题目内容

10．In its early history，Chicago had floods frequently，especially in the spring，making the streets so muddy that people，horses，and carts got stuck．An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this：A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street．Asked if he needs help，he replies，"No，thanks．I've got a good horse under me．"
The city planner decided to build an underground drainage （排水） system，but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level．The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city．
An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt．This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12feet．
This of course created a new problem：dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago．Building owners were faced with a choice：either change the first floors of their buildings into basements，and the second stories into main floors，or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level．Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily．But what about large，heavy structures like Tremont Hotel，which was a six-story brick building？
That's where George Pullman came in．He had developed some house-moving skills successfully．To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel，Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews （螺旋千斤顶） beneath the building's foundation．One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10jackscrews．At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time，thereby raising the building slowly and evenly．Astonishingly，the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation，and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening．Some people like to say that every problem has a solution．But in Chicago's early history，every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem．Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River，the city's next step was to clean the polluted river．
51．The author mentions the joke to showB．
A．horses were fairly useful in Chicago
B．Chicago's streets were extremely muddy
C．Chicago was very dangerous in the spring
D．the Chicago people were particularly humorous
52．The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough toD．
A．get rid of the street dirt
B．lower the Chicago River
C．fight against heavy floods
D．build the pipes above ground
53．The underlined word"hoist"in Paragraph 4means"B"．
A．change
B．lift
C．repair
D．decorate
54．What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel？A
A．It went on smoothly as intended．
B．It interrupted the business of the hotel．
C．It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews．
D．It separated the building from its foundation．
55．The passage is mainly about the early Chicago'sC．
A．popular life styles and their influences
B．environmental disasters and their causes
C．engineering problems and their solutions
D．successful businessmen and their achievements．

分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了芝加哥城的问题和改造方案，他们因为洪水的经常泛滥导致大街上总是泥泞不堪，但也已经出台了各种应对政策．

解答 51．B 细节理解题 作者提到的这个笑话表明：A 在芝加哥，马非常有用．B 芝加哥的街道相当的泥泞．C 在春天，芝加哥很危险．D 芝加哥的人们尤其的幽默．根据第一段的第一句话  In its early history，Chicago…and carts got stuck．（尤其是在春天，芝加哥经常发生洪水，街道变得如此的泥泞不堪以致于人们，马和车经常被困住．所以作者提到的笑话是为了突出这一点即道路的泥泞．） 故选B．
52．D 细节理解题 城市规划者被埃利斯切斯布罗说服去做：A 去掉街上的沙土．B 降低芝加哥河的水位．C．与洪水作斗争．D在地面上建管道．根据第三段的第一句话An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced…then cover them with dirt．（一个叫埃利斯切斯布罗的工程师说服我该城市除了将管道建在地面上，然后用泥土覆盖上之外别无选择）可知，埃利斯切斯布罗的工程师认为应该在地上埋下排水管道．故选D．
53．B 词意猜测题  第四段划线单词的意思：A 改变 B 举起，抬起，提升C 修理 D 点缀 根据后文Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily．（小的木结构的建筑会相当容易地举起来．）可知另一种方法就是将建筑升高．故选B．
54．A 推理判断题  关于特里蒙特饭店的搬迁，我们可以推断出 A进展的如料想的那样顺利．B它中断了酒店的生意．C它涉及到普尔曼要用到10个 螺旋千斤顶． D它使地基与建筑物相分离．根据最后一段的第三句At Pullman's signal…slowly and evenly．（在铂尔曼的指导下，每个人同时抬起同样数量的螺旋千斤顶，从而缓慢、慢慢地抬起建筑物．）可知A正确，故选A．
55．C 主旨大意题   该段落主要是关于：A流行的生活方式和影响 B 环境灾害与原因 C工程问题及其解决方法 D成功的商人他们的成就 本题为总结概括全文的主旨大意题，第一段提到芝加哥城所存在的问题，接下来讨论了解决这个问题的一些方法，最后一段讲到虽然解决了当前的问题，但随之而来又会产生一些新的有待解决的问题．故文章大致上讲述的是建造的问题与解决的办法．故选C．

点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．

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3．For most people，plastic bags are a necessity of any shopping trip．They might seem like an innocent way to carry groceries，but dealing with these bags can be harmful for the environment．
It's reported that the world uses about 500 billion plastic bags each year and fewer than 3% are recycled．Plastic bags that end up in oceans and beaches are harmful to fish，birds，and other animals．As a result，cities and states have been trying for years to find a way to get people to cut back on using plastic bags．
This year，New York City was prepared to add a 5-cent tax on the use of paper or plastic bags in stores，but Governor Andrea Cuomo signed a law that blocked（反对） the tax．Cuomo said the tax idea was"deeply faulty"because it would have allowed store owners to keep the money from the tax instead of putting it toward environmental efforts．Cuomo announced plans to create a task force to look into the plastic-bag problem．By the end of the year，the task force may suggest a statewide ban of plastic bags，a tax on them，or something entirely new．
Several cities around the country have either banned plastic bags or charged a fee for their use．In Washington，D．C．，the charge is 5 cents per bag．Since the fee started there，the number of plastic bags on the streets and waterways dropped by 60%．Seattle，Washington，has banned plastic carryout bags and charges a minimum of 5cents for paper．Chicago，Illinois，will soon add a 7-cent tax on paper and plastic bags．
In New York，some politicians who thwarted，a tax say it puts，too much to tress on low-income citizens and working families．They argue that those people need the money to spend on food，not on bags．

28．What do the majority of people think of plastic bags？C
A．They are easy to be recycled．
B．They do little harm to wild animals．
C．Shopping can't be done without them．
D．Handling them benefits the environment．
29．Why did Andrea Cuomo sign a law against the bag tax？A
A．Because he thought it was quite imperfect．
B．Because he thought it was something new．
C．Because he thought it would affect the sales of bags．
D．Because he thought it would increase consumers'burden．
30．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4？D
A．The higher bag fees are，the better．
B．Paper bags will eventually replace plastic bags．
C．More states in the USA will ban the use of plastic ones．
D．Charging bag fees helped decrease the use of plastic bags．
31．Which of the following can replace the underlined word"thwarted"in the last paragraph？B
A．desired     
B．opposed    
C．abolished     
D．suggested．

World Book Day falls on April 23 every year．It was set up by the United Nations Educational,Scientific, and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) in 1995 to encourage people, especially teenagers, to discover the pleasure of reading．It is also the day to honor great writers，for example，William Shakespeare，born or dead on that day．

Many countries celebrate World Book Day．Take UK as an example．On that day，millions of school children can buy books of special price，a much lower price than usual，in any bookstore．It has been done every year since 1998．World Book Day is also celebrated in China. Our Former Premier Wen Jiabao, a bookworm, who does lots of reading every day, has called on people to do more reading. He suggested that young people should spend more time reading．"Books cannot change the world, but people can change the world by changing themselves through reading,” he said．

Why do people like reading? One big advantage is that reading helps us become more knowledgeable and more intelligent. Also, reading helps us to follow the latest developments of science and technology. Besides, reading gives us information about other cultures and places of the world. When we read, we may find many things that are unfamiliar to us. We would have to use our brain to think about them or do more reading to find out the answers. The more we read, the more we know. What’s more, reading is also one of the most important ways to learn a foreign language like English．

"Reading makes a full man" (Bacon，1597). Books，magazines，newspapers and other kinds of materials can help us to know more about the outside world and perfect us. So it is necessary for us to spend time on reading every day．

1.World Book Day was set up in order to encourage people to .

A. buy more books B. do more reading

C. learn foreign languages D. know more about science

2.In the UK，what will school children do on World Book Day?

A. They will give away some books to those poor families’ children.

B. They will go to the library in order to read as many books as possible.

C. They will buy books of much lower price than usual in any bookstore.

D. They will organize some activities in memory of William Shakespeare.

3.How many advantages of reading are mentioned in the passage?

A. Two. B. Three.

C. Four. D. Five.

4.The underlined words “ a bookworm” in Paragraph 2 probably mean .

A. a person who loves reading B. a person who likes reading

C. a person who loves collecting D. a person who likes buying books

Captain Henry, a 98-year-old American retired fisherman, has become a first-time author, having written and published his autobiography In a Fisherman’s Language after learning to read at the age of 91.

Mr. Henry spent most of his life without even his closest family members knowing he was illiterate (不识字的). Forced to quit school in the third grade to take odd jobs, he kept the secret close to his chest, only telling his late wife. Henry’s granddaughter, Marlisa, told reporters how he used tricks, like waiting for others to order at restaurants first, to avoid the issue.

A family dispute in his nineties, she said, aroused his desire for education. “He signed a document he could not read about where he was going to live,” Marlisa said. Starting with his name, he eventually moved on to the ABC’s and children’s books. He put them down since his wife fell ill. After the tragic loss of his wife, he went back to reading and began to log his life. He wrote about his family’s voyage from Portugal to the US, how he went on to captain a boat, and his many journeys at sea.

His life stories have become so popular that nearly 800 copies were sold in the first two weeks after the book’s release. One thousand more have been printed as requests for the book flood in as far as Germany. And now even Hollywood producers have approached Mr. Henry about buying the rights to his life stories for a big screen adaptation.

The family also now has a book agent and a deal in the works to publish a second edition. Meanwhile, the family says they are reconnecting and closer than ever as a result of Henry’s late-life efforts. “Everyone has a story, Marlisa said. “It teaches that when you’re down and out. never give up.”

1.When did Henry begin writing his life story?

A. After his wife passed away.

B. Before his wife passed away.

C. When he was at the age of 91.

D. After he retired from work.

2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A. Henry didn’t love his wife.

B. A Hollywood producer wishes to make a movie out of Henry’s book.

C. Henry began his reading with some famous novels.

D. Henry’s book was well-received by Americans and he made a lot of money.

3.How did Henry’s family benefit from the 2nd edition?

A. The family got known in the US.

B. His family moved from Portugal to the US.

C. The family ties were rebuilt and strengthened.

D. His family spread abroad.

4.What message can Henry’s story give us?

A. Writing can make people rich.

B. A person should write his story.

C. One is never too old to learn.

D. Everything comes to him who waits.
5．Hearing the joke，we burst into______．（　　）
A．laughB．laughingC．laughterD．laughters
15．Have you ever wondered why birds sing？Maybe you thought that they were just happy．After all，you probably sing or whistle when you are happy．
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy．However，they sing most of the time for a very different reason．Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory．
Do you know what a"territory"is？A territory is an area that an animal，usually the male，claims（声称）as its own．Only he and his family are welcome there．No other families of the same species（物种）are welcome．Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome．If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you，you might shout．Probably this would be enough to frighten him away．
If so，you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him．A bird does the same thing．But he expects an outsider almost any time，especially at nesting（筑巢）season．So he is screaming all the time，whether he can see an outsider or not．This screaming is what we call a bird's song，and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away．
Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs．
You can see that birds have a language all their own．Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting up territories．
28．Some scientists believe that most of the time birds'singing is actuallyB．
A．an expression of happiness      
B．a way of warning
C a way of greeting                        
D．an expression of anger
29．What is a bird's"territory"？A
A．An area which a bird considers to be its own．
B．A place where families of other species are not accepted．
C．A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice．
D．An area for which birds fight against each other．
30．Why do birds keep on singing at nesting season？D
A．Because they want to invite more friends．
B．Because they want to find outsiders around．
C．Because their singing helps frighten outsiders away．
D．Because their singing helps get rid of their fears．
31．How does the writer explain birds'singing？B
A．By reporting experiment results．
B．By comparing birds with human beings．
C．By describing birds'daily life．
D．By telling a bird's story．
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"（45）Certainly （certain）．"
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A．digB．hitC．makeD．lift

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