A 

          Prashant Mandal shares a small house with his wife and four kids,and survives on less than $2 a day. Yet,despite Mandal' s  modest income,he spends 20 percent of his income on solar energy,an expenditure (支出) which he says is key to helping his children to study.

          Across the globe,about 1. 2  billion people live without electricity. Such limitations are not only inconvenient,but also put people in low-income countries at greater risk of having serious health conditions. People living without electricity typically rely on kerosene lamps,and other harmful light sources,which can lead to bums,injuries,poisoning and other risks.

          Realizing the need for a more efficient energy source,a lot of companies have developed business models that enable poor people to purchase solar energy.

          SimpaNetworks,which focuses its efforts on rural India,is one such company that's found a way to make solar energy affordable and accessible to people in need. Customers are charged a small down payment for a high-quality solar system. Then,through its “progressive purchase^ model,they pay in advance for a designated (指定的) amount of energy consumption. Each payment counts toward the final purchase price.

          A number of other companies have found ways to get solar energy into the hands,anci homes of people who typically can’t  afford electricity. MPOWER D. a New ork-based company,invented an (充气式的) solar light in 2012 that is powered by the sun,and is also able to store solar energy.

          “Energy poverty is solvable if we all work together,” says John Salzinger,MPOWERD’s  co-founder. “Every single consumer purchase helps us reduce costs,and then we pass those savings on to those who need affordable light most. We automatically enable our customers to help others,while helping the environment,by simply making a purchase."

  1. Why does the author mention Prashant Mandal in Paragraph 1 ?

   A. To show that electricity is precioub.

   B. To bring up the topic of the text.

   C. To introduce his poor family.

   D. To tell an interesting story.

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2 ?

   A. Kerosene lamps are healthy light sources.

   B. There are few people living without electricity.

   C. Poor countries are at greater risk of spreading .

diseases. 

   D. People living without electricity may face serious risks.

3. Paragraph 4  mainly tells us .

   A. how customers pay for SimpaNetworks solar

   B. how impaNetworks invented the inflatable solar

   C. how customers use electricity in rural India 

   D. how solar system works in rural India 

4. How does John Salzinger feel about energy poverty?

   A. Uncaring.     B. Surprising.

   C. Disappointed. D. Optimistic.

                  C

                 ★★☆☆☆

     Some unwelcome visitors from North America have been turning up in the waters off the coast of Great Britain.

    North American (龙坏) have been found in the North Sea (between Great Britain and Northwest Europe) , far from their own habitat. The lobsters usually live along the eastern coast of Canada and the United States.

    It is impossible that the lobsters could have made the 5 ,600-kilometre journey on their own. They were probably brought to Brita?i and then got away from containers. Some of the lobsters that were caught had (松紧带) holding their legs shut,like lobsters ?iat are kept in containers in stores or restaurants.

    Many may have been “set free” from some ships passing through the area. Sometimes passengers order a live lobster from a tank in the dining room and then ask the waiter to throe it overboard instead of cooking it.

     According to official records, 26 North American lobsters have been caught in waters off Great Britain since 1988. However,it is believed many more have been found but not reported.

     It is against the law to let North American lobsters come into British waters. If they settle down in European waters,it would be bad for the local lobsters. The two live in the same place and eat the same food. But North American lobsters are larger,stronger and rnore aggressive an  European lobsters,and they produce young more quickly.

     As a result,they could take food and space away from the local lobsters,and from other types of itellflsh that live in the same area. These lobsters may also cany diseases that could harm the local lobsters. ”

29. Those unwelcome lobsters

   A. could travel 5,600 km a day on their own

   B. used to live in waters off Great Britain 

    C. would soon disappear in British waters  

    D. might have escaped on the way to Britain

30. What can we learn about European lobsters?

   A. They are growing too fast to be kept under control. .

   B. Shellfish often take away their food and space.

    C. They are easily harmed by North American lobsters.

   D. People become ill easily if they eat these lobsters.

31. The author,s purpose of writing the text is

most likely to .

   A. discuss         B. report

    C. advertise         D. introduce

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