Question

Researchers have found more evidence that suggests a relationship between races and rates of lung cancer among smokers. A new study shows that black people and Native Hawaiians are more likely to develop lung cancer from smoking. It compared their risk to whites, Japanese-Americans and Latinos.

Researchers at the University of Southern California and the University of Hawaii did the new study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the findings. The eight-year research studied more than 180,000 people. They included present and former smokers and people who never smoked. Almost 2,000 people in the study developed lung cancer.

Researchers say genetics might help explain the racial and ethnic differences. There could be differences in how people's bodies react to smoke. But environmental influences, including the way people smoke, could also make a difference.

African-Americans and Latinos in the study are reported smoking the fewest cigarettes per day. Whites are the heaviest smokers. But the scientists point out that blacks have been reported to breathe cigarette smoke more deeply than white smokers. This could fill their lungs with more of the chemicals in tobacco that cause cancer.

Scientists know that some diseases effect different groups differently. And some drug companies have begun to develop racially targeted medicines. Last June, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a drug designed to treat heart failure in black patients. The name is BiDil. The agency called it "a step toward the promise of personalized medicine."

1.Which of the following orders is from higher to lower risk of having lung cancer?

A．Whites—Native Hawaiians

B．Africans—Americans—Latinos

C．Asians—Native Hawaiians

D．Africans—Americans—Native Hawaiians

2.Researchers agree that it is _____ that may probably determine black people’s risk of lung cancer.

A．the larger amount of smoking than white people

B．the living style or habit of the blacks

C．the depth of cigarette smoke into their lungs

D．the physical strength to react to cigarette smoke

3.People in the new study are made up of _____.

A．heavy smokers in America                 B．the black and white people

C．the Asians and Hawaiians                  D．smokers and non-smokers

4.The production of BiDil referred to in the last paragraph is to _____.

A．explain different races react to some diseases differently

B．tell the readers that racial differences exist in smokers

C．show a big step people have taken in the medicine area

D．support the idea that it is easy for blacks to have cancers

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.B

2.C

3.D

4.A

【解析】

试题分析：本文简述了肺癌和种族的关系，同时进一步说明同一种疾病对不同的种族也许会有不同的影响。

1.B 排序题。根据第一段2,3行A new study shows that black people and Native Hawaiians are more likely to develop lung cancer from smoking. It compared their risk to whites, Japanese-Americans and Latinos.说明B的顺序正确。

2.C 推理题。根据第四段But the scientists point out that blacks have been reported to breathe cigarette smoke more deeply than white smokers. This could fill their lungs with more of the chemicals in tobacco that cause cancer. 说明肺部吸入的烟的程度影响决定了人们患癌症的可能性大小。故C正确。

3.D 细节题。根据第二段3,4行They included present and former smokers and people who never smoked说明接受调查的是中有抽烟的也有不抽烟的。故D正确。

4.A 推理题。最后一段的中心思想是第一句Scientists know that some diseases effect different groups differently.下面所列举的例子正是为了解释这个中心思想，故A的说法正确。

考点：考查科普类短文阅读

点评：本文简述了肺癌和种族的关系，同时进一步说明同一种疾病对不同的种族也许会有不同的影响。此类文章的最大的障碍是词汇以及考生对阅读内容的不熟悉，需要考生在阅读的时候有足够的耐心，同上抓住文章的中心，不要受其他信息的影响。要根据题目及选项以及文章的上下文串联合理的判断推理。