题目内容

BEIJING - A research team led by Chinese scientists have discovered dietary modulation of gut microbiota（膳食干预肠道菌群）can alleviate both genetic and simple obesity in children.

The findings of the team, led by Zhao Liping with Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yin Aihua with the Guangdong province children's hospital, and Tang Huiru with Chinese Academy of Sciences, have been published on EBioMedicine, a renowned medical journal co-sponsored by Cell and The Lancet in July.

The team identified bacterial genomes specifically for producing obesity-related metabolites（代谢物）, and said an improved gut microbiota can significantly help to treat genetic obesity such as Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS).

Beginning in childhood, PWS affected kids develop an insatiable appetite, leading to chronic overeating and obesity.

The scientists used a diet therapy with beneficial gut bacteria on trial patients and found considerable diminished appetite, weight loss and improved health conditions on the patients.

The paper concluded dysbiosis （失调）of gut microbiota is highly related with both genetic and simple obesity in children, implicating dietary modulation of gut microbiota a potentially effective treatment method.

1. Which of the following factors contributes to child obesity?

A. dietary modulation of gut microbiota

B. beneficial gut bacteria

C. an improved gut microbiota

D. dysbiosis of gut microbiota

2. Which can replace the underlined word “diminished”？

A. unsatisfied B. increased

C. decreased D. good

3. Where is the passage extracted?

A. Medicine book B. Science book

C. Doctor’s instructions D. News report

4. Which might be the best title for the passage?

A. Chinese scientists discover treatment to child obesity.

B .The reasons for genetic obesity in children has been found.

C. Obesity-related research has been done by Chinese scientists.

D. An effective treatment to obesity has been found.

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The pop singer is talented and elegant. ____ is no surprise that she has so many fans around the world.

A. It B. There C. That D. What

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

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We are humans，and we all make mistakes. The mistakes that we make are not usually on purpose，whether it is breaking a vase，or not completing a task. 1. This article will provide you with ideas as to what to do once a mistake has been made.

Admit that you make a mistake as soon as you discover it. Delaying it longer will only make you feel worse，or may drive you toward making the wrong decision to try and cover it up.

2. Do not play the“blame game"．Most people are smart enough to realize that this is just a poor attempt to protect yourself. Perhaps you gave a task to another person and it was never completed. But is it really the entire fault of the person you gave the task to or is it partially your fault for not following up? Keep this in mind before placing the blame on someone else.

3. Maybe you broke your mother's favorite vase，or even forgot a friend's birthday. Just an apology can sometimes be viewed as a“quick fix"，and apologizing and asking to be forgiven gives the person opportunity to forgive you.

Offer some compensation（补偿）for loss，damage，or injury caused. 4. By doing this，it may soften the blow to the person we've disappointed.

Learn from your mistakes. In the case of a job or a task，write a“to-do" list with the deadline before leaving the meeting. As for forgetting a birthday，put the birthday on an electronic calendar for next year.

Do better next time. 5.We should try to understand what happened and try to make sure that it won't happen again.

A. Take responsibility.

B. Never repeat your mistakes.

C. Apologize and ask for forgiveness.

D. People’s faith in us can reduce quickly.

E. So sometimes it is necessary to write a letter to say sorry.

F. But not everyone knows how to admit making a mistake.

G. Offer to immediately complete the late task or pay for the vase.

What if handheld (掌控型的) tools know what needs to be done and were even able to guide and help inexperienced users to complete jobs that require skill? Researchers at the University of Bristol have developed and started studying a novel concept in robotics—intelligent handheld robots. Historically, handheld tools have been straight, unintelligent instruments that are unaware of the context they operate in, are fully directed by the user, and therefore, lack any understanding about the task they are performing.

Dr. Walterio Mayol-Cuevas and PhD student, Austin Gregg-Smith, from the University's Department of Computer Science, have been working in the design of the robot as well as in understanding how best to be with a tool that “knows and acts”.

Compared to other tools such as power tools that have a motor and perhaps some basic sensors (感应器), the handheld robots developed at Bristol are designed to have more degrees of freedom to allow greater independence from the instructions of the user, and importantly, understand the steps being carried out. This allows for a new level of co-operation between user and tool, such as the user providing directions and the tool performing the detailed task.

Handheld robots, aim to share physical similarity with users but are neither fully independent as is a humanoid robot nor are part of the user’s body. The aim with handheld robots is to develop the intuitiveness (灵性) of using traditional handheld tools while adding planted intelligence and action to allow for new abilities.

Dr. Mayol-Cuevas, Reader in Robotics Computer Vision and Mobile Systems, said, “There are three basic levels of autonomy (自主权) we are considering: no autonomy, semi-autonomous when the robot advises the user but does not act, and fully autonomous when the robot advises and acts even by correcting or refusing to perform incorrect user actions.”

1.What is the new concept in robotics?

A. Full control by the user.

B. Improvement in intelligence.

C. Larger size of the robots.

D. Help for the experienced users.

2.What is the meaning of the underlined word “unaware”?

A. updated B. educated

C. organized D. uninformed

3.What is the advantage of handheld robots compared to other tools?

A. They are more dependent on the users.

B. They all have a motor and basic sensors.

C. They don’t need to follow the instructions at all.

D. They have a new level of freedom to perform the task.

4.What can we learn from the passage?

A. The handheld robots can never disobey the user’s order.

B. The autonomy is the only thing that the scientists are considering.

C. There will be more intelligence and independence in the handheld robots.

D. The aim of the handheld robots is to correct and refuse the user’s directions.

The drug store was closing for the night. Young Alfred Higgins, the shop-assistant, was ready to go home. Mr. Carr, the boss, stared at him and said: “Hold on, Alfred. Maybe you'd be good enough to take the things out of your pockets and leave them here before you go.” Alfred's face got red. After a little hesitation, he took out what he had stolen. Mr. Carr said, “Maybe I should call your mother and let her know I'm going to have to put you in prison.”

Alfred thought his mother would come rushing in, eyes burning with anger. But, to his surprise, she arrived wearing a smile. “Hello, I'm Alfred's mother. Is he in trouble?” she said. Mr. Carr was surprised, too. He had expected Alfred's mother to come in nervously, shaking with fear, asking with wet eyes for a mercy for her son. But no, she was most calm, quiet and pleasant and was making Mr. Carr feel guilty…. Soon Mr. Carr was shaking his head in agreement with what she was saying. “Of course”, he said, “I don't want to be cruel. You are right. Sometimes, a little good advice is the best thing for a boy at certain times in his life and it often takes the youths long time to get sense into their heads.” And he warmly shook Mrs. Higgins's hand.

Back home, without even looking at Alfred, she said, “You are a bad luck. It is one thing after another, always has been. Why do you stand there so stupidly? Go to bed.” In his bedroom, Alfred heard his mother in the kitchen. There was no shame in him, just pride in his mother's strength. He felt he must tell her how great she was. As he got to the kitchen, he saw his mother drinking a cup of tea. He was shocked by what he saw. His mother's face was a frightened, broken one. It was not the same cool, bright face he saw earlier in the drug store. As she lifted the tea cup, her hand shook. And some of the tea splashed on the table. Her lips moved nervously. She looked very old. He watched his mother without making a sound. The picture of his mother made him want to cry. He felt his youth coming to an end. He saw all the troubles he brought his mother in her shaking hand and the deep lines of worry in her grey face. It seemed to him for the first time he had ever really seen his mother.

1.Which of the following is probably said by Mrs. Higgins while talking to Mr. Carr?

A. “Please, for God's sake, you know, he is just a kid.”

B. “I can't believe it! You are treating my son like that!”

C. “Punishment makes sense because it teaches about the law.”

D. “You know, it takes time for a youth to truly grow up.”

2.What does the underlined phrase "his mother's strength"(Para. 3) refer to?

A. Mrs. Higgins's attitude towards parental sufferings.

B. Mrs. Higgins's calmness and communicating skills.

C. Mrs. Higgins's love and care for her son Alfred.

D. Mrs. Higgins's greatness as a woman.

3.After the incident, young Alfred would probably ________.

A. change his attitudes towards life

B. feel ashamed of her mother

C. learn to live an independent life

D. hate Mr. Carr for hurting her mother

The first day our professor challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t know. I looked around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady smiling at me.

She said, “Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I’m 87. Can I give you a hug?” I laughed, “Of course you may!” and she gave me a giant squeeze. “Why are you in college at such a young, innocent age?” I asked. She jokingly replied, “I’m here to meet a rich husband, get married, and have a couple of children.” “No seriously,” I said. “I want to realize my dream!” she told me. Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon and everyone liked to listen to this “time machine”.

At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet and I’ll never forget what she taught us. “There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you are 19 and lie in bed for one full year and don’t do one productive thing, you will turn 20. If I am 87 and stay in bed for a year and never do anything I will turn 88. We have less time to live on. Anybody can grow older. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opportunity in change. The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do.”

At the year’s end, Rose finished the college degree she had dreamed about all those years. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep. Over 2,000 students attended her funeral honoring the wonderful woman who taught us such an important message.

1.Rose was considered a “time machine” because she _____.

A. always followed a strict time schedule

B. was never late for any of her classes

C. always appeared in time whenever she was needed

D. had lived a long and rich life

2.According to Rose, growing up is different from growing older because _______.

A. growing up means young people have enough time to waste

B. growing up means one has more chances or time to choose what one likes

C. there is no need for one to worry about death

D. growing up doesn’t need as much effort or talent as growing older

3.From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2, we can learn that ______.

A. it is not polite to talk about a person’s real age in public

B. going to college at a very old age is looked down upon

C. Rose looked younger than her real age in the writer’s eyes

D. the writer didn’t believe Rose was as old as she said

4.Rose came to study in college at such an old age for the purpose of __________.

A. challenging her old age

B. meeting someone rich and attractive

C. realizing her long dream about college education

D. not having any regrets in her life

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Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good, most would admit that their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to a Chinese student, they always say, “My spoken English is poor.” 1. I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English.

First, they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due to a limited vocabulary. 2. However, you can speak with a limited vocabulary, if you choose a positive attitude. Others will follow you as long as you use the words that you know.

_3. Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous. Yet students should remember that their goal should be FLUENCY NOT ACCURACY. Your aim in writing is to be accurate following the rules for grammar and using them to get your message across. But to talk to someone in English, as quickly and well as you can, even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense, but it doesn’t matter. 4.

The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening. You have one mouth but two ears! All the hearing is necessary for you to start speaking.

Fourth, most Chinese students are reactive rather than proactive(主动的) language learners. Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them and wonder why their English always remains poor. 5.

A. Second, they are afraid of making mistakes.

B. They may try to avoid making similar mistakes next time.

C. Obviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary.

D. However, their spoken English does not have to remain “poor”!

E. The second reason lies in the reluctance (不愿) of using what has just been learned.

F. The person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowances for any mistakes he hears.

G. If you have this proactive outlook, then you will see English opportunities wherever you go.

That cold January night, I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco. There I was, walking home at one in the morning after a tiring practice at the theatre. With opening night only a week away, I was still learning my lines(台词). I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco. City life had become too much for me.

As I walked down empty streets under tall buildings, I felt very small and cold. I began running, both to keep warm and to keep away from any possible robbers (抢劫犯). Very few people were still out except a few sad-looking homeless people under blankets.

About a block from my apartment, I heard a sound behind me. I turned quickly, half expecting to see someone with a knife or a gun. The street was empty. All I saw was a shining streetlight. Still, the noise had made me nervous, so I started to run faster. Not until I reached my apartment building and unlocked the door did I realize what the noise had been. It had been my wallet falling to the sidewalk.

Suddenly I wasn’t cold or tired anymore. I ran out of the door and back to where I’d heard the noise. Although I searched the sidewalk anxiously for fifteen minutes, my wallet was nowhere to be found.

Just as I was about to give up the search, I heard the garbage truck (垃圾车) pull up to the sidewalk next to me. When a voice called from the inside, “ Alisa Camacho ?” I thought I was dreaming. How could this man know my name? The door opened, and out jumped a small red-haired man with an amused look in his eye. “Is this what you’re looking for?” he asked, holding up a small square shape.

It was nearly 3 A.M. by the time I got into bed. I wouldn’t get much sleep that night, but I had gotten my wallet back. I also had gotten back some enjoyment of city life. I realized that the city couldn’t be a bad place as long as people were willing to help each other.

1.How did the writer feel when she was walking home after work?

A. Cold and sick.

B. Fortunate and helpful.

C. Satisfied and cheerful.

D. Disappointed and helpless.

2.On her way home the writer _______.

A. lost her wallet unknowingly

B. was stopped by a garbage truck driver

C. was robbed of her wallet by an armed man

D. found some homeless people following her

3.In the fifth paragraph, why did the writer say she was dreaming?

A. Someone offered to take her back home.

B. A red-haired man came to see her.

C. She heard someone call her name.

D. Her wallet was found in a garbage truck.

4.From the text, we can infer that the writer _________.

A. would stop working at night

B. would stay on in San Francisco

C. would make friends with cleaners

D. would give up her job at the bank.

How to Get Happy

1. Figure out how to change the way you view your lire and you can achieve happiness.

Gretchen Rubin, the creator of the Happiness Project website spent a year testing “every principle, tip, and theory” she could find to help people cheer up, especially given the trying times. “When people feel like they’re worse off than they were last year, it’s a happiness challenge,” Rubin note. Her advice? 2.

Here she happily shared other pointers.

What are the things that give a happiness boost?

Sleep, Sounds boring, but a 2014 study showed tiredness is one of the top two reasons people are in a bad mood at work. Another way to boost happiness is to join or start a group. Philosophers agree that social bonds are the key to happiness. But it’s hard to connect deeply with people at a party; a purpose and an agenda really help. 3. One principle of happiness is that you should always act the way you wish you felt. If you act generously, you’ll feel more secure.

You don’t have to do an extraordinary thing like climbing Mount Kilimanjaro?

No. If you love scrapbooking, maybe you should learn Photoshop; if you like cycling, maybe bike repair. 4. And it should reflect your nature. You can be happier without completely changing your life.

5. A lot of the things I talk about are things that don’t actually take much time, but you have to stick with them-like writing a journal or taking a 20-minute walk every day. People always ask, “Is it hard or is it easy to do fl happiness project?” And I say, “It’s hard in that you have to do it.”

A．Attitude is everything.

B．Happiness is a state of mind.

C．A third idea is to give something away.

D．Always have music and books in your life.

E．Is it fair to say that many of your tips require finding a lot of extra time?

F．It should be novel(新颖的) and challenging within the framework of what you like to do.

G．Try to think ahead five years when, chances are, you’ll have regained your footing and your house will be worth more too.

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