题目内容
【题目】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Peru is a country with three main geographical areas: a narrow dry flat land 【1】 (run) along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest. It’s a country 【2】 both Indian and Spanish culture and art can be seen. Spain 【3】 (take) control of Peru in the 16th century and ruled until 1821. It is for this reason 【4】 Spanish is the official language of Peru.
【答案】
【1】running
【2】where
【3】took
【4】that
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了南美国家—秘鲁。
【1】考查现在分词作定语。句意：秘鲁是一个有三个主要地理区域组成的国家：沿海岸展开的一片狭窄、干燥、平坦的陆地。结合句意，分析结构可知此处为现在分词作定语，land与run构成主动关系，因此用现在分词作定语，表“主动”。故填。
【2】考查定语从句。句意：秘鲁是一个国家，在这个国家可以看到印第安和西班牙的文化和艺术。根据句意可知此处为定语从句，修饰先行词地点名词country，且从句是一个完整的主谓结构（被动语态），因此用where因定语从句，在从句中做地点状语。故填where。
【3】考查一般过去时。句意：西班牙在16世纪控制了秘鲁。根据句子中的时间状语in the 16th century可知此处应用一般过去时。故填took。
【4】考查强调句。句意：是因为这个原因，西班牙语成为秘鲁的官方语言。分析结构可知此处为强调句it is+强调部分+that，强调句中的时间状语。故填that。
【题目】请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横在线。每个空格只填1个单词。
Today and every day we are the targets of salespeople, marketers, advertisers, fundraisers and politicians trying to persuade us to buy something, do something or think a certain way. Over the years, they’ve learned a lot about which features to build into a communication to increase its success. But, by concentrating on the message itself, they’ve missed a crucial component of the process. Research done in the last 15 years shows that the best persuasion is achieved through good presuasion: the practice of arranging for people to agree with a message before they know what’s in it.
Presuasion works by focusing people’s preliminary(开始的) attention on a selected concept—let’s say softness—which encourages them to overvalue related opportunities that immediately follow. In one study, visitors to an online sofa store were sent to a site that illustrated either soft clouds or small coins in the background of its landing page. Those who saw the soft clouds were more likely to prefer soft, comfortable sofas for purchase, whereas those who saw the small amounts of money preferred inexpensive models.
A following study showed the primitiveness of the presuasive mechanism. Subjects became three times more likely to help a researcher who “accidentally” dropped some items if, immediately before, they’d been exposed to images of figures standing together in a friendly pose. If this tripling of helpfulness doesn’t seem remarkable enough, consider that the subjects were 18 months old — hardly able to reason or review or reflect.
Long before scientists started studying the process, a few notable communicators had an intuitive understanding of it.
In February 2015, the financial investor Warren Buffett had a problem. It was 50 years since he had taken control of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., guiding it to amazing levels of value, along with his brilliant partner Charlie Munger. Many investors were worried that, because Buffett and Munger were getting older, these levels couldn’t be maintained in the future, perhaps making it time to sell Berkshire stock.
To respond to these concerns, Buffett wrote a letter to shareholders in which he described various reasons for confidence in Berkshire’s continuing profitability. But, before the description of strengths, he declared with characteristic sincerity that what he was about to state was ‘what I would say to my family today if they asked me about Berkshire’s future.” The result was a flood of favorable reaction to the letter as well as a per-share increase for the year of nearly five times that of the S&P.
With considerable success, practitioners of social influence have always placed persuasive prods(刺激)—small gifts, emotional draw, last-chance opportunities—inside their appeals. Perhaps because of that success, they’ve mostly missed an accompanying truth. For maximum impact, it’s not only what you do; it’s also what you do just before you do what you do.
Passage outline | Supporting details |
A 【1】 in communication | People often fail to realize that the secret to 【2】 people over doesn’t lie in the message itself, but in the key moment before it is delivered. |
Meaning of pre-suasion | It’s a practice where people are made to 【3】 to a message before it is conveyed. |
Studies about pre-suasion | ●When it comes to buying sofas, customers’ 【4】 is related to the background he saw before. ●Having received some 【5】 to friendly pictures, subjects are ore likely to do others a 【6】. |
A typical 【7】 | ●Despite Berkshire’s success, investors intended to sell the stock, 【8】 continuing profitability. ●In the letter 【9】 to the concerns, Buffett got what he would say to his family across to investors, for which he got all credit. |
Conclusion | Practitioners should keep in mind that pre-suasion can enhance the power of 【10】. |