author didn’t believe in her children
B.the author took her children to school every morning
C.the author’s children always followed her advice
D.the author had a very busy morning that day
【小题2】The underlined word  “repulse” in the first paragraph means      .
A.refuseB.followC.seekD.doubt
【小题3】What can be learned from the passage?
A.The author’s children always ignore her.
B.The author takes great care of the children in life.
C.The author’s children always make wrong decisions.
D.The author always force her children to wear sweaters.
【小题4】The author writes this passage to      .
A.tell the readers how to ask for advice
B.offer advice on how to teach children
C.explain the importance of trusting others
D.give advice on how to make decisions

Scientists have proved that sleeping and learning go hand in hand. Even a short nap can boost our memory and sharpen our thinking. But the relationship goes deeper than that.
“The brain is not passive while you sleep,” scientist Anat Arzi said. “It’s quite active. You can do many things while you are asleep.”
Arzi and her coworkers didn’t try to teach the sleeping volunteers any complex information, like new words or facts. Instead, the scientists taught volunteers to make new connections between smells and sounds.
When we smell something good, like a flower, we take deep breaths. When we smell something bad, we take short breaths. Arzi and her co-workers based their experiment on these reactions.
Once the volunteers fell asleep in the lab, the scientists went to work. They gave them a whiff of something pleasant and meanwhile played a particular musical note. They didn’t wake up, but they heard—and sniffed(吸气) deeply. Then the scientists gave the volunteers a whiff of something terrible and played a different musical note. Again, the volunteers heard and smelled—a short snort this
time—but didn’t wake up. The researchers repeated the experiment.
After just four repetitions, volunteers made a connection between the musical notes and their paired smells. When the scientists played the musical tone that went with good smells, the sleepers breathed deeply. And when the scientists played the musical tone that went with bad smells, the sleepers breathed briefly—despite there being no bad smell.
The next day, the volunteers woke up with the sound-smell connection. They breathed deeply when hearing one tone and cut their breaths short when hearing the other, which must have been unusual for them. Imagine walking down the street and taking a deep breath upon hearing a particular sound!
【小题1】In the study, the volunteers were taught _______. 

A.to become active during sleep
B.to tell the difference between smell
C.to learn new words and scientific facts
D.to make sound-smell connections
【小题2】 How did the volunteers react when smelling something nice and hearing musical notes?
A.They took a deep breath.B.They had a wonderful dream.
C.They woke up at once.D.They took a short breath.
【小题3】 When the volunteers woke up the next day, they_______.
A.learned how to play to musical tones
B.forgot what happened during their sleep
C.continued with the sound-smell connection
D.changed their reaction when hearing.
【小题4】The passage mainly tell us______
A.special smells and sounds can improve our memory.
B.our brain can actually learn something new during the sleep.
C.the volunteers will always hear similar sounds in the street.
D.our brain can tell the difference between smells during the sleep.
【小题5】Which of the following is NOT true?
A.A short sleep can improve our memory and sharpen our thinking.
B.Arzi and her coworkers didn’t try to teach the sleeping volunteer some simple information.
C.When the volunteer smelt something terrible, they didn’t wake up.
D.After four repetitions, volunteers made a connection between the musical notes and their pared smells.

Scientists have proved that sleeping and learning go hand in hand. Even a short nap can boost our memory and sharpen our thinking. But the relationship goes deeper than that.

“The brain is not passive while you sleep,” scientist Anat Arzi said. “It’s quite active. You can do many things while you are asleep.”

Arzi and her coworkers didn’t try to teach the sleeping volunteers any complex information, like new words or facts. Instead, the scientists taught volunteers to make new connections between smells and sounds.

When we smell something good, like a flower, we take deep breaths. When we smell something bad, we take short breaths. Arzi and her co-workers based their experiment on these reactions.

Once the volunteers fell asleep in the lab, the scientists went to work. They gave them a whiff of something pleasant and meanwhile played a particular musical note. They didn’t wake up, but they heard—and sniffed(吸气) deeply. Then the scientists gave the volunteers a whiff of something terrible and played a different musical note. Again, the volunteers heard and smelled—a short snort this

time—but didn’t wake up. The researchers repeated the experiment.

After just four repetitions, volunteers made a connection between the musical notes and their paired smells. When the scientists played the musical tone that went with good smells, the sleepers breathed deeply. And when the scientists played the musical tone that went with bad smells, the sleepers breathed briefly—despite there being no bad smell.

The next day, the volunteers woke up with the sound-smell connection. They breathed deeply when hearing one tone and cut their breaths short when hearing the other, which must have been unusual for them. Imagine walking down the street and taking a deep breath upon hearing a particular sound!

1.In the study, the volunteers were taught _______. 

A.to become active during sleep

B.to tell the difference between smell

C.to learn new words and scientific facts

D.to make sound-smell connections

2. How did the volunteers react when smelling something nice and hearing musical notes?

A.They took a deep breath.                 B.They had a wonderful dream.

C.They woke up at once.                   D.They took a short breath.

3. When the volunteers woke up the next day, they_______.

A.learned how to play to musical tones

B.forgot what happened during their sleep

C.continued with the sound-smell connection

D.changed their reaction when hearing.

4.The passage mainly tell us______

A.special smells and sounds can improve our memory.

B.our brain can actually learn something new during the sleep.

C.the volunteers will always hear similar sounds in the street.

D.our brain can tell the difference between smells during the sleep.

5.Which of the following is NOT true?

A.A short sleep can improve our memory and sharpen our thinking.

B.Arzi and her coworkers didn’t try to teach the sleeping volunteer some simple information.

C.When the volunteer smelt something terrible, they didn’t wake up.

D.After four repetitions, volunteers made a connection between the musical notes and their pared smells.

 

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