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American black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name. In the eastern part of their range, most of these bears have shiny black fur, but in the west they grow brown, red, or even yellow coats. 1. Even in the same litter (一窝幼崽), both brown and black furred bears may be born.

Black bears are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from five to six feet, weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds. 2.

3. However, if attacked, most can climb trees and cover ground at great speeds. When angry or frightened, they are formidable enemies.

Black bears feed on leaves, herbs, fruit, berries, insects, fish, and even larger animals. 4. Unlike squirrels, woodchucks, and many other woodland animals, bears do not actually hibernate. Although the bear does not eat during the winter months, sustaining itself from body fat, its temperature remains almost normal, and it breathes regularly four or five times per minute.

5. They prefer to live in caves. Baby black bears are born in January or February after a gestation(怀孕) period of six to nine months, and they stay with their mother until they are fully grown or about one and a half years old. Black bears can live as long as thirty years in the wild, and even longer in some nature reserves.

A. To the north, the black bear is actually gray or white in color.

B. Black bears mate all year round

C. One of the most interesting characteristics of bears, including the black bear, is their winter sleep.

D. Like all bears, the black bear is timid, clumsy, and rarely dangerous.

E. Bears often eat a lot of food before they hibernate in their caves.

F. Most black bears live alone, except during mating season.

G. Their eyes and ears are small and their eyesight and hearing are not as good as their sense of smell.

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B. job-tkupe-1329358152@craigslist.org

C. rebecharv@aol.com

D. jim@californiaaquatics.com

3.What can we learn from the passage?

A. The office cleaner has to work three hours each day.

B. Experience is necessary for all these four jobs.

C. A babysitter earns $5 more than an office cleaner per hour.

D. One can apply for a waiter or waitress by telephone.

4. Which of the following is necessary for a waiter / waitress?

A. Having knowledge of wines.

B. Being familiar with computers.

C. Knowing more about menus.

D. Working well with others.

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Scientists have been seeking a way to lengthen the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic(麻醉的) sleep. By slowing down the body’s metabolism(新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.

To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining(流光466) blood from an artery(动脉). The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes Keta’s heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous(自发的)breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe(注射器)and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.

1.For a person who suffers from the clinical death ___________.

A. he still has the possibility of getting back to life

B. his most important organs are damaged.

C. he can not avoid final death.

D. he is still very much alive

2.Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to___________.

A. slow down the body’s metabolism.

B. bring vital cells and tissues back to active life.

C. delay the coming of biological death.

D. cool the organism.

3. How did the scientists put Keta into clinical death?

A. By surrounding her body with ice-bags and draining her blood.

B. By lowing her blood pressure and stopping her heart from beating.

C. By draining her blood, lowering her blood pressure and stopping her breathing.

D. By putting her to sleep, lowering her temperature and draining her blood.

4.All of the following indicate that the monkey has almost restored to her original physical state except the fact that___________.

A. her heart beat again.

B. she regained her normal breath.

C. she rejected a penicillin injection.

D. she acted as lively as a healthy monkey.

Like many new graduates, I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do. My degree, with honors, in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical. I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that. That’s when I learned about the Lighthouse Project.

I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers. I knew it would be a lot of hard work, and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time. In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither did my family.

Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork needed for the application. After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. Several months later, I finally received a call asking me to report for the duty. I would be going to a small village near Abuja, Nigeria. Where? What? Nigeria? I had no idea. But I was about to find out.

After completing my training, I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation. Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family. I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse. For the next year or so, I taught in that same schoolhouse. But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me.

Sometime during that period, I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did, though I did not get anywhere with the local language, and I returned to the United States a different man. The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.

1.According to the Paragraph 2, it is most likely that the author

A. discussed his decision with his family.

B. asked previous volunteers about voluntary work

C. attended special training to perform difficult tasks

D. felt sad about having to leave his family and friends

2.In his application for the volunteer job, the author

A. participated in many discussions

B. went through some interviews and presentations

C. wrote quite a few papers on voluntary work

D. faced strong competition from other candidates

3.On arrival at the village, the author was

A. asked to lead a farming team

B. sent to teach in a schoolhouse

C. received warmly by local villagers

D. arranged to live in a separate house.

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