题目内容
________ made up of vast oceans.
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A．Two third of the earth is
B．Two thirds of the earth are
C．Third two of the earth is
D．Two thirds of the earth is
Science, as we think, was born when the Greek philosopher ( 哲学家 ) Thales ( about 640-546 B.C.) asked a difficult question: What makes up our universe?
No one had a ready answer, so Thales went on studying the earth around him, the sky and the stars. He saw so much water on earth and so much water falling from the sky as rain that he decided water must be the basic substance ( 物质 ) of the universe.
Other Greek thinkers became interested in this question. They suggested other answers. One said that because air lies around the earth, it must be air that makes up all things. Another said that fire, appearing in different forms, was the building block of the universe.
The Greek philosophers were feeling their way towards the ideas on which chemistry is based. Centuries later, scientists proved that the universe is made up of certain basic substances. But the list is much more complicated than the Greeks realized. We now know of 103 basic substances which we call “ elements ( 元素 )”.
【小题1】Thales, the famous Greek philosopher, died when he was about _______________.
| A．94 years old | B．106years old |
| C．40 years old | D．46 years old |
| A．not difficult | B．not simple | C．not famous | D．not different |
| A．nothing ever changes in the universe |
| B．Thales decided that the basic substance of the universe was air |
| C．the universe is made up of four different substances |
| D．the early Greek thinkers did much valuable work for the progress of science |
Culture shock isn’t a clinical term or medical condition. It’s simply a common way to describe the confusing and nervous feelings a person have after leaving a familiar culture to live in a new and different culture.
It’s natural to have difficulty adjusting to a new culture. People from other cultures may have grown up with values and beliefs that differ from yours. Because of these differences，the things they talk about，the ways they express themselves and the importance of various ideas may be very different from what you are used to. But the good news is that culture shock is temporary.
What causes culture shock?
To understand culture shock，it helps to understand what culture is. You may know that genes determine a big part of how you look and act. What you might not know is that your environment has a big effect on your appearance and behavior as well.
Your environment isn’t just the air you breathe and the food you eat，though；a big part of your environment is culture. Culture is made up of the common things that members of a community learn from family，friends，media，literature，and even strangers. These are the things that influence how you look，act，and communicate. Often，you don’t even know you are learning these things because they become secondnature to you－for instance，the way you shake hands with someone，the kind of things you find funny，or how you view religions.
The differences between cultures can make it very difficult to adjust to the new surroundings. When you go to a new place，such as a new country or even a new city，you often enter a culture that is different from the one you left. Sometimes your culture and the new culture are similar. Sometimes，they can be very different. What might be perfectly normal in one culture－for example，spending hours eating a meal with your family－might be unusual in a culture that values a more fastpaced lifestyle.
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Culture 1.____________ |
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Definition |
?Culture shock is a kind of 2.__________people have when living in a new and different culture. ?Culture shock results from the difficulty people have in adjusting themselves to new surroundings. ?Culture shock is 3.____________. |
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4._____ |
?5.____________largely determine your appearance and behavior. ?Culture，an important part of 6.__________，has an influence on the way people look，act and communicate. ?The differences between cultures contribute to the difficulty in getting used to new surroundings，as something 7.____________in one culture seems unusual in another. |
Imagine that the genome （基因组） is a book．The book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels．There are one billion words in the book, as long as 800 Bibles; if I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me centuries; if I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube．This is a huge volume, a book of great length, but it all fits inside an extremely small cell nuclear（细胞核） that fits easily upon the head of a pin．
The idea of the genome as a book is not, strictly speaking, even a metaphor．It is true to a great extent．A book is a piece of digital information, written in one-directional form and defined by a code that translates a small alphabet of signs into a large dictionary of meanings through the order of their groupings．So is a genome．The only difference is that all English books read from left to right, while some parts of the genome read from left to right while some from right to left, but never both at the same time．
While English books are written in words of different lengthens using twenty-six letters, genomes are written entirely in words of three-letter length, using only four letters, and instead of being written on flat pages, they are written on long chains of DNA molecules （分子）．
The genome is a very clever book, because in the right condition it can both photocopy itself and read itself．
1.How do human genomes read according to the passage?___________
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A．Only from left to right． |
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B．Only from right to left． |
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C．From both directions at the same time． |
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D．From one direction at a time． |
2.We can learn from the passage that the human genome ________．
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A．is as long as the River Danube |
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B．can be easily placed on the head of a pin |
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C．is coded with an alphabet of four letters |
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D．is smart enough to read and take photos of itself |
3.It can be concluded that the passage is mainly written for ______．
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A．specialists in the field |
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B．general readers |
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C．natural scientists |
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D．readers with professional knowledge |
4.The real purpose of the author’s comparison of the genome to a book is _____．
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A．to focus on the differences between the two |
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B．to lay emphasis on the similarities between the two |
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C．to simplify the concept of the human genome |
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D．to give an exact description of the human genome |