题目内容

阅读理解。

Many of the world's countries have reached or are approaching zero population growth (ZPG). Nearly all such lands are economically well developed. They include much of Europe (including Russia), the United States, Canada, Japan, and Australia. As the rate of natural increase (RNI) declines, two things happen. First, the population begins to decline if the loss is not balanced by immigration. Second, a country's population ages because there are fewer births.

Is achieving ZPG good or bad? What happens when a country's population begins to drop? Many people, after all, believe that population decline is a good thing. But is it good for everyone? Does everyone agree?

An aging population can create many problems. Senior citizens require more health care and medical attention. Rather than paying into retirement programs, they begin to draw from their pensions. In the US, the Social Security program, according to many experts, will be used up by 2018. It will pay out more money than it takes in. Additionally, a great number of jobs go begging in search of people willing or able to do them. Many of these jobs are entry?level positions that pay low wages. With an aging population, who will fill them? At the other extreme, some positions require a large number of training and highly specialized skills. Who will fill these positions as retirees leave the workforce?

The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple: increased migration. Today many people, particularly those from less developed countries, are migrating in search of employment. Many are willing to take jobs that cannot (or will not) be filled by the_domestic_population. Others are well educated and highly skilled. Both groups contribute to a country's economy progress in many ways. Further, they add to the richness of a country's culture. Of greatest importance, perhaps, is the fact that they have become absolutely necessary to the economy of many lands. As you can see, for many countries and for most immigrants, migration is a win?win situation.

1.In the writer's view, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Not everyone agrees that achieving ZPG is absolutely good.

B．Achieving ZPG is every country's aim in spite of its side effects.

C．Achieving ZPG is bad for senior citizens.

D．Achieving ZPG is good for employment.

2.According to the passage, the best way to solve the problem of declining and aging population is ________.

A．to improve the health care system

B．to increase RNI

C．to increase employment

D．to increase migration

3.The underlined words “the domestic population” can be replaced by ________.

A．people within the country

B．people from developing countries

C．people without a college education

D．people living abroad

4.The main idea of the last paragraph is ________.

A．the advantages of increased migration

B．the problem of declining and aging population

C．how to increase migration

D．some ways to enrich a country's culture

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短文改错

假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Editor,

I used to be a physician in the children’s department of a hospital. From time to time I treated children who had poisoned by medicine with older family members. The children didn’t know the medicine was danger; they just knew it tasted sweet. Children easily open the bottle what we now use in China.

Some days before I talked about medicines with an American. He showed me a sort of plastic bottle. The design was quite simple and I’m sure our Chinese factories could produce these bottles. The top of the bottle can be opened by pressing down on them while turning, which is difficult for most young children to do so, though grown-up can open these bottles very easily.

I’m certainly that the expense of making such tops would be very small. As a doctor, I’d love to see this doing. And most parents would be grateful.

Sincerely yours

Li Hua

完形填空。

Don't let Aurora's small stature (身高) fool you — her spirit is strong. She is one of 140 chickens __________ from a farm. When we saved her, she was tiny and sick and it seemed __________ that she would survive. Having never got the right __________， many of the chickens were sick and some __________ died.

At a young age, Aurora and her sisters and brothers were __________ by their mom. Luckily, another mother __________ their care. Aurora seemed the last to ___________ food and attention. She grew at a much slower __________ than her brothers and sisters. Everything seemed __________ her.

At the young age of seven months, Aurora had lost two moms and was ___________ to find a place with the other chickens.

Aurora ___________ found comfort from an old chicken named Margaret, staying under her wings during the cold nights, __________ Margaret was so old that a few months later she died. Aurora, in her own way, thinks of Margaret. Every evening, you will find her in the __________ spot where she kept Margaret company. ___________ when the other chickens try to __________ her away, Aurora comes back.

As Aurora grew, we became ____________ at her love to simply live. Nothing ___________ her.

So remember, when life seems so ___________ that you can't take it, think of Aurora. She has lost two moms, watched her sisters and brothers die, and ____________ from serious illnesses. Yet she enjoys the small, sweet __________ life has offered — safety, food, warmth and good friendships.

1.A.raised B．purchased C．rescued D．collected

2.A.hopeful B．proper C．possible D．unlikely

3.A.touch B．care C．gift D．partner

4.A.sadly B．angrily C．coldly D．calmly

5.A.punished B．refused C．abandoned D．scolded

6.A.took on B．put forward C．looked after D．brought about

7.A.get B．eat C．draw D．offer

8.A.cost B．rate C．standard D．value

9.A.for B．around C．about D．against

10.A.arranging B．choosing C．struggling D．affording

11.A.lately B．eventually C．constantly D．frequently

12.A.unless B．so C．because D．but

13.A.same B．relevant C．similar D．normal

14.A.Still B．Thus C．Even D．Yet

15.A.clear B．put C．turn D．push

16.A.nervous B．amazed C．excited D．disappointed

17.A.helped B．attracted C．impressed D．stopped

18.A.tough B．different C．smooth D．boring

19.A.waked B．made C．recovered D．learned

20.A.chances B．pleasures C．dreams D．services

短文改错

About a month ago, I was walking alone on the beach in the evening. I have already finished my homework, and I wanted to relax. Suddenly, I saw two children stand on the beach. They seem to have found something made of metal, which was big and reddish?brown. When I took a look at it, I knew immediate that it was an old bomb! I told them to move away the bomb. Fortunately, I had a mobile phone around with me, so I called the police and told them that had been found. About 15 minutes late, the police arrived. I was praised for it but then I went home. The next day, I heard that the police had blown the bomb up. It had been on the sand for over 60 years!

阅读理解。

Chinese female scientist Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine on October 5 for her discoveries concerning a novel treatment against malaria (疟疾). This is the first Nobel Prize given to a Chinese scientist for work carried out within China.

Tu shared the prize with Irish?born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan, who were honored for their revolutionary anti?roundworm treatment. 84?year?old Tu is awarded this prize for her contribution to cutting the death rate of malaria, reducing patients' suffering and promoting mankind's health. Although she received several medical awards in the past, the 2015 Nobel Prize is definitely the most privilege reward that recognizes Tu's dedication and perseverance in discovering artemisinin (青蒿素), the key drug that battles malaria?friendly parasites (寄生虫).

However, her route to the honor has been anything but traditional. She won the Nobel Prize for medicine, but she doesn't have a medical degree or a PhD. In China, she is even being called the “three?noes” winner: no medical degree, no doctorate, and she's never worked overseas. No wonder her success has stirred China's national pride and helped promote confidence of native Chinese scientists.

The fact that Tu has none of these three backgrounds reminds us that science should be more accessible to all. One shall be able to become a scientist no matter what kind of background he or she comes from, as long as one dives into scientific research. There have been discussions on people who really love science but are never able to achieve much during their whole life. Their contributions can never be ignored. They work so hard to prove the wrong way so that the future researchers will be closer to the right one.

As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of natural science award, Tu's record?breaking winning also serves as a reminder to those who are too eager for instant success. Science is never about instant success. Tu spent decades on scientific research before its value is officially acknowledged. There is no way to measure how much one devotes to science and compare it with how much reward he or she may get.

1.We can know from the text that ________.

A．Tu worked at home and abroad to conduct her research

B．Tu got the Nobel Prize for her anti?roundworm treatment

C．the Nobel Prize is the first award to recognize her work

D．her discovery of artemisinin has helped to cut malaria death rate

2.The author seems to agree that a person who is more likely to become a scientist is the one with________.

A．a sense of national pride

B．relevant academic knowledge

C．a desire to achieve success

D．enthusiasm for scientific research

3.In writing the passage, the author intends to________.

A．inform readers of the news and make comments

B．discourage the pursuit of instant success in science

C．remind readers of the principles of scientific research

D．praise the award winner and encourage scientific research

完形填空

Beginning to learn gymnastics even before she could barely walk, Svetlana had always dreamed to enter the Olympics scene some day.

However, her ________ ended in the car on the winding road when a lorry appeared out of nowhere. The last thing she ________ was a blinding flash of light. In hospital, when told she would never ________ again, she couldn't believe it. Three months later, she was ________ out of hospital on a wheelchair. Then a friend came to her house to visit her with an old children's storybook. A bookmark in it made her________ to page 117. The name of the _________ was ‘The Day Clara Walked’. She was determined to return to stage whatever it might cost.

_________， after a year's hard exercise, Svetlana recovered and was able to display her gymnastics. While she was sitting on the green bench ________ the Athens Olympic Stadium, memories _________： first, the pain and the tears, the book under her pillow, the words of relatives full of advice and comfort, and the pity in those eyes that had once held _________ for her talent. Then followed the trips to the gym where everyone looked on ________， their disbelief transforming slowly to wonder, ________ she could balance the hoop (圈) as well as her teammates. She registered for the 2004 Olympic Games, and finally she received _________ from the Olympic Committee.

Her _________ was interrupted by the attendant who said, “It's time”， two words that she had been ________ to hear for so long. Smoothing her dress, she walked into the stadium, each ________ firm and steady. Everything was ________， and the applause rang loud in her ears, her heart beating ________ in her chest.

Later that night, Svetlana pulled the gold medal out of her pocket and placed it on the old ________on the shelf, which opened to page 117, to the chapter ‘The Day Clara Walked’， tears ________ her vision.

1.A.intention B．dream C．life D．career

2.A.remembered B．forgot C．experienced D．suffered

3.A.see B．dance C．sing D．walk

4.A.wheeled B．rocked C．thrown D．rushed

5.A.point B．relate C．open D．adapt

6.A.bookmark B．page C．story D．chapter

7.A.Fortunately B．Surprisingly C．Suddenly D．Certainly

8.A.outside B．inside C．beneath D．opposite

9.A.squeezed out B．faded away C．mixed up D．flooded in

10.A.fright B．admiration C．sympathy D．regret

11.A.cheerfully B．thankfully C．nervously D．doubtfully

12.A.until B．while C．as D．once

13.A.approval B．praise C．support D．access

14.A.plan B．thought C．attempt D．sight

15.A.eager B．content C．upset D．proud

16.A.breath B．wave C．step D．look

17.A.unexpected B．perfect C．awful D．finished

18.A.immediately B．swiftly C．properly D．fiercely

19.A.hoop B．letter C．book D．dress

20.A.rolling B．filling C．clouding D．rushing

阅读理解。

The term “smog” was first used in London during the early 1900's to describe the combination of smoke and fog. What we typically call “smog” today is a mixture of pollutants but is primarily made up of ground?level ozone (臭氧)．

Ozone can be beneficial or harmful depending on where it stays. The ozone staying high above the Earth protects human health and the environment, but ground?level ozone is responsible for the choking, coughing, and painful eyes associated with smog. The ozone in smog also prevents plants growth and can cause widespread damage to crops and forest.

Major smog occurrences often are linked to heavy motor vehicle traffic, high temperatures, sunshine, and calm winds. Weather and geography affect the position and severity of smog. Because temperature regulates the length of time it takes for smog to form, smog can form faster and be more severe on a hot and sunny day. When warm air stays near the ground instead of rising and winds are calm, smog may stay trapped over your city for days. As traffic and other sources add more pollutants to the air, the smog gets worse. Smog is often more severe away from the pollution sources because the chemical reactions that cause smog occur in the atmosphere while the reacting chemicals are being moved by the wind.

Smog is a visible example of air pollution. You can look into the distance during the day to see how much smog there is in the air. In addition, most cities measure the concentrations of pollutants in the air and report the results to the public.

Environmental Protection Agency sets national standards for pollutants. Areas that fail to meet the standards for at least one air pollutant are called “nonattainment (不达标) areas”. New measures are being taken by local governments across the country to reduce air pollution in nonattainment areas. These include: banning charcoal barbecues and wood burning in stoves or fireplaces when pollution levels are high; developing programs to encourage carpooling and voluntary “ozone actions”； limiting traffic in overcrowded areas; expanding or improving public transportation systems; requiring employers to contribute to employee public transportation costs; assessing “smog fees” on cars according to the number of miles driven and vehicle emissions (排放) produced; and even buying and breaking up older “super?dirty” cars.

1.According to the passage, ground?level ozone can______.

A．damage the environment

B．benefit human health

C．protect crops and forest

D．limit the spread of smog

2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Air quality is better in time of calm wind.

B．Smog is more severe near pollution sources.

C．It takes more time for smog to form in hot weather.

D．Chemical reactions occur in the moving air and cause smog.

3.Which indication shows more exact the air is poor?

A．Heavy motor vehicle traffic in big cities.

B．Widespread damage of crops and forest.

C．Clear outlines of hills in the distance.

D．High concentrations of pollutants in the air.

4.What is included in the measures being taken by the local governments?

A．Unconditional banning of wood burning.

B．Encouraging carpooling and public transportation.

C．Charging all the vehicles more “smog fees”．

D．Buying new cars to replace super?dirty old cars.

阅读理解。

Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time — about eight hours after you wake up — your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.

In many parts of the world, people take naps (小睡) in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer less from problems such as heart disease. Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers don't follow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap — even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.

1.Why do you sometimes feel sleepy in the early afternoon?

A．Because you eat too much for lunch.

B．Because it's hot in summer.

C．Because your body temperature goes down at that time.

D．Because you didn't have a good sleep last night.

2.What can we learn about “naps” according to the last paragraph?

A．All the people in warmer climates take naps in the middle of the day.

B．Doctors need to take naps while employers don't.

C．If you take naps every day, you'll never suffer from heart disease.

D．Taking naps regularly is beneficial to people's health.

3.What can we infer from the passage?

A．If you get up at 6：30 am, you'd better take a nap at about 1：30 pm.

B．Taking a nap whenever you want will do good to your health.

C．You will feel less sleepy if you sleep for a long time.

D．You'll feel sleepy at regular intervals.

4.What would be the best title for the text?

A．Just for a Rest

B．All for a Nap

C．A Special Sleep Pattern

D．Taking Naps in Warmer Climates

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Food safety is a problem in all places around the world and people in different areas of the world prepare foods in different ways. The WHO released (发布) five simple rules for preparing food in a safe way. They call these rules the “Five Keys to Safer Food”.

Key 1: Keep clean

1.. People should wash their hands often — before touching food and while they are preparing food. People should wash all surfaces and equipment used for preparing food.

Key 2: Separate raw (生的) and cooked

Raw foods should not touch prepared foods. 2..

Key 3: 3.

People should cook eggs and meat especially carefully. These foods may carry more micro-organisms (微生物) than other foods. Food like soup must be boiled for at least a minute to make it be cooked completely. It is also important that people re-heat cooked food completely.

Key 4: Keep food at safe temperatures

When people finish eating, they should keep the left food in a refrigerator below 5℃and shouldn’t store it for too long. At room temperature, about 20℃, the amount of micro-organisms can increase very quickly. But temperatures above 60℃ or below 5℃ control the growth of micro-organisms. 4..

Key 5: Use safe water and raw materials

5.. Damaged or old food may develop harmful chemicals as it gets older.

A. Cook completely

B. This key tells about the importance of washing

C. Eat healthily

D. They can live where we make food

E. People should use safe water and choose fresh foods

F. They cannot grow as quickly in a very hot or very cold environment

G. People should use separate equipment and tools for touching and preparing raw foods

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