题目内容

“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?”Lindsey whispers to Tori.

With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago. ”

Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happened to be yours truly, Adam Freedmam. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.

An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic- breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.

If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor(传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.”In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).

Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.

The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.

1.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to ______.

A. introduce a topic B. present an argument

C. describe the characters D. clarify his writing purpose

2.In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it ______.

A. gives them a feeling of pleasure

B. help them to make more friends

C. makes them better at telling stories

D. enables them to meet important people

3.Professor David Wilson think that gossip can ______.

A. provide students with written rules

B. help people watch their own behaviors

C. force school to improve student handbooks

D. attract the police’s attention to group behaviors

4.What advice does the author give in the passage?

A. Never become a gossiper B. Stay away from gossipers

C. Don’t let gossip turn into lies D. Think twice before you gossip.

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Research shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment. Children’s relationships with peers (同龄人) strongly influence their success in school, and children with fewer friends are more at risk of dropping out of school, becoming depressed and other problems.

Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child’s Play

When 6?year?old Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday morning, her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend Abbie. “Though they were only separated by a weekend, the girls ran right into each other’s arms and hugged,” recalls Rachel’s mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert. “It was like a scene from a movie.”

Most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their child. Experts agree that friendship is not simply child’s play, but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.

A Skill for Life

“Childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground for adulthood,” says Dr.Robbie Adler?Tapia, psychologist with the Center for Children’s Health & Life Development at the East Valley Family Resource Center.

Researcher William Hartup states, “Peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive (认知的) development.” Hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior, but rather, how well a child gets along with other children.

The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids while the lack of friends is detrimental.

Good Friendships Don’t Just Happen

Experts agree that it is essential for children to establish high?quality friendships. But, researchers warn, these friendships don’t necessarily just happen. Often, a good friendship begins with involved parents.

Psychologist Dr.Lynne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.

Bad Company

Many parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their child’s friendships. “When she was in 1st grade, her supposed ‘best friend’ began calling her names and threatening to hurt her,” says Mindy Miller. “My daughter wasn’t allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class. It really crushed her spirit. I told my daughter she didn’t need a ‘friend’ like that.”

“I’ll bend over backwards(拼命) to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him,” Adler?Tapia says. “I don’t look at it as manipulation (操纵)，just positive parental involvement.”

1.The example of Rachel and Abbie is used to indicate that ________.

A. childhood friendship is of great significance to their growth

B. a positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problems

C. it is a proven fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout life

D. Rachel missed her friend Abbie very much because of their separation of one weekend

2.The underlined word “detrimental” could be replaced by ________.

A. aggressive B. disappointing C. ridiculous D. harmful

3.We can learn from the passage that high?quality friendship most probably results from ________.

A. social skills and good study habits

B. school grades and classroom behaviors

C. academic success and social adaptation

D. positive parental involvement and social skills

4.From the last paragraph we can conclude that Dr.Robbie Adler?Tapia agrees that ________.

A. parents should regard making friends as something that just happens

B. it’s wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationships

C. parents only need to help their children to cope with difficult social situations

D. parents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can

The death of languages is not a new phenomenon. Languages usually have a relatively short life span as well as a very high death rate. Only a few, including Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Latin, have lasted more than 2,000 years.

What is new, however, is the speed at which they are dying out. Europe’s colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 percent of all languages spoken at the time. Over the last 300 years, Europe has lost a dozen, and Australia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th century.

The rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting and consolidating national languages and sidelining others. By making great efforts to establish an official language in education, the media and the civil service, national governments have deliberately tried to eliminate minority languages.

This process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress, which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical. Language diversity came to be seen as an obstacle to trade and the spread of knowledge. Monolingualism became an ideal.

More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the threat to “small” languages. A language not on the Internet is a language that “no longer exists” in the modern world. It is out of the game.

The serious effects of the death of languages are evident. First of all, it is possible that if we all ended up speaking the same language, our brains would lose some of their natural capacity for linguistic inventiveness. We would never be able to figure out the origins of human language or resolve the mystery of “the first language”. As each language dies, a chapter of human history closes.

Multilingualism is the most accurate reflection of multiculturalism. The destruction of the first will inevitably lead to the loss of the second. Imposing a language without any links to a people’s culture and way of life stifles the expression of their collective genius. A language is not only used for the main instrument of human communication. It also expresses the world vision of those who speak it, their ways of using knowledge. To safeguard languages is an urgent matter.

1.Which of the following does not contribute to the death of languages?

A. Colonial conquests of Europe

B. The boom of human population

C. Advances in science and industrialization

D. The rise of nation-states

2.The underlined word “ stifles” in the last paragraph probably means “_____”.

A. boosts B. fuels C. imposes D. kills

3.The serious effects of the death of languages include all except that_______.

A. People would fail to understand how languages originated

B. Language diversity would become an obstacle to globalization

C. Monolingualism would lead to the loss of multiculturalism

D. Human brains would become less creative linguistically

4.What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?

A. To explain the reasons why languages are dying out.

B. To warn people of the negative aspects of globalization.

C. To call people’s attention to the urgency of language preservation.

D. To argue how important it is for people to speak more languages.

Being organized is an important skill for school and life．When you’re well organized, you can stay focused，instead of spending time hunting things down．

1.For schoolwork, it means having one notebook or place where you store all your assignment，so you know what you have to do and when. Keeping all your school work neat and in a specific place--these are the main parts of organization.

For home stuff, being organized means having a place to put your things and putting them back as you go.2.It means keeping your schoolbag，your shoes, and your clean underwear in the same places so you always know where to find them.

Planning is part of being organized, too. 3.Calendars，lists，and schedules can help you plan. You can buy or draw a calendar and keep it near your workplace. Making a schedule or “to-do” list for yourself is a good idea. Looking at your list helps you keep track of what you need to do. 4.Check off things when you’ve done them. Use your list to help you decide which thing is the most important to work on first.

5.But once you’re organized，it feels great．The less time you spend hunting around for things or panicking about homework，the more time you have for better things，like reading a good book or playing.

A. Planning means deciding what you will do and when you will do it.

B. First，you should get your schoolwork organized.

C. Add new things as you get assignments.

D. You will benefit a lot from a good habit.

E. What does it mean to be organized?

F. It takes some extra efforts to organize yourself and your stuff.

G. It means hanging your coat up instead of dropping it on the floor or throwing it on a chair.

A man came to the USA from another country. After 1. (settle) down at an island, he went into a cafeteria to get something 2. (eat). He sat down at an empty table and waited for someone to take his order, but nobody did. 3.(final), a woman with a tray full of food sat down opposite him and informed him 4. the cafeteria worked.

“Start out at that end,” she said. “Just go along the line and pick out what you want. At 5. other end they’ll tell you how much you have to pay.”

“I soon 6. (learn) how everything worked in the USA,” the man told his friend. “Life’s a cafeteria there. You can get anything you want as long as you are willing to pay the price. You can even get success, 7. you’ll never get it if you wait for someone to bring it to you. You have to get up and get it 8. .”

You can’t change the inevitable thing. The only thing you can do 9. (be) to control your attitude. Once you reach that point in life, happiness and 10. (satisfy) can’t be too far away.

Good afternoon, everyone,

I’d like to introduce my friend Christy to you all. Christy is a great example of how one person with___can make her dream a reality, so she should win the Student of the Year Award. Christy loves to ride bikes. She does not just ride along city streets,___. She is interested in____ trail (小路) rides. __ Christy knew that people who love riding had to travel____the city to find good bike trails, so she___ to do something.

Christy knew that Roosevelt Park had a clean, lively creek(小溪）__ through it. 12 miles of land around the creek was____used. Christy decided to get together with other trail___ to ask the city council to__ a bike path along the unused land. Christy ___a petition (请愿书). She and other riders asked all of their biking friends if they would___ the list, and they gathered 300 signatures. The city council evaluated the___ and, more___, agreed to build the bike trail.

The____took two months of work, and now Roosevelt Park has a___bike trail. It has many ups and downs; it is a great ride. This trail is becoming one of the community’s important___ spots. I can’t __ with Christy when we ride together, but I am glad that she decided to work hard to begin the__ of the Roosevelt Park bike path. Christy____this award because she acted on her dream, causing a community to come together.

Thank you!

1.A. patience B. satisfaction C. determination D. permission

2.A. still B. instead C. either D. though

3.A. tough B. vacant C. convenient D. remote

4.A. However B. As C. But D. Since

5.A. around B. beyond C. along D. outside

6.A. expected B. decided C. offered D. walking[

7.A. running B. going C. coming D. walking

8.A. often B. ever C. seldom D. even

9.A. runners B. players C. passengers D. riders

10.A. approve B. create C. prove D. accuse

11.A. formed B. wrote C. drew D. described

12.A. glance B. view C. call D. sign

13.A. demand B. request C. invitation D. scheme

14.A. importantly B. naturally C. obviously D. necessarily

15.A. destruction B. organization C. construction D. protection

16.A. interesting B. competing C. parking D. satisfying

17.A. match B. exercise C. play D. game

18.A. put up B. keep up C. end up D. turn up

19.A. discovery B. invention C. creation D. collection

20.A. deserves B. preserves C. reserves D. serves

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last summer I go to America and studied at a language school. I had many wonderful experience, but I also had a sad one. One day, the school held party , where I invited to talk about Chongqing. After that they asked me a lot of things about China. But I couldn’t explain them with English clearly. I felt sadly. I learned a lesson from this experience. I have already studied English for eight years, I can’t use it very good. I must work hard to improve my spoken English so that I will not be able to communicate freely with foreigners. I hope I can be a bridge between China and others countries in the future.

Can you _______ the time in English?

A. tell B. announce

C. declare D. spell

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Maria, a 91-year-old woman, has an unbelievable experience last week. A group of thieves broke in her house but took nothing away with them. Maria recalled that the windows were broken and that all her box were opened, but nothing was missing. Instead, she found a handwritten note on the table that was said, “This is help you to get by.” Beside the note there was some money. It seemed that the thieves realized how poor Maria lived and decided not to take something—but to help. One policeman who has been working for 40 years is surprising by this event too. Later Maria kept the note received from her friendly thieves or used the money to buy sweets for his great grandchildren.

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