题目内容
【题目】Have you ever wished you could see in the dark as well as an animal? In action movies, we often see characters wearing special glasses that reveal（显示）things that can't be seen in darkness. Everything looks green, but we can see the shapes and outlines clearly. As a matter of fact, this is somewhat similar to the way animals' night vision (视力) works.
You may have noticed eyeshine in pictures of animals, or seen it for yourself when light hits an animal's eyes. Dogs, cats, and many other animals have tissue (组织) called the tapetum lucidum（光神经纤维层） in each eye. The purpose of this tissue is reflect (反射) light deeper into the eye. For many animals, it leads to their excellent night vision, and it helps them hunt.
Different types of animals have different colors of eyeshine. The light reflecting back from the eyes of dogs and cat is likely to be yellow. Rats and birds usually have eyes that shine red. Other animals’ eyes may reflect white, yellow, green, or pink light. In each case, the color is related to the type of cells that make up the tapetum lucidum, as well as the chemicals inside the cells.
Eyeshine has the function of improving animals' night vision, but humans have found other uses for it. For example, when people are searching for certain types of animals, their eyeshine may be helpful in recognizing or discovering them. Also, eyeshine has inspired humans to invent substance (物质) that reflect light at night. Strips containing this substance are used to warn us of safety risks such as raised parts of roads. Even though humans cannot see so well at night, we have still found ways to benefit from this amazing animal feature.
【1】How does the tapetum lucidum help animals' night vision?
A. It sends out light in the dark. B. It makes everything appear green.
C. It reflects light back into the eyes. D. It enables them to see colors at night.
【2】How does the author mainly develop Paragraph 3?
A. By providing reasons. B. By giving examples.
C. By following space order. D. By doing experiments.
【3】What can we learn about scientists' research on eyeshine?
A. They've put it to practical uses.
B. They're using it to protect some animals.
C. They're trying to include more animal types.
D. They've invented special glasses based on it.
【4】What is the text mainly about?
A. How humans' night vision works. B. Different colors of animals' eyes.
C. How animals see in the dark. D. Eyeshine and its benefits.
【答案】
【1】C
【2】B
【3】A
【4】D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是Eyeshine和它的好处。
【1】细节理解题。根据第二段中Dogs, cats, and many other animals have tissue (组织) called the tapetum lucidum（光神经纤维层） in each eye. The purpose of this tissue is reflect (反射) light deeper into the eye. For many animals, it leads to their excellent night vision, and it helps them hunt.可知，它反射光线回到眼睛来帮助动物的夜间视力。故选C。
【2】推理判断题。根据第三段中Different types of animals have different colors of eyeshine. The light reflecting back from the eyes of dogs and cat is likely to be yellow. Rats and birds usually have eyes that shine red. Other animals’ eyes may reflect white, yellow, green, or pink light. 可知，作者主要是通过举例子来发展第3段的。故选B。
【3】推理判断题。根据最后一段中eyeshine has inspired humans to invent substance (物质) that reflect light at night. Strips containing this substance are used to warn us of safety risks such as raised parts of roads.可知，我们能从科学家对眼睛的研究中了解到他们已经把它放在实际用途上。故选A。
【4】主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句You may have noticed eyeshine in pictures of animals, or seen it for yourself when light hits an animal's eyes.第三段第一句Different types of animals have different colors of eyeshine.和第四段第一句Eyeshine has the function of improving animals' night vision, but humans have found other uses for it.可知，本文讲述的是Eyeshine和它的好处。故选D。
抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心
要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。本题第4小题，根据第二段第一句You may have noticed eyeshine in pictures of animals, or seen it for yourself when light hits an animal's eyes.第三段第一句Different types of animals have different colors of eyeshine.和第四段第一句Eyeshine has the function of improving animals' night vision, but humans have found other uses for it.可知，本文讲述的是Eyeshine和它的好处。故选D。
【题目】请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
A psychotherapist once taught me a little trick that helped me feel less angry at my partner and less sad about the failings of our relationship.
She said, "Look at him and imagine him as a very little boy; that way, you separate yourself somewhat from the adult, and you are likely to understand and forgive him."
It actually helped. I couldn't be as mad at or disappointed by a child as I could be with a grown man. So, at least on some occasions, we were both spared the heartache of an uncomfortable silence or a not-so-silent argument. And I sometimes still use versions of that trick whenever I feel frustrated or angry in other relationships or personal exchanges.
But what if you could mentally change the form of the emotion itself? According to scientists at the University of Texas, maybe you can.
Focusing specifically on sadness, the researchers asked two groups of study participants to write about a time in their lives when they felt very sad. They then asked one group to imagine sadness as a person, and write down a description of the person they imagined would be sadness. Not surprisingly, the participants described sadness in such ways as an older person with gray hair and sunken eyes or a young girl holding her head down as she slowly walked along.
The researchers asked the other group of participants to write down a description of sadness with respect to its impact on their moods. When asked to rate their levels of sadness after completing their descriptions, the participants who wrote about the emotion itself and how it affects them reported higher levels of sadness than the group that anthropomorphized (人格化)sadness into a specific type of person with familiar human characteristics. The researchers suggest that by giving life to the emotion, participants can view sadness as something (or someone) separate and somewhat distant from themselves, helping them relieve their negative feelings.
While it's okay to feel sad, many people behave in unconscious and sometimes self-destructive ways to distract or "save" themselves when they are consumed by negative emotions. So in the study authors wanted to know whether or not the group that reported feeling less sad would make smarter shopping decisions.
They tested this by asking participants in both groups to first choose between a salad or a cheesecake dessert to go with the main dish they were having for lunch. The researchers also asked participants to choose between a computer loaded with features for productivity or a computer loaded with features for entertainment. Those study participants who had anthropomorphized their emotions were more likely to choose the salad and the productive computer than those who had simply written about their feelings.
For obvious reasons, then, they say this technique is best for reduce negative emotions.
A Little Trick to Help You Feel 【1】Sad | |
Passage outlines | Supporting details |
The writer's experience | When he was angry with his partner, the writer was able to improve his mood by 【2】 his partner as a little boy, which is sometimes 【3】to both sides. |
This trick can mentally change the form of people's emotion | It is no【4】that the study participants tend to picture sadness as an older person or an unhappy girl. The participants who describe their emotion as a person have a 【5】level of sadness than those who merely describe their emotion itself. |
This trick can 【6】people's consumption decisions | When lost in negative emotions, people may lose 【7】of themselves and behave in self-destructive ways. Participants who give 【8】to the emotion prefer salad while those who don't choose food 【9】in sugar and caloric. |
【10】 | This little trick can help people reduce negative feelings. |